Youth Employment Rate Research Articles

The Influence of Demographics and Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA) Employment and Training Services on Employment Outcomes for Teenagers Receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Their Parents

Transition age youth with disabilities and their families can access a variety of Workforce Innovation Opportunity Act (WIOA)-funded employment and training services. This study evaluated the impact of these services on youth and parent employment outcomes. These services were coordinated as part of the Wisconsin Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) federal demonstration grant. Youth with disabilities receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits were randomly assigned to ‘usual’ services, including those available through school and vocational rehabilitation (VR) transition services, or ‘enhanced’ case management and transition services through the Wisconsin PROMISE demonstration. Parents who consented to participate could receive educational, employment, and financial self-sufficiency services and support through the Family Service Plan (FSP) connected to the youth’s PROMISE VR case. Youth and parents could also choose to receive WIOA Title I and Title III employment and training services, as well as Youth Apprenticeship, available through the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development’s Division of Employment and Training (DET). A hierarchical logistic regression analysis demonstrated that VR services predicted higher youth employment rates and DET services predicted higher youth and parent employment rates. A linear regression analysis demonstrated that PROMISE services predicted higher youth wages and DET services predicted higher youth and parent employment wages. Findings suggest the coordination of employment-focused services across programs leads to increases in employment outcomes. Limitations and implications are discussed regarding the relationship between VR services, DET employment and training services, and employment outcomes.

The Importance of Work Preparation for Residents of Babakan Banten Hamlet: Building Personal Branding and Writing CV

Purpose: This study underscores the importance of work preparation before entering the workforce, focusing on personal branding and skills crucial for professional success. Addressing Babakan Banten Hamlet residents' need for work readiness awareness, it guides youth in crafting effective CVs and job application letters. Utilizing mixed methods, qualitative interviews, and quantitative surveys assess community needs and program efficacy perceptions.
 Method: Community engagement involves workshops for 17 to 22-year-olds. Data collected through observation and surveys assesses training effectiveness.
 Practical Applications: This research empowers participants for better job market entry, improved job application outcomes, and potentially higher youth employment rates, contributing to community growth. It also informs similar community development approaches.
 Conclusion: This activity strives to prepare Babakan Banten Hamlet's youth for the workforce through essential skills training. Its potential impact on employability and community well-being underscores the importance of targeted engagement in addressing specific challenges.

How do tuition fee increases affect international mobility? The case of European Union students in England

AbstractThis paper presents a descriptive analysis of the impact of tuition fee increases in England on the full‐degree mobility of undergraduate students from the European Union. First, we investigated whether the increase in tuition fees reduced the number of EU students in English higher education institutions. Our analysis shows that, on average, English universities suffered a sudden drop in EU enrolments in 2012/13 but recovered and then expanded their pre‐2012 enrolment levels in subsequent academic years. We observe that those English universities regarded as less prestigious experienced the sharpest decline and took longer to recover their pre‐2012 numbers. Second, we examined how changes in enrolment are associated with EU countries' macro‐level characteristics, using the push‐pull model framework. While there was a significant decrease in the number of students from Northern and Western European countries attending English universities after 2012, the tuition fee increase did not impact the number of students coming from Southern Europe. We found an association between EU countries' youth employment rates and higher education system characteristics with changes in enrolment in English universities. By examining the effect of changes in the tuition fee policy on international student mobility, our research provides new evidence on how tuition fee policies might change the behaviour of students.

Neighbourhood effects and determinants of population changes in Italy: A spatial perspective

Population trends in Italy are strongly spatially differentiated, with some munic- ipalities showing a systematic loss of population, and others showing an equally continuous demographic increase. Here, we focus our attention on the spatial dimension of population change, looking at how different socio-economic and demographic dimensions affect population changes, as well as their spatial effects. After performing a preliminary descriptive analysis of the trends of population growth and decline in Italy over the last 40 years and the relevant demographic components, we used a spatial Durbin model (SDM) to investigate the potential existence of a diffusion process and the determinants of the average annual growth rate between 2011 and 2019 at the municipal level. The spatial dimension and local heterogeneities in Italy were found to be highly relevant in the analysis of population decline. Moreover, we examined the relationship between demographic, social and economic factors and the demographic growth/decline of municipalities in the subsequent 10 years. Among the different covariates included in the model, the demographic composition of the population, the female activity rate, the youth employment rate and the presence/absence of a school proved to be strongly related to population growth and decline in Italian municipalities.

