City Youth Research Articles

The Role of Networks in Mobilization for Ethnic Minority Interest Parties

AbstractRecently, parties that are run by and for ethnic minority citizens with a migration background have become more prominent. They can be considered a manifestation of ethnic political segregation. A key example of such a party is DENK in the Netherlands. So far, the explanatory literature has focused on how programmatic considerations drives voting for these parties. Other factors, such as the role of social networks in mobilization, have received limited testing and limited exploration in more detail. Furthermore, the literature on social networks is mainly based on majority populations. To inform our understanding of the role of social networks in voting (in general but also particularly among ethnic minority communities and for ethnic minority interest parties) this paper analyzes the voting behavior for DENK focusing on the role of personal, online and religious networks. The paper uses both qualitative interviews (with bicultural youth in the third largest city of the Netherlands in 2022) and quantitative surveys (the 2021 Dutch Ethnic Minority Electoral Study). Our analysis points to the importance of religious and personal networks for voting for DENK, whereas online networks appear to be less relevant.

Peran Pemerintah dalam Pelestarian Kesenian Ludruk di Surabaya

Ludruk is a native East Javanese folk art originating from Jombang, but is also a typical Surabaya cultural mascot. Ludruk is a traditional drama performed by an arts group on a stage based on stories about people's daily lives. Ludruk art is part of East Java's rich and unique cultural heritage. Its preservation is important to maintain local cultural identity which can be a valuable asset for the community, due to the threat of loss and extinction. Ludruk is not only an artistic performance, but is also part of social life and preserving the community's identity can help strengthen a sense of solidarity and pride in local culture. . By choosing this topic, researchers can make a meaningful contribution to efforts to preserve and promote the desirability of ludruk art for the future. This research method is descriptive qualitative by collecting primary data through in-depth interviews and observations from related informants. Based on the research results that: 1. The role of the Surabaya City Culture, Youth and Sports and Tourism Department (Disbudporapar) as a regulator, plays a significant role in supporting arts and cultural activities in the preservation of ludruk art, ensuring that this traditional art remains alive and growing among young generation in ASPK policy.2. The role of the Department of Culture, Youth and Sports and Tourism of the City of Surabaya (Disbudporapar) as a facilitator, currently there is still a lack of support and facilities, allowing regeneration, regeneration of ludruk artists to be slow, competition with modern media, limited training: training programs are often undirected and inconsistent. 3. The role of the Department of Culture, Youth and Sports and Tourism of the City of Surabaya (Disbudporapar) as a dynamist, has been running well, but the current condition is that many ludruk groups in Surabaya have arts registration marks (TDK) and are registered at Disbudporapar. However, many of them have already died and Ludruk performances currently only rely on invitations from the Surabaya City Youth and Sports Culture Service (Disbudporapar).

Psycho-spatial predictors of drug use among Inner City Youths in Uyo

This study examined psycho-spaal predictors (psychological – opmisc bias and stress: spaal-drug availability, neighborhood density and proximity) of drug use among inner city youths of Uyo. A descripve cross-seconal survey design was used to interview 228 youths in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Parcipants, with an average age of 31.46, were 75% male. A standardized quesonnaire, consisng of Drug Use Disorder Idenficaon Test (DUDIT), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the Revised Life Orientaon Test-Revised (LOT-R) were used for data collecon. Drug availability was assessed in this study in terms of ease of difficulty in obtaining the drug ranging from very easy to very difficult. Environmental proximity was assessed by asking the respondents the proximity between their residence and where the drug they used are sold- ranging from “On the same street” to “not available in my neighborhood”. Neighborhood density was assessed by asking the respondents their area of residence in Uyo – as high density or low density. Result showed that drug availability [β= -4.23; t = - 4.22; p < 0.05] stress level [β=0.33; t =2.96; p < 0.05] and opmisc bias [β= - 0.52; t=-3.18; p< 0.05] predicted drug use. The study concluded that these psychospaal variables are very important in understanding drug use among young persons and the need to situate intervenon within this psychospaal domain was emphasized.

