Youth Taekwondo Research Articles

The Mediating Effect of Coping with Stress on the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Performance of Adolescent Taekwondo Players

Background/Objectives: This study was aimed to identify the effects of adolescent Taekwondo players' emotional intelligence on perceived performance and coping with stress and to verify the mediating effect of coping with stress in the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived performance. Methods/Statistical analysis: To this end, a survey was conducted on a total of 472 youth Taekwondo players registered with the Korea Taekwondo Association. For data processing, the frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Findings: First, as a result of analyzing the correlation between emotional intelligence, perceived performance and coping with stress of youth Taekwondo players, positive correlations were found in all sub-variables. Second, it was found that the emotional intelligence of youth Taekwondo players had a partial positive effect on perceived performance. Third, it was found that the emotional intelligence of youth Taekwondo players had a partial positive effect on coping with stress. Fourth, it was found that the emotional intelligence of Taekwondo players has a direct and static effect on perceived performance, but also indirectly affects perceived performance through coping with stress. Improvements/Applications: In conclusion, it was verified that emotional intelligence is an important variable that directly affects perceived athletic performance for youth Taekwondo players, while coping with stress is a variable that has an indirect effect. Therefore, instructors should be aware that Taekwondo players' performance can be improved according to their emotional intelligence and ability to cope with stress. Accordingly, it is necessary to help improve performance by identifying the emotional intelligence of each player and suggesting a stress coping plan tailored to each player. This is not limited to coaches, but it was suggested that individual players need to adjust their stress coping methods according to their emotional state.

Maturity Status and Relative Age of Elite Taekwondo Youth Competitors-Case Study on Croatian National Team.

This study examines the maturity status and relative age effect in elite youth taekwondo Croatian National Team athletes. Measurements of biological age, maturity offset, and body composition were taken from a sample of 17 junior athletes. Differences in maturity status were observed among athletes of the same chronological age, with variations in sitting height and age at peak height velocity. Male athletes generally exhibited higher values in body height, percentage of body fat, muscle mass, and total body water. No significant relative age effect was found. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual biological age and maturity status for talent development and training program adjustments. Further research involving athletes from different countries is recommended to validate these results and enhance the understanding of youth taekwondo athlete development.

Predicting the Risk of Injuries Through Assessments of Asymmetric Lower Limb Functional Performance: A Prospective Study of 415 Youth Taekwondo Athletes.

The impact of interlimb asymmetries on sport injuries is unclear because of inconsistent findings, and there is a lack of research on youth athletes and the sport of taekwondo. To examine the effects of functional interlimb asymmetries on noncontact lower limb injuries in youth athletes. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. A total of 415 taekwondo athletes (318 boys and 97 girls) aged 6 to 17 years underwent baseline testing to determine interlimb asymmetries through the single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), hop, and triple hop tests as well as the Star Excursion Balance Test. The athletes were then evaluated for 12 months to observe the occurrence of noncontact lower limb injuries. During the study, 98 athletes (70 boys and 28 girls) sustained at least 1 noncontact lower limb injury. Athletes with higher interlimb asymmetries in single-leg CMJ height showed a significantly increased risk of noncontact lower limb injuries (boys: odds ratio [OR], 1.053 [95% CI, 1.027-1.080], P < .001; girls: OR, 1.070 [95% CI, 1.016-1.128], P = .011). Asymmetry in single-leg CMJ height of ≥15.28% was found to be the cutoff point for predicting noncontact lower limb injuries in boys (OR, 4.652 [95% CI, 2.577-8.398]; P < .001). This study highlights the utility of interlimb asymmetries in unilateral jump performance as a tool for assessing the risk of noncontact lower limb injuries in youth taekwondo athletes of both sexes. A proper evaluation of interlimb asymmetries may improve prevention strategies for youth athletes.

