Zigzag Antenna Research Articles

Design and Modeling of a Terahertz Transceiver for Intra- and Inter-Chip Communications in Wireless Network-on-Chip Architectures.

This paper addresses the increasing demand for computing power and the challenges associated with adding more core units to a computer processor. It explores the utilization of System-on-Chip (SoC) technology, which integrates Terahertz (THz) wave communication capabilities for intra- and inter-chip communication, using the concept of Wireless Network-on-Chips (WNoCs). Various types of network topologies are discussed, along with the disadvantages of wired networks. We explore the idea of applying wireless connections among cores and across the chip. Additionally, we describe the WNoC architecture, the flip-chip package, and the THz antenna. Electromagnetic fields are analyzed using a full-wave simulation software, Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The simulation is conducted with dipole and zigzag antennas communicating within the chip at resonant frequencies of 446 GHz and 462.5 GHz, with transmission coefficients of around -28 dB and -33 to -41 dB, respectively. Transmission coefficient characterization, path loss analysis, a study of electric field distribution, and a basic link budget for transmission are provided. Furthermore, the feasibility of calculated transmission power is validated in cases of high insertion loss, ensuring that the achieved energy expenditure is less than 1 pJ/bit. Finally, employing a similar setup, we study intra-chip communication using the same antennas. Simulation results indicate that the zigzag antenna exhibits a higher electric field magnitude compared with the dipole antenna across the simulated chip structure. We conclude that transmission occurs through reflection from the ground plane of a printed circuit board (PCB), as evidenced by the electric field distribution.

Distributed and Scalable Radio Resource Management for mmWave V2V Relays towards Safe Automated Driving.

The millimeter-wave (mmWave) Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication system has drawn attention as a critical technology to extend the restricted perception of onboard sensors and upgrade the level of vehicular safety that requires a high data rate. However, co-channel inter-link interference presents significant challenges for scalable V2V communications. To overcome such limitations, this paper firstly analyzes the required data rate ensuring maneuver safety via mmWave V2V relays in an overtaking traffic scenario. Based on these preparations, we propose a distributed radio resource management scheme that integrates spatial, frequency, and power domains for two transmission ranges (short/long). In the spatial domain, ZigZag antenna configuration is utilized to mitigate the interference, which plays a decisive role in the short inter-vehicle distance. In frequency and power domains, two resource blocks are allocated alternately, and transmit power is controlled to suppress the interference, which has a decisive impact on interference mitigation in the long inter-vehicle distance. Simulation results reveal that the achievable End-to-End (E2E) throughput maintains consistently higher than the required data rate for all vehicles. Most importantly, it works effectively in scalable mmWave V2V topology.

ZigZag Antenna Configuration for MmWave V2V with Relay in Typical Road Scenarios: Design, Analysis and Experiment

ZigZag Antenna Configuration for MmWave V2V with Relay in Typical Road Scenarios: Design, Analysis and Experiment

Optimization of Micro strip Patch Antenna with Zig-Zag Slot in Broadband Communication

In this paper designed and analysis of the rectangular Microstrip patch antenna for GSM band with frequency band 5.1 GHz. Primarily the designed a conventional unslotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna and measure its different parameters using simulation tools .again introduced a Zig –Zag slotted antenna with dielectric substrate 2.2 and used the centre resonance frequency of 5.1 GHz. The substrate height of the FR4 was 0.787 mm.The comparison results of slotted and unslotted antenna are achieved large bandwidth and gain.The bandwidth of 35.2 % and achieved gain is 7.18 dBi in this poposed designed antenna. To model the probe feed for the microstrip patch we used a lumped port with port impedance equal to 50 ohm. The Zig-Zag antenna developed and its performance are utilized by Zealand IE3D tools. This antenna is used in GSM application and many other communication systems.

АНАЛИЗ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПЛАНАРНОЙ ШИРОКОПОЛОСНОЙ ДВУХКОЛЬЦЕВОЙ АНТЕННЫ

The topology is presented and the electrodynamic characteristics of the linear polarization antenna in the form of two planar partially intersecting circular disks are considered. Each of these discs has a hole in the centre, and in the area of their intersection there is a narrow longitudinal rectangular slot whose axis is oriented in the direction of the centres of the holes. Results of numerical simulation of the characteristics of such an antenna are presented, discussed and compared. Broadband properties of this antenna are explained by the presence in its design of two broad partially crossed planar rings and a relatively short narrow slot, which is excited in the region of their intersection. This feature provides a sufficiently wide band of operating frequencies, both in directivity characteristics and in input impedance. In this case, the antenna has an input resistance about 50 ... 60 Ohm, which can be adjusted by changing the width of the slot and rings. For comparison, similar characteristics of small-size low-directional antennas, such as vertical monopole, slot half-wave antennas and a zigzag antenna (the Kharchenko antenna or the "Z-antenna") are also considered in this paper. It is shown that the antenna under consideration possesses, in comparison with them, improved frequency properties, both in matching at the input and in the directivity. Along with broadband, the advantages of such an antenna are: an increased value of the directivity as compared to the monopole and dipole wire structures, and also a simple manufacturing technology that gives a certain benefit in mass production.