50 Co-designing an intervention with asylum seeking youth to improve access to healthcare in Canada using human-centered design

Abstract Background Asylum seeking youth in Canada and the United States face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare, leaving them at greater risk of worse health outcomes. In a previous study, we found that limited knowledge of the Canadian health care system and few navigation supports were a key barrier to care for asylum seeking youth, yet no youth-developed intervention existed to support this population. Human-centered design (HCD) develops meaningful interventions with communities who have been historically marginalized. Objectives This study sought to co-design an intervention to increase youth empowerment and access to health care for asylum seeking youth in Canada. Design/Methods This was a community-based participatory-action research (CBPAR) study, and combined human-centered design (HCD) methodologies. We obtained research ethics board approval for this study (#SMH REB 22-117). In partnership with two community organizations that supported asylum seeking youth in a large Canadian city, a youth advisory board was created. In multiple co-creation sessions over a calendar year, an intervention was developed in rapid prototyping sessions and refined with feedback, to develop a final pilot intervention. Results A total of 7 asylum-seeking youth participated in the youth advisory board, ranging in age from 12-19, representing 3 different languages and included youth who self-identified with chronic medical conditions. Over a 15-month period, they participated in 6 co-creation sessions to develop a multi-lingual, web-based tool; youth specifically stated they did not believe an app would be helpful, but rather a resource that could be easily accessed. The youth advisory board shared they had limited understanding of the Canadian healthcare system, as well as interim and provincial health insurance. Youth felt the tool should answer questions about how health insurance worked, be brightly colored, use dyslexia-friendly font and be easily saved on a smartphone as an image. A multi-lingual wallet card was developed for youth to easily present at healthcare encounters, particularly if they did not have provincial health insurance, to help youth communicate their coverage, language and needs. Conclusion To our knowledge, we developed the first co-designed tool in Canada for youth asylum seekers, by youth, to improve and empower youth to receive health care services they are entitled to through navigation support. Given the high degree of marginalization faced by asylum seeking youth, this intervention has the promise to improve health outcomes. Feasibility and acceptability of this study will be evaluated in subsequent studies.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Budaya Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada Dinas Pariwisata Pemuda Dan Olahraga Kota Payakumbuh

This research aims to analyze and test the influence of competence, professionalism on performance with work culture as a moderating variable at the Payakumbuh City Youth and Sports Tourism Office. This type of research is quantitative research. This sample is all employees of the Payakumbuh City Tourism, Youth and Sports Department. The sampling method uses the census method, where all members of the population are used as research samples. This research uses primary data obtained through questionnaires delivered directly to all employees of the Payakumbuh City Tourism, Youth and Sports Department totaling 62 questionnaires and all respondents returned the questionnaires. The data was processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using the SmartPLS application. The research results show that competence has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Then other results show that professionalism has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Competency which is moderated by work culture has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, professionalism moderated by work culture has a positive and insignificant effect on the performance of employees of the Payakumbuh City Tourism, Youth and Sports Department.

Parental incarceration and adolescent food insecurity.

There is a causal relationship between parental incarceration (PI) and childhood food insecurity (FI). This is a pressing policy issue given that public assistance designed to curb hunger (i.e., Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) is often revoked due to incarceration which, on top of the removal of a household income source, can significantly alter children's food access. Yet questions remain regarding the prevalence of FI among youth with incarcerated parents, as well as the interplay of parent-child coresidence, race/ethnicity, and geographic region. Data come from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey, a statewide sample of adolescents (N = 112,554). Youth self-reported experiences of PI, parent-child coresidence at the time of incarceration, past-month FI, and race/ethnicity. Based on school districts, regions were classified as city, suburb, town, or rural. Youth with currently and formerly incarcerated parents reported significantly higher rates of FI (18.11% and 10.41%, respectively) compared to peers who never experienced PI (2.84%; ORs = 7.56 and 3.97, respectively). Among youth with currently incarcerated parents, rates of FI were highest among those who lived with the parent at the time of incarceration (21.79%) compared to those who did not (13.98%). Youth of color and city youth were more likely to experience FI in contexts of PI. Findings extend the link between PI and child FI. The evidence is concerning given FI's heightened risk for chronic health conditions, which may be compounded by trauma and systemic injustice. This work has implications for policies that expand, rather than reduce, food access and financial assistance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Resistance and Transformative Possibilities: New York City Youth’s Photo-Narrative Exploration of Belonging and Othering