청소년 태권도선수들의 스마트폰 중독과 훈련태도 및 운동몰입의 관계

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among smartphone addiction, training attitude, and exercise commitment of adolescent taekwondo athletes. For this purpose, data of 320 youth taekwondo players living in seoul, gyeonggi-do, incheon and were collected. the collected data, 309 copies of data were used as the final valid sample, except for 11 copies in which missing values for response responses occurred. For the processing of the collected data, descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and structural model analysis were performed using the AMOS 23.0 program, and the following results were derived. First, Smartphone addiction was found to had a negative (-) effect on training attitude. Second, Smartphone addiction did not appear to had a statistically significant effect on exercise commitment. Third, Training attitude was found to had a positive (+) effect on exercise commitment. Fourth, Smartphone addiction was found to had a negative (-) effect on exercise commitment by mediating training attitude.

A Study on Social Implications for Youth Taekwondo Education in the Metaverse Era

This study was conducted to find out in what direction cyber education is good for Taekwondo education, especially youth, and what social meaning it has in the era of Metaverse, and the following conclusions were drawn. First of all, due to COVID-19, it was possible to confirm the trend of changing the social atmosphere to a method using Metaverse, that is, cyberspace. In addition, education tailored to various Metaverse times is also required, and efforts are being made to establish a paradigm of a new era in each field of education in line with these demands. And Taekwondo is expected to have a large effect because it is smooth to switch to cyber education and has high accessibility to youth, the main learners. And the fact that individual training takes place in cyberspace is also the basis for Taekwondo to be meaningful as a major physical activity education event in the Metaverse era. And it can be seen as an effort to adapt to the new paradigm, and Simulation claimed by Baudrillard can be applied as a criterion for interpreting this meaning. Simulation can be a social theory that can reveal a new phase of education that can replace reality, and this attempt is thought to serve as a stepping stone for stable settlement in the future cyber education era.

The Relationship between Support for Autonomy of Youth Taekwondo Instructors, Burnout and Sports Moral Behavior of Athletes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the The relationship between support for autonomy of youth Taekwondo instructors, burnout and sports moral behavior of athletes. To this end, Taekwondo athletes registered by the Korea Taekwondo Association selected as a population, a survey was conducted on 280 youth Taekwondo athletes living in Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Jeonnam, and Gwangju for about six months from September 2020 to March 2021. Among them, 277 data were used for the final analysis after excluding the data of 3 athletes whose response information was omitted. As a result of this study, first, autonomy support had a negative effect (-) on burnout. Second, autonomy support had a positive effect (+) on team prosocial behavior, opponent prosocial behavior, and opponent antisocial behavior. Third, burnout had a negative effect (-) on opponent prosocial behavior, while had a positive effect (+) on team antisocial behavior and opponent antisocial behavior. Based on the above results, this study identified the relationship of perceived autonomy support, burnout, and Sport moral behavior.

A Study on Youth TAEKWONDO Revitalization Plana

Purpose: The growing number of youth Taekwondo practitioners gives them the opportunity to live a mentally and physically healthy life by learning not only the techniques of Taekwondo, but also the theory and the mind. The goal of this study is to look into ways to expand and revitalize the youth Taekwondo training population, as well as to provide basic data. Method: The electronic literature platform search was used for the research method and data collection method used to achieve the purpose of this study. After reconfirming the title and summary of each literature, the literature judged to be highly relevant to this study was finally chosen, and its validity as data was verified using triangulation with a peer expert group. Results: To revitalize youth Taekwondo, a year must be set aside to actively and extensively promote inter-esting and fun Taekwondo for youth, educate leaders about current youth popular culture, develop instructional methods, and hold Taekwondo competitions. Various competitions are held in accordance with the sports policy, including group exhibitions for underprivileged youth and women s group competitions, so it should be reviewed on a long-term basis in accordance with the understanding of sociality and the flow of popular culture. ‘Forgery’ is the conduct of fabricating non-existing data or research outcome and recording or reporting them as true and existing. Conclusion: It is critical to continue to focus on the vitalization of youth Taekwondo, and understanding and accepting youth popular culture will aid in revitalizing youth Taekwondo. It is interpreted as a problem of ac-ceptance and convergence, and it is thought that efforts should be made to support it, develop a Taekwondo training program, and nurture professional leaders, according to the flow of popular culture.

