Zinc For Treatment Of Diarrhea Research Articles

A study on utilization of maternal and infant health services in rural area of district Kanpur Nagar

Background: There is a pressing need to identify and address the grass root determinants of maternal health care utilization to steer the health services toward achieving the ambitious SDG target of reducing the global MMR to <70 per 100 000 births by 2030. Objective of current study was to assess the utilization of health services provided to mothers and infants. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted by the department of community medicine GSVM Medical College Kanpur using multistage random sampling technique including women having children less than 1 years of age and Infant (less than one year) born to these eligible women in rural blocks of district Kanpur Nagar for evaluation mother and infant care services from February 2021 to September 2022. Results: 94.17% participants had at least one antenatal visit, 85.06% of delivery were take place at CHC, 83.80% post natal care provided by doctor, 30.76% infant were treated properly for Acute respiratory symptom 21.31% infant received ORT and Zinc for treatment of diarrhea. Similar results were found as per NFHS-5 in rural Uttar Pradesh in previous published research work. Conclusions: Utilization of health care services require more improvement for infant disease treatment.

A retrospective mixed-methods evaluation of a national ORS and zinc scale-up program in Uganda between 2011 and 2016.

BackgroundIn Uganda, diarrhoea was the third leading cause of mortality among children under the age of five in 2010. To address this issue, the Ministry of Health (MOH) formed a national Diarrhoea and Pneumonia Coordination Committee (DPCC) in 2011. One of the objectives of the DPCC for reducing diarrhoea mortality was to increase the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc. This study aimed to describe and evaluate efforts by the DPCC to increase ORS and zinc coverage.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective mixed-methods evaluation to describe the activities conducted under the DPCC and evaluate the extent to which the committee’s goal of increasing ORS and zinc use was achieved. We conducted secondary analysis using Uganda’s Demographic and Health Survey from 2011 and 2016, analyzed cross-sectional private medicine outlet surveys from 2014 and 2016, analyzed ORS and zinc distribution data from the Uganda National Medical Stores, and reviewed program documents from DPCC partners.ResultsNationally, the proportion of children under five with diarrhoea treated with ORS and zinc increased from 1% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1%, 2%) in 2011 to 30% (95% CI = 27%, 32%) in 2016. Among private medicine outlets, the adjusted odds of having any zinc in-stock was 1.5 (95% CI = 1.14, 1.97) times higher in 2016 than in 2014, and the retail price for a complete treatment (2 ORS sachets and 10 zinc tablets) declined by $0.19 (95% CI = -0.31, -0.06), or 14%.ConclusionsUse of combined ORS and zinc for treatment of diarrhoea in children under five significantly increased in Uganda during the program period. The range of activities conducted by the various members of the DPCC likely contributed to the increase in the use of combined ORS and zinc.

Effects of scaling up various community-level interventions on child mortality in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania: a modeling study

BackgroundImproving child health remains one of the most significant health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that accounts for half of the global burden of under-five mortality despite having approximately 13% of the world population and 25% of births globally. Improving access to evidence-based community-level interventions has increasingly been advocated to contribute to reducing child mortality and, thus, help low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) achieve the child health related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target. Nevertheless, the coverage of community-level interventions remains suboptimal. In this study, we estimated the potential impact of scaling up various community-level interventions on child mortality in five East African Community (EAC) countries (i.e., Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania).MethodsWe identified ten preventive and curative community-level interventions that have been reported to reduce child mortality: Breastfeeding promotion, complementary feeding, vitamin A supplementation, Zinc for treatment of diarrhea, hand washing with soap, hygienic disposal of children’s stools, oral rehydration solution (ORS), oral antibiotics for treatment of pneumonia, treatment for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), and prevention of malaria using insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying (ITN/IRS). Using the Lives Saved Tool, we modeled the impact on child mortality of scaling up these 10 interventions from baseline coverage (2016) to ideal coverage (99%) by 2030 (ideal scale-up scenario) relative to business as usual (BAU) scenario (forecasted coverage based on prior coverage trends). Our outcome measures include number of child deaths prevented.ResultsCompared to BAU scenario, ideal scale-up of the 10 interventions could prevent approximately 74,200 (sensitivity bounds 59,068–88,611) child deaths by 2030 including 10,100 (8210–11,870) deaths in Burundi, 10,300 (7831–12,619) deaths in Kenya, 4350 (3678–4958) deaths in Rwanda, 20,600 (16049–25,162) deaths in Uganda, and 28,900 (23300–34,002) deaths in the United Republic of Tanzania. The top four interventions (oral antibiotics for pneumonia, ORS, hand washing with soap, and treatment for MAM) account for over 75.0% of all deaths prevented in each EAC country: 78.4% in Burundi, 76.0% in Kenya, 81.8% in Rwanda, 91.0% in Uganda and 88.5% in the United Republic of Tanzania.ConclusionsScaling up interventions that can be delivered at community level by community health workers could contribute to substantial reduction of child mortality in EAC and could help the EAC region achieve child health-related SDG target. Our findings suggest that the top four community-level interventions could account for more than three-quarters of all deaths prevented across EAC countries. Going forward, costs of scaling up each intervention will be estimated to guide policy decisions including health resource allocations in EAC countries.

Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dan Penggunaan Oralit dan Zinc pada Penanganan Pertama Kasus Diare Anak Usia 1-5 Tahun: Sebuah Studi di Puskesmas Janti Malang

Diarrhea was a condition when a person experienced disturbing bowel movement and soft or liquid stool consistency, three times or more in a day. To this day, diarrhea is one of the major public health problems in developing countries including Indonesia. Mother’s level of education, amongst other things, is likely influencing the treatment choice for children’s diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to determined the influenced of mother’s level of education on the use of oralit (oral rehydration therapy) and zinc in treating diarrhea experienced by children aged 1-5 years old. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with 100 respondents. The result of the study from chi square analysis gave the p value of 0.528 ( p > 0,05), and coefficient correlation of 0.176 (very low). Thus, it can be concluded that the mother’s level of education had no influence on the used of oralit and zinc for the first treatment of diarrhea amongst children aged 1-5 years old.

The Efficacy of Elemental Zinc on Acute Diarrhea in Egyptian Infant and Children

Diarrhea is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Hence, the aim in the present study was to evaluate the effect of elemental zinc in treatment of diarrhea in children. 100 diarrheic patients (50 females) aged from 1-12 years old collected from the-clinics of pediatric department at Beni suef University Hospital, were divided into two equal groups. Group A received elemental Zinc in the form of Zinc Sulphate (10 mg elemental Zinc daily for infants and 20 mg for children) with the normal diarrhea treatment. Group B received the normal anti-diarrhea treatment only. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding most of the parameters studied. However, the mean±SD recovery time in group A was significantly higher (p-value=0.019) than in group B. However, when antibiotic alone was used as anti-diarrheal treatment the recovery time in days in group A was less than in group B but with no significant difference. The expected beneficial efficacy of elemental Zinc in the form of Zinc Sulphate on the duration and severity of acute diarrhea was not observed. However, the study showed that Zinc may be effective in diarrhea due to bacterial infections.

Role of zinc in child health and survival.

Zinc deficiency has been estimated to result in more than 450,000 child deaths annually by increasing the risk of diarrhea and pneumonia mortality. Trials of daily supplemental zinc have shown preventive benefits in childhood diarrhea with a 20% reduction in incidence. Use of zinc in treatment of diarrhea has also been successful in shortening the duration of the episode by 10% and reducing the number of prolonged episodes. The World Health Organization recommends that zinc supplements be used for 10-14 days for every episode of childhood diarrhea along with oral hydration and feeding. Large-scale effectiveness trials of these recommendations in Bangladesh and India have found a reduction in hospitalizations due to diarrhea and pneumonia and in child mortality. Trials have also demonstrated a reduction in the incidence childhood pneumonia with zinc supplements and some, but not all, studies have found a therapeutic benefit of zinc as adjunctive treatment along with antibiotics as well. Preventive zinc also improves the growth of children in developing countries and reduces total deaths in 1-to 4-year-old children by 18%. Zinc supplementation is an intervention with proven effectiveness and broad application to address pneumonia and diarrhea, the two most important childhood infectious diseases globally.