Resistance and Transformative Possibilities: New York City Youth’s Photo-Narrative Exploration of Belonging and Othering

City-Level Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes and Youth Body Mass Index Percentile

Levying excise taxes on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) distributors, which are subsequently passed on to consumers, is a policy implemented to reduce the high prevalence of cardiometabolic disease and generate public health funding. Taxes are associated with lower SSB purchases and consumption, but it is unknown whether they are associated with weight-related outcomes in youth. To determine the association of SSB excise taxes with youth body mass index (BMI) trajectories. This cohort study was conducted from 2009 to 2020, including 6 years before tax implementation and 4 to 6 years after tax implementation. The California cities of Albany, Berkeley, Oakland, and San Francisco, which implemented SSB excise taxes, were compared against 40 demographically matched control cities in California. Participants included Kaiser Permanente members aged 2 to 19 years at cohort entry (baseline) with continuous residence in selected cities with at least 1 pretax and 1 posttax BMI recorded in their electronic health record. Data analysis was performed from January 2021 to May 2023. Implementation of SSB excise taxes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age-specific and sex-specific BMI percentiles and percentage of youth with overweight or obesity before tax implementation through 4 to 6 years after implementation were compared with control cities. Statistical analysis was conducted using the difference-in-differences (DID) method. A sensitivity analysis used the synthetic control method. A total of 44 771 youth (mean [SD] age at baseline, 6.4 [4.2] years; 22 337 female [49.9%]) resided in the cities with SSB taxes; 345 428 youth (mean [SD] age, 6.9 [4.2] years; 171 0168 female [49.5%]) resided in control cities. There was a -1.64-percentage point (95% CI, -3.10 to -0.17 percentage points) overall difference in the mean change of BMI percentile between exposure and control cities after SSB tax implementation. There was no significant overall difference in the percentage of youth with overweight or obesity or youth with obesity compared with control cities. All DID estimates were significant for youth residing in exposure cities in terms of BMI percentile (age 2-5 years in 2017, -2.06 percentage points [95% CI, -4.04 to -0.09 percentage points]; age 6-11 years in 2017, -2.79 percentage points [95% CI, -4.29 to -1.30 percentage points]), percentages of youth with overweight or obesity (age 2-5 years, -5.46 percentage points [95% CI, -8.47 to -2.44 percentage points]; age 6-11 years, -4.23 percentage points [95% CI, -6.90 to -1.57 percentage points]), and percentages of youth with obesity (age 2-5 years; -1.87 percentage points [95% CI, -3.36 to -0.38 percentage points]; age 6-11 years, -1.85 percentage points [95% CI, -3.46 to -0.24 percentage points]). Compared with control cities, changes in mean BMI percentiles were significant for male (-1.98 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.48 to -0.48 percentage points), Asian (-1.63 percentage points; 95% CI, -3.10 to -0.16 percentage points), and White (-2.58 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.11 to -1.10 percentage points) youth. Compared with control cities, White youth in exposure cities had improvements in the percentage with overweight or obesity (-3.73 percentage points; 95% CI, -6.11 to -1.35 percentage points) and the percentage with obesity (-2.78 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.18 to -1.37 percentage points). In this cohort study, SSB excise taxes were associated with lower BMI percentile among youth. Policymakers should consider implementing SSB excise taxes to prevent or reduce youth overweight and obesity and, ultimately, chronic disease, particularly among children younger than 12 years.

Peran Organisasi Satuan Siswa Pelajar dan Mahasiswa Pemuda Pancasila dalam Menangkal Paham Radikalisme pada Mahasiswa

The purpose of writing the article is to discuss the role of the Pancasila Student and Youth Student Unit organization at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University in countering radicalism among students. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data collection uses observation techniques, interviews, and documentation studies. The role of organizations is to ward off radicalism among students through counterradicalization efforts, namely by counter-ideology, counternarrative, and counterpropaganda. Counter-radicalization is carried out by carrying out several activities, namely through organizational introduction orientation activities, routine studies, public discussions, consolidations, orations, posting press releases and study materials, as well as campaigns on the dangers of radicalism. Supporting factors for implementing activities are coordination with the Serang City Pancasila Student and Youth Student Unit and sub-commissariats in the faculty, and collaboration with other organizations. The inhibiting factors faced are the existence of inactive cadres and the lack of participation from students.

Research On the Housing Problems of New Residents and Youth in First-Tier Cities and Exploration of Countermeasures--Based on Shenzhen, China

Research On the Housing Problems of New Residents and Youth in First-Tier Cities and Exploration of Countermeasures--Based on Shenzhen, China

The Association Between a Neighborhood Adverse Childhood Experiences Index and Body Mass Index Among New York City Youth.

Background: The role of neighborhood factors in the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and body mass index (BMI) has not been widely studied. A neighborhood ACEs index (NAI) captures neighborhood environment factors associated with ACE exposure. This study examined associations between BMI and an NAI among New York City (NYC) youth. An exploratory objective examined the NAI geographic distribution across NYC neighborhoods. Methods: Data for students attending NYC public general education schools in kindergarten-12th grade from 2006-2017 (n = 1,753,867) were linked to 25 geospatial datasets capturing neighborhood characteristics for every census tract in NYC. Multivariable hierarchical linear regression tested associations between BMI and the NAI; analyses also were conducted by young (<8 years), school age (8-12 years), and adolescent (>12 years) subgroups. In addition, NAI was mapped by census tract, and local Moran's I identified clusters of high and low NAI neighborhoods. Results: Higher BMI was associated with higher NAI across all sex and age groups, with largest magnitude of associations for girls (medium NAI vs. low NAI: unstandardized β = 0.112 (SE 0.008), standardized β [effect size]=0.097, p < 0.001; high NAI vs. low NAI: unstandardized β = 0.195 (SE 0.008), standardized β = 0.178, p < 0.001) and adolescents (medium NAI vs. low NAI: unstandardized β = 0.189 (SE 0.014), standardized β = 0.161, p < 0.001, high NAI vs. low NAI: unstandardized β = 0.364 (SE 0.015), standardized β = 0.334, p < 0.001 for adolescent girls; medium NAI vs. low NAI: unstandardized β = 0.122 (SE 0.014), standardized β = 0.095, p < 0.001, high NAI vs. low NAI: unstandardized β = 0.217 (SE 0.015), standardized β = 0.187, p < 0.001 for adolescent boys). Each borough of NYC included clusters of neighborhoods with higher and lower NAI exposure, although clusters varied in size and patterns of geographic dispersion across boroughs. Conclusions: A spatial index capturing neighborhood environment factors associated with ACE exposure is associated with higher BMI among NYC youth. Findings complement prior literature about relationships between neighborhood environment and obesity risk, existing research documenting ACE-obesity associations, and the potential for neighborhood factors to be a source of adversity. Collectively, evidence suggests that trauma-informed place-based obesity reduction efforts merit further exploration as potential means to interrupt ACE-obesity associations.