Design of a Wideband Antenna for Wireless Network-On-Chip in Multimedia Applications

To allow fast communication—at several Gb/s—of multimedia content among processors and memories in a multi-processor system-on-chip, a new approach is emerging in literature: Wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC). With reference to this scenario, this paper presents the design of the key element of the WiNoC: the antenna. Specifically, a bow-tie antenna is proposed, which operates at mm-waves and can be implemented on-chip using the top metal layer of a conventional silicon CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology. The antenna performance is discussed in the paper and is compared to the state-of-the-art, including the zig-zag antenna topology that is typically used in literature as a reference for WiNoC. The proposed bow-tie antenna design for WiNoC stands out for its good trade-off among bandwidth, gain, size and beamwidth vs. the state-of-the-art.

Rapid Prototyping of Electrically Small Spherical Wire Antennas

It is shown how modern rapid prototyping technologies can be applied for quick and inexpensive, but still accurate, fabrication of electrically small wire antennas. A well known folded spherical helix antenna and a novel spherical zigzag antenna have been fabricated and tested, exhibiting the impedance and radiation characteristics in close agreement with those predicted numerically.

Modeling nanoscale V-shaped antennas for the design of optical phased arrays

We present a simplified numerical method to solve for the current distribution in a V-shaped antenna excited by an electric field with arbitrary polarization. The scattered far-field amplitude, phase, and polarization of the antennas are extracted. The calculation technique presented here is an efficient method for probing the large design parameter space of such antennas, which have been proposed as basic building blocks for the design of ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces. Our calculation is based on the integral equation method of moments and is validated by comparison to the results of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The computation time is approximately five orders of magnitude less than for FDTD simulations. This speed-up relies mainly on the use of the thin-wire approximation, whose domain of validity is discussed. This method can be generalized to more complex geometries such as zigzag antennas.

Log-periodic optical antennas with broadband directivity

Optical antennas offer unique possibilities for light manipulation on a sub-wavelength scale. Here, we study log-periodic antennas that exhibit broadband directivity as a result of the self-similar relation between the lengths, separations and widths of the elements. We show through numerical simulations that the log-periodic designs have a considerable potential for improvement of both directivity and operation bandwidth over classical Yagi–Uda designs. Moreover, the directivity is more robust against changes in the location of the source or detector at different antenna elements. We systematically study the influence of geometrical parameters on angular performance and local field enhancement to arrive at optimum values. Next, we demonstrate that introducing a gap in the dipole array architecture can provide at least a ten-fold enhancement of the emitted power. Finally we present an optical zigzag antenna capable of both broader spectral response and even higher directivity.

Optimal Design of Zig-Zag Antenna Using Nonlinear Segment Length and Pitch Angle

Zig-zag antennas are preferred in VHF applications. In conventional Zig-zag antenna structure the important parameters are pitch angle(α),and segment length of Zig-Zag elements. The vertex angle and segment length are constant for a conventional uniform Zig-Zag antenna. This paper proposes a methodology for optimal design of Zig-Zag antenna with nonlinear segment length and varying vertex angle for maximizing gain with circular polarization. Segment length and pitch angle of the antenna are parametrically modeled using B-Splines. Optimization is done using particle swarm optimisation(PSO) and antenna parameters are estimated using Numerical Electromagnetic Code(NEC2). The C++ source code of NEC2 software is suitably modified to incorporate spline modeling and PSO. Numerical simulation results shows that the antenna modeled by proposed method gives better gain characteristics compared to antenna with constant length and vertex angle.

Passive single chip wireless microwave pressure sensor

A novel micromachined passive wireless pressure sensor is presented. The device consists of a tuned circuit operating at 10 GHz fabricated on to a SiO 2 membrane, supported on a silicon wafer. A pressure difference across the membrane causes it to deflect so that an antenna circuit detunes. The circuit is remotely interrogated to read off the sensor data wirelessly. The chip area is 5 mm × 4 mm and the membrane area is 2 mm 2 with a thickness of 4 μm. Two on-chip passive resonant circuits were investigated: a meandered dipole and a zigzag antenna. Both have a physical length of 4.25 mm. The sensors show a shift in their resonant frequency in response to changing pressure of 10.28–10.27 GHz for the meandered dipole, and 9.61–9.58 GHz for the zigzag antenna. The sensitivities of the meandered dipole and zigzag sensors are 12.5 kHz/mbar and 16 kHz/mbar respectively.