Effects of core Balance and Plyometric Training on Anaerobic Power and Dynamic Postural Stability in Youth Taekwondo Athletes

PURPOSE: Muscle strength, power, speed, postural stability, and anaerobic power are important physical fitness factors required to perform well in a taekwondo competition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of core balance and plyometric training on physical fitness in young taekwondo athletes.METHODS: Nine young taekwondo athletes participated in this program. Body composition and relative fitness (muscle power, core strength, agility, postural stability, anaerobic power, and isokinetic muscle function) were measured before and after training. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). A paired t-test (pre vs. post) was used for the analysis.RESULTS:The core strength measured by the sit-up count changed significantly after training (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05). In case of postural stability, the right absolute reach distance in the Y-balance test improved significantly after training (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.05). In case of anaerobic power, the mean power (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.01) and the peak power (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;.01) increased significantly after training.CONCLUSIONS:We demonstrated that 8 weeks of core balance and plyometric training enhanced core strength, balance, and anaerobic power in young taekwondo athletes. Our results suggest that core balance and plyometric training are effective in improving muscle strength, core strength, balance, and anaerobic power.

Convergence Analysis of the betweenBone Mineral Density, Cardiorespiratory Functional Capacity and sports injury of youth Taekwondo Athletes

Convergence Analysis of the betweenBone Mineral Density, Cardiorespiratory Functional Capacity and sports injury of youth Taekwondo Athletes

부상감시시스템을 적용한 청소년 태권도 선수의 부상

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the injury profiles in the Korean youth Taekwondo athletes following the implementation of the web-based injury surveillance system (ISS).BR Method: One hundred twenty high school students (73 males, 47 females) from the Korea Taekwondo Association participated in this study. The occurrence of injuries sustained during the 25th Korea Ministry of Defense National Taekwondo Championship was recorded using a standardized online form via WTFISS by all medical staff. The design of this study was a prospective epidemiological study.BR Results: During this Taekwondo Championship, Thirty-three injuries (19 males, 14 females, 25.00%) were reported, resulting in a total incidence rate of 56.1 / 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) in competition and practices of the youth Taekwondo athletes. The body location according to the most common type of injury among Taekwondo youth athletes was the contusion/hematoma/bruise on the upper and lower extremity. Also, the body location according to the most common mechanism of injury was contact with other players and/or something on the lower extremity. There were 21 cases (17.50%) of time loss for more than 1 day for the severity of the injury.BR Conclusion: Injury of youth taekwondo athletes occurred 25.00%, 56.1 / 1000 AEs during this Korea national Taekwondo championship, and were high in the upper and lower extremity, contusion, and contact with another player. Therefore, the continuation of the web-based ISS suggests the development of interventions for preventing injuries sustained by youth Taekwondo athletes.

Rasch 모형을 적용한 의도적 연습 척도의 문항 적합성 : 태권도 선수를 대상으로

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to validate the Deliberate Practice scale of Taekwondo athletes by applying the Rasch model.BR Method: In order to achieve this, a sample of 600 youth Taekwondo players (middle, high, university) was selected by using purposive sampling method from Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, Gangwon, and Daegu area. Data acquired from 29 Taekwondo players were excluded due to inconsistency in their responses. Therefore, the data of 571 people were used for final analysis. For data processing, frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Rasch RSM model were performed using amovi 1.0 and jMetrik 4.1.1 programBR Results: First, the real recognition scale of the Deliberate Practice satisfied one-dimensionality. Second, the scale of Deliberate Practice consisting of 5 points Likert was found to be inappropriate. Third, d6 questions of Deliberate Practice were found to be inappropriate, but all the other questions were appropriate. In terms of item difficulty, the d2 items had higher difficulty levels, and the d4 items generally had lower difficulty levels. Fourth, item difficulty through the Item-Person Map, it was found that the distribution of individual ability and the distribution of item difficulty were generally consistent in Deliberate Practice.BR Conclusion: The result of this study would provide basic data to promote the sports moral behavior of youth Taekwondo players.