Unemployment, hustling, and waithood: exploring Zimbabwean urban male youth’s utilisation of ICT in soccer betting

This article explores how urban male youth in Zimbabwe have created economies of hustle and waithood through soccer betting to ensure alternative means of survival in a country facing rapid urban growth and endless economic challenges. Data were collected using a combination of ethnographic methods, including participant and non-participant observations, betting experimentation, and informal conversations. The findings show that urban male youth in Zimbabwean cities use a variety of skills in soccer betting to increase their chances of winning and earning a living through informal economic activities while waiting for employment opportunities. The findings also demonstrate the intellectual genius and streetwise resourcefulness of young people, as they incorporate research, digital, and networking competencies to decide and place their bets. The article concludes that soccer betting is not only part of Zimbabwe’s economies of hustle, leisure, and waithood but also central in influencing the adoption of ICT products and digital skills among male youths in Zimbabwe.

Marital Selection Criteria among a Sample of Youth in Al-Dawadmi City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Marital Selection Criteria among a Sample of Youth in Al-Dawadmi City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

지자체 청소년 진로체험 프로그램 운영과정 질적 사례연구

Objectives This study conducted a qualitative case study focusing on the Future City Youth Career Fair to reveal the operation process of the local government youth career experience program and the characteristics and meaning of the process. Methods Qualitative research was conducted to understand the operation process of local government youth career programs, and data were collected through participatory observation and in-depth interview research techniques. Results As a result of the research analysis, the three-step operation process of “prepare urgently,” “concurrently proceeding with other festivals,” and “finishing quickly and planning the next year” appeared. In addition, characteristics of the career program operation process were “setting trendy popular career content,” “lack of collaboration with school and local youth career-related organizations,” and “a lot of participation and relatively weak presence” due to simultaneous holding of other festivals. Conclusions Accordingly, this study suggested that local governments need to investigate, analyze, and develop experience programs for career experience content, urge close networks and collaboration with schools and related organizations, and carefully analyze the pros and cons of holding solo and holding other events when promoting large-scale career experience programs, such as career fairs or career festivals, predict the results of both sides and choose whether to hold them simultaneously.

Fragmentation, diversity, and inequality: the city and everyday youth culture

ABSTRACT This study examines a lesser explored area of research involving the interaction between young people and culture in an Indian city, Pune. By looking at young peoples’ conceptions about the city and their everyday cultural participation, we show that the city is culturally divided on the lines of language, spatiality, class, and status, and these further interact with each other in complicated ways. For young people in Pune city, English and Marathi are set in an unequal relationship, however there is a disagreement on the place of these languages in this relationship. Further, the recent young migrants showed ‘in-betweenness’ in their cultural imaginations about the rural and the urban. Young people’s everyday cultural interactions happened through family, friends, and the internet. Diversities, inequalities, and tensions marked those processes. Their families’ differential access to cultural capital shaped their cultural socialisation and opportunities in cultural fields. They saw engagement with the digital world as inevitable; but recognising the difference between the virtual and the real worlds, they involved themselves in online debates only with persons with whom they had some real-world connections. We further show that along with socio-economic inequalities, young people are fragmented at the cultural level too, and they navigate these different cultural worlds.

Associations between green space availability and youth’s physical activity in urban and rural areas across Germany

Green space may be an important physical activity facilitator for children and adolescents. However, to date, most studies focused on urban green space, and few studies investigated associations between green space and physical activity across urban and rural areas, which was the goal of this study. Data were obtained from a German cohort study, including 1,211 youth aged 6–17 years. Residential green space was assessed within a 1000 m street-network buffer using land cover and land use data and divided into quartiles, urbanicity using the European Urbanization Degree, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using accelerometers. Associations were investigated via linear regression analysis stratified by urbanicity degree, controlling for relevant confounders. We found that in rural areas, compared to youth in the bottom green quartile, those within the middle (2nd) and upper (3rd) green quartiles engaged in less MVPA. This relationship was not observed for youth in towns and cities. Interactions occurred between green space and socio-demographic characteristics for children and adolescents in cities: Compared to the bottom green quartile, boys or younger children within the middle green quartile engaged in more MVPA. However, socially disadvantaged children and adolescents in cities engaged in less MVPA in the upper compared to the bottom green quartile. Our results show that associations between green space and MVPA do not only differ between urban and rural areas but also among youth sub-populations. These findings are important to consider for planning policies to create inclusive active living environments across urban and rural areas.