The Impact of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act on Agency-Level Vocational Rehabilitation Outcomes for Adults and Youth With Blindness and Low Vision

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the U.S. Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) on outcomes (competitive employment rates and median earnings) for adult and youth vocational rehabilitation consumers with blindness or low vision (B/LV) and to determine whether impacts differed by agency type. We utilized RSA-911 data to create two agency-level longitudinal datasets, one for youth and one for adults, with 6-year pre-WIOA and 3-year post-WIOA periods. Data were analyzed using discontinuous growth modeling to assess longitudinal changes in agency-level outcomes through the inclusion of variables representing WIOA and subsequent change in response to WIOA. After WIOA, both youth and adult agency-level competitive employment rates decreased significantly for consumers with B/LV, with a larger impact on youth, and median earnings increased. Results document that the impact of WIOA on agencies varied widely. Separate agencies had a significant decrease in adult competitive employment rates for consumers with B/LV and a significant increase in median earnings compared with combined agencies. Overall, the influence of WIOA on B/LV consumer outcomes appears to be mixed at best, and the effect is surprisingly similar for youth and adults.

Optimization of the Decision-Making System for Advertising Strategies of Small Enterprises—Focusing on Company A

In the post-COVID-19 era, the founding rates of micro enterprises and startups will increase due to the low youth employment rates and increased retirement of baby boomers. Therefore, the portion of small enterprises among all enterprises is expected to grow. The rapid change in consumption patterns due to the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the entry of small enterprises into the online advertising market. However, advertising costs spent in running the businesses are taking up a large portion of their sales budgets due to intense competition and various advertising platforms. This study examines the decision-making system to optimize advertising expenditures considering the difference in advertising costs depending on various media types and keywords based on limited advertising budgets for stable management of small enterprises. To this end, this study modeled the advertising system of small enterprise A (Company A) with system dynamics and used the Java-based simulation software AnyLogic. Through simulation modeling, we conducted optimization analysis of two scenarios, maximum buyers and minimum advertising costs, in the post-COVID-19 era. Based on the results, this study forecast the conditions for optimization of decision-making in each advertising platform.

The Vision for the Future of Asteroid Mining

In recent years, the contradictions between various energy problems, environmental problems and human development have become more and more intensive, and the imbalance distribution of natural resources in various countries has become severe. In order to address these problems, the concept of asteroid mining came into being, which brings people the hope of obtaining resources from outer space. In this paper, we model global equity in the context of asteroid mining, and ask how people's lives could be improved. What will happen to the fairness of the world? First, in order to build a model to measure global equity, we select some indicators according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of human needs theory, including happy-planet-index, youth employment rate, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and the proportion of female students to male students in higher education in 2021 of eight zones to construct the EWM-TOPSIS model, results illustrate that UK is the most unfair country and Japan is the fairest country. The equity indexes is classified into three levels, and are used to achieve the clustering of the fairness degree of each country in the world. Second, we describe the current status of asteroid mining, and realize that although the asteroid mining project is developing rapidly at the technical level, there is still a lack of global unified regulation and constraints at the institutional level. On this basis, we design a mature and complete global asteroid mining system, and envision the distribution of the mined resources according to the nature endowments.

Youth Hiring and Labor Market Tightness

It is well-known that recessions can lead to long-term scarring for young workers. I show that employers hire fewer young workers when there are few job openings per unemployed job seeker, while hiring rates for workers with more than 10 years of potential experience are much less cyclically volatile. During the COVID-19 pandemic, youth employment rates rebounded particularly quickly compared with other groups and historic patterns. I show this is consistent with the historic relationship between tightness and youth hiring rates, suggesting youth scarring from the COVID-19 pandemic may be less severe compared with previous recessions.

The factors affecting Italian provinces’ separate waste-collection rates: An empirical investigation

This paper investigates the factors affecting Italian provinces’ separate collection rates from 2007 to 2016, as these rates are relevant environmental performance indicators in urban waste management. We observe data spanning this decade from 103 Italian provinces and use panel data regressions to explore if and how some relevant socio-economic factors—including convictions for crimes committed against the public administration and many indicators of equitable and sustainable well-being that describe the quality of life in Italy—significantly affect provinces’ capability to reach European and national regulators’ separate collection rate targets. The results reveal that the greater the prosecuted crime committed against the public administration, average income, expected age, number of people with a diploma or a degