Zeolite Socony Research Articles

An Approach towards the Conversion of Biomass Feedstocks into Biofuel Using a Zeolite Socony Mobil-5-Based Catalysts via the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process: A Review

The conversion of biomass to biofuels as a renewable energy source is continuously gaining momentum due to the environmental concerns associated with using fossil fuels. Biomass is a cost-effective, long-term natural resource that may be converted to biofuels such as biodiesel, biogas, bio-oil, and biohydrogen using a variety of chemical, thermal, and biological methods. Thermochemical processes are one of the most advanced biomass conversion methods, with much potential and room for improvement. Among various thermochemical processes, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can convert higher water-content feedstocks into biofuel with significantly lower oxygen content and higher calorific value without requiring the biomass to be dried first. In HTL, temperature, pressure, residence time, catalyst, and solvent all play a vital role in bio-oil quality. This study provides a comprehensive review of the research and development on the effects of catalysts and the need to optimise existing catalysts for optimum biomass conversion into high-value bio-oil and other products. The catalyst of interest is ZSM-5, a heterogenous catalyst that has been seen to increase the hydrocarbon content and decrease oxygenated compounds and other unwanted by-products. The use and modification of this catalyst will play a vital role in generating renewable and carbon-neutral fuels.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Low Rank Canadian Boundary Dam Coal over ZSM‐5 and LTL Zeolites

The catalytic pyrolysis of low‐rank coal (boundary dam lignite coal) for production of valuable chemical compounds, such as aromatics, over zeolites has been investigated with promising results. In this study, primarily zeolites ZSM‐5 (zeolite socony mobil‐5) and LTL (Linde type L) were successfully synthesized by a direct hydrothermal method without using any templates, known as structure directing agents (SDAs). Various analysis methods were employed to characterize the parent and modified zeolites before catalyzing the pyrolysis of coal. The H‐form of zeolite LTL showed the best performance for phenol, methane, and hydrogen formations in slow pyrolysis of coal at a temperature range of 400–600 °C and heating rate of 5° C/min. The effect of zeolite LTL potassium content on changing the coal decomposition path is suggested to enhance the production of these compounds along with cracking activity of the acid sites of the zeolites.

GCMC simulations in zeolite MFI and activated carbon for benzene removal from exhaust gaseous streams

A set of grand canonical Monte Carlo molecular simulations has been performed over zeolite MFI (Zeolite Socony Mobil‐five) and disordered, activated carbon structures, to determine adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic characteristics of a gaseous mixture adsorbed into porous structures, activated carbon, all-silica MFI and hydrophilic FAU (Faujasite)–NaY zeolites. Simulations have been carried out over a multi-component mixture, in order to mimic a more realistic gaseous emission, when benzene has to be removed. Validation of the model has been obtained by comparison with available experimental data. Different conditions, as temperature and total pressure of the stream have been taken into account. Results give a ranking for the most appropriate process conditions, and for the best materials to be employed for the separation process. Data fitting with the Sips thermodynamic model has also been provided for benzene isotherms. Our procedure is simple and may be adapted to different temperature and pressure conditions, adsorbate or adsorbent characteristics, and gas composition.