Edukasi Tentang Pendewasaan Usia Perkawinan Pada Kelompok Pusat Informasi dan Konseling Remaja di Kota Bontang

The still high rate of early childhood marriage is a challenge for the East Kalimantan government, especially in Bontang City. Based on data from the Public Relations of the Bontang Religious Court, there were 31 requests for marriage dispensation in Bontang City in 2022. This community service aims to inform people about the age of marriage and provide awareness about the dangers of marriages performed below the ideal age. In collaboration with the Bontang City Indonesian Genre Forum under the auspices of the Bontang City Women's Empowerment and Family Planning Service, community service activities were carried out by providing counseling and attended by 33 participants representing the Bontang City Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK) Group. It is hoped that the results of this activity will broaden participants' understanding of the ideal age limit for marriage and the potential problems that will arise from early marriage.

The effect of the local economic context and local public services on financial satisfaction among youth in European cities.

The post-2008 economic recovery period has seen varying degrees of improvement in the well-being of young individuals across different countries, regions, and cities of the EU. This study contributes to the literature on the geography of well-being by examining the impact of urban economic contexts on the subjective well-being of youth in Europe, a topic that has received limited attention so far. Specifically, we investigate how the local economic context has affected financial satisfaction among the young (15-35 age group) in European cities during the recovery period after the economic crisis. We study whether living in a city with better opportunities in the labor market, on the housing market, or with better local services (e.g., education or health care) affect financial satisfaction among the young. We carried out multilevel analysis of financial satisfaction among young adults on data from the Quality of Life in European Cities survey (years 2012, 2015, 2019), which asks about aspects of quality of life among a representative sample of the population in a large number of cities in EU Member States. Overall, the results suggest that a better labor market context (where it is in general easier to find a job) has a statistically significant positive effect on financial satisfaction among the young. Our results also show that satisfaction with the financial situation among young adults is significantly higher in cities with a higher quality of local social services. On the other hand, we have found only small (and statistically non-significant) contextual effect related to the local housing market.

Direction of Korean Youth Policy Seen through Youth Guarantee and AmeriCorps: Policy Proposal That Does Not Miss Out on Vulnerable Groups

Youth period has become much longer than before, and difficulties lurk in various areas such as society, economy, jobs, human relationships, and family issues. In order to properly understand the lives of young people and prepare policies that can be understood by young people, we investigated the cases of the European Union's Youth Guarantee System and the AmeriCorps of USA. The EU implemented the Youth Guarantee in 2013, and the United States reorganized its youth policy in 2008, the 20th anniversary of the launch of the Youth Policy Forum. The characteristic of both systems is that they address the problems of youth in general and face the problems of vulnerable groups. Although it may seem a bit loose as a benefit-type policy for the vulnerable, it aims for a long-term strategy based on the inclusion of vulnerable youth in the overall youth population. Our country's youth policy is just getting started. We investigated Seoul City's youth policy, which is known to be the most active among the policies of the central government and local governments in the early stages of the policy. Based on the current policy, we hope to prepare a policy that includes the voices of young people and provides equal support to vulnerable groups.

Decision Making in the Real World: Unpacking the Black Box of the Decision Process for Youth Violence

Criminologists typically test rational choice theory by examining the relationship between one aspect of decision making—the perceived costs and benefits of crime—and the likelihood of crime, primarily using (experimental) surveys that lack consideration of the neighborhood context. Building on decades of research in the risk and decision sciences, the current study utilizes broader models of decision making to qualitatively examine how youth living in concentrated disadvantage make decisions during incidents of violence. Our thematic analysis of 22 in-depth interviews with youth in a midsize midwestern city indicates that the decision process regarding violence is much more complex than previously theorized.