부모의 애정적, 자율적 양육태도와 청소년 태권도선수의 기본심리욕구 및 스포츠 도덕행동의 관계

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among parenting attitude, basic psychological needs, and sports moral behavior of youth Taekwondo players<BR> Method: In order to achieve this, 350 youth Taekwondo players were selected by using purposive sampling from Seoul Gyeonggi area. Data acquired from 17 youth Taekwondo players were excluded due to inconsistency in their responses. Therefore, the data of 333 people were used for a final analysis. For data processing, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed using SPSS 23.0 and Amos 23.0 programs.<BR> Results: First, the parent’s affectionate rearing attitude of youth Taekwondo players had a significant positive effect on basic psychological needs. Second, the parents’ autonomous rearing attitude showed of youth Taekwondo players had a significant negative effect on basic psychological needs. Third, the parents’ affectionate rearing attitude of youth Taekwondo players had a significant positive effect on team prosocial behavior, negative effect on nonverbal behaviors, ungentlemanly behavior and no significant effect on opponent prosocial behavior a sub-factor of sports moral behavior. Fourth, the parents’ affectionate rearing attitude of youth Taekwondo players had a significant positive effect on opponent prosocial behavior, nonverbal behaviors, ungentlemanly behavior and no significant effect on team prosocial behavior a sub-factor of sports moral behavior. Fifth, the basic psychological needs of Taekwondo players had a significant positive effect on team prosocial behavior and negative effect on opponent prosocial behavior, nonverbal behaviors, ungentlemanly behavior a sub-factors of sports moral behavior.<BR> Conclusion: The result of this study would provide basic data to promote sports moral behavior of youth Taekwondo players.

The effects of Controlling Coaching Behavior on Normal Depression and Burnout of Youth Taekwondo Players

The effects of Controlling Coaching Behavior on Normal Depression and Burnout of Youth Taekwondo Players

Effects of a greater incentive to attack the head and face region on incidence of head kicks and concussions among male youth taekwondo competitors.

In an attempt to improve the technical quality of sparring taekwondo, the World Taekwondo Federation has amended the competition rule for a head kick (HK), increasing the number of points awarded for this type of attack. The purpose of the current study was to: 1) evaluate the incidence of HKs and concussions; and 2) identify potential risk factors of concussions in sparring taekwondo. A postmatch, interview-based prospective cohort study was conducted with 145 sparring taekwondo athletes (12-16 years of age) who: 1) competed at a 2018 sparring-Taekwondo tournament; and 2) received a valid HK during competition. Incidence rates of HKs and concussions were estimated; possible risk factors or prognosticators of concussions were also analyzed using the chi-square test and binary logistic analysis. Incidence rates of HKs and concussions were 133.5 (95% CI: 113.3-153.8) and 41.4 (95% CI: 29.6-53.3) per 1000 athlete-exposures, respectively. The binary logistic model revealed that athletes with no prior concussion history were less likely to experience a concussion (OR, 0.27; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7). Although the incidence rates of HKs and concussions are considerably high, they are not increased compared with the results of pre-2009 studies. Therefore, the new competition rule relating to HKs did not appear to increase the incidence rates of HKs or concussions in our research participants. To prevent adverse effects related to repetitive HKs and concussions, continuous research is needed.

Effects of polyphenol (carob) supplementation on body composition and aerobic capacity in taekwondo athletes

Herbal products and supplements use by athletes has increased over the past decade. One such item being polyphenols. These are reported to reduce weight and modify body composition, which could aid athletes in many sports. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks supplementation with carob, a naturally occurring polyphenol, on body composition and aerobic capacity in youth taekwondo athletes. Twenty-three taekwondo athletes (21.9 ± 1.2 years; 1.64 ± 0.03 m; 67.4 ± 17.3 kg;BMI: 22.8 ± 5.5 kg/m2) participated in a short-term (6-week) double-blind randomized design parallel fully controlled training study (pre-to-post measurements): Supplemented group (SG), n = 11;placebo group (PG), n = 12. Body composition, aerobic capacity, heart rate and RPE were analyzed before and after 6 weeks of carob rich polyphenol ingestion. Significantly greater decreases in weight were observed for SG and PG (−2.82% and − 0.51%respectively) with differences between groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences were reported in percentage body fat and muscular volume between groups. Our results revealed an improvement of aerobic performance score and RPE with differences between groups. A cute polyphenol supplementation seemed to be effective in reducing body weight and improving aerobic performance in athletes.