Investigations on Miniaturized Endfire Vertically Polarized Quasi-Fractal Log-Periodic Zigzag Antenna

This paper presents the investigations on a miniaturized vertically polarized traveling wave antenna for operation in the high frequency band (3-6 MHz), with a specific requirement of keeping its height near 1/8th of a wavelength. The antenna is desired to have a good endfire gain and front to back ratio, and small radiation levels in the vertical direction at broadside angle. A log-periodic Zigzag antenna (LPZA) has acceptable performance in both gain and polarization. Its height however is large, at about one wavelength (1/spl lambda//sub L/). The concept of fractal antenna is employed in this antenna to achieve the necessary height reduction to /spl lambda//sub L//8, while keeping its radiation characteristics nearly constant. Both single and dual arm quasifractal log-periodic zigzag antenna (QFLPZA) configurations are investigated, with a maximum antenna height of only 1/8th of a wavelength, showing the desired radiation characteristics, and a wide impedance bandwidth of 67%. This type of antenna may find applications in surveillance radar.

Comparison of three different methods for coupling of microwave and terahertz signals generated by resonant laser-assisted field emission

Photomixing in resonant laser-assisted field emission can cause the emitted current to oscillate at frequencies from dc to over 100 THz, and thus shows promise for new ultrawide band devices. The signal occurs at the apex of the emitter, and we consider three methods for coupling this signal to an external load while avoiding the effects of dispersion of the bunched electron beam and the large series beam impedance (≈1 GΩ). These methods are use of (1) a tapered Goubau transmission line, (2) a dielectric transmission line, and (3) traveling-wave log-periodic zigzag antennas. We conclude that each of these methods could give an output power of 100 pW with an oscillating tunneling current of 1 μA at 10 THz. The output power is proportional to the square of the current for 100 μW with 1 mA.

Backfire mode zigzag antenna

A backfire mode zigzag antenna is analysed using the method of moments. The effects of the filament length of the zigzag on the −10 dB beam width is calculated. The zigzag antenna is applied to a symmetrical paraboloidal reflector antenna as a primary feed. The reflector antenna shows a relatively constant gain in the communication satellite frequency band 12.25 – 2.75 GHz.

Numerical analysis of an axial-mode zigzag antenna

The radiation characteristics of an axial-mode zigzag antenna are evaluated on the basis of the numerically determined current distribution. It is revealed that the frequency at which the maximum gain is obtained decreases as the number of zigzag cells is increased, and that an antenna of two zigzag cells has a high power gain of about 11 dB with a bandwidth of about 11%, although the number of zigzag cells is extremely small.

Circularly Polarized Transmitting Antenna For U. H. F.

This paper describes a combined panel antenna with an aperture of about eight wavelengths The combined antenna consists of a zigzag antenna and two collinear arrays. This antenna can be used to radiate vertically polarized, horizontally polarized waves or both, When properly phased it can be used to transmit or receive circularly polarized waves,

Analysis of infinite zig-zag antenna

An approximate expression is derived for the phase velocity of wave propagation along an infinite zig-zag antenna. It is theoretically proved that that the zig-zag antenna acts as a slow wave structure. Theoretical calculations have been made for radiation patterns and characteristic impedance

Analysis of zigzag antennas

The integral equation technique is used to find rigorous solutions of the current distributions on zigzag antennas. Through a new decomposition technique the currents are analytically separated into forward and reflected components, from which accurate k - \beta diagrams of the structures can be obtained. For the case of log-periodic antennas, the forward component of the current also gives the characteristic admittance of the antenna, which can be determined hitherto only through many measurements or calculations.

The V-Z Panel as a Side-Mounted Antenna

The side-mounted antenna array is becoming increasingly popular as a television antenna. An efficient and economical radiator for the purpose is the zig-zag panel antenna. The V-Z panel is a zig-zag antenna that is modified to produce a broader horizontal pattern. With the technique of panel skewing, practical omnidirectional arrays can be built with only three V-Z panels properly mounted around a large tower.

Directional Zig-Zag Antenna at KERO-TV, Bakersfield, California

The coverage objectives for KERO-TV's new Channel 23 UHF station at Bakersfield are outlined. The design parameters and the performance characteristics of a 10-panel zig-zag array which meets these objectives are discussed. This antenna employs an accurately controlled directional horizontal pattern to achieve a maximum power gain of 74. Operating at more than one mile above the San Joaquin Valley, this antenna enables KERO-TV to achieve its maximum legal effective radiated power of 1.76 Mw.