Verification of Ego-Resilience and Autonomy Support Effects in Relationship between Stress and Athlete Burnout of Youth Taekwondo Players

Verification of Ego-Resilience and Autonomy Support Effects in Relationship between Stress and Athlete Burnout of Youth Taekwondo Players

청소년 태권도 선수의 자기관리와 스포츠자신감 및 인지된경기력의 관계

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between self – management, sports confidence and perceived performance of youth Taekwondo players and to provide basic data that can contribute to the development of Taekwondo players. The subjects of this study were 237 middle school and high school taekwondo athletes. The results were as follows.BR First, as a result of examining the correlation between self – management and sport self – confidence, there was a significant positive correlation between ability management attitude, social support, and coaching leadership in training management and interpersonal management, and interpersonal management showed significant positive correlation.BR Second, the effect of self – management on perceived performance was found to have a statistically significant effect on perceived performance of body, training, and mental management.BR Third, as a result of examining the influence of sports self – confidence on perceived performance, it was found that all factors of sports self – confidence had no significant effect on perceived performance.BR

청소년 태권도 지도자의 리더십 유형이 중학생 태권도 선수의 훈련몰입과 훈련만족에 미치는 영향

청소년 태권도 지도자의 리더십 유형이 중학생 태권도 선수의 훈련몰입과 훈련만족에 미치는 영향

Salivary alpha-amylase, salivary cortisol, and anxiety during a youth taekwondo championship

The aim of this study was to assess the stress-related responses and the coach's capability to match perceived efforts of youth athletes during a taekwondo championship.Using a cross-sectional study design, salivary cortisol (sC) and alpha-amylase (sAA) were measured in 6 males and 3 females young (11.0 ± 0.9 years) athletes at awakening, 5 minutes before, and 1 minute and 30 minutes after official combats. State anxiety was recorded 60 minutes before the first competition, whereas coach's and athletes’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained at the end of the combats. Time-matched (awakening and pre-competition) salivary samples and trait anxiety were collected 7-day postcompetition during a resting day.No effect for match outcome emerged. No difference emerged between athletes and coach RPEs. Higher (P = .03) state anxiety (41.6 ± 10.9 points) was shown than trait anxiety (34.8 ± 7.1 points). Time-matched sAA were similar. Peak sAA observed at the end of the combat (114.2 ± 108.1 U/mL) was higher (P < .01) than the other samples (range: 20.6–48.1 U/mL), whereas sC increased (P < .05) from awakening (8.0 ± 1.5 nmol/L), with peak levels observed at 30 minutes into the recovery phase (19.3 ± 4.3 nmol/L). Furthermore, pre-competition sC (16.5 ± 4.5 nmol/L) values were higher (P < .01) with respect to time-matched samples during the resting day (4.6 ± 1.0 nmol/L). The 3 athletes engaged in consecutive matches showed a tendency toward increasing sAA and sC.Taekwondo combats pose a high stress on young athletes, eliciting a fast reactivity of the sympathetic-adreno-medullary system relative to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system. Understanding the athlete's efforts during combats, coaches are recommended to apply effective recovery strategies between matches.

청소년 태권도 선수들의 운동열정과 자기관리 및 스포츠 자신감의 관계

This study aims to analyze the impact of Passion and self-management strategy on sport confidence in Youth Taekwondo players and provide basic data helpful for improving their ability to play Taekwondo, and resultingly, our conclusions can be drawn as follows. For this purpose, the subjects were selected via purposive sampling method of nonprobability sampling with 502 Youth Taekwondo athletes. The collected data were analyzed with reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation analysis through SPSS 21.0, SPSS PROCESS Macro, AMOS 21.0 program. Results are summarized as below: First of all, Passion of the players had positive effect on Sport confidence. Secondly, passion of the players had positive effect on Self-Management, and Self- Management had positively affect Sport confidence. Lastly, Self-Management of the players mediated the relationship between Passion and Sport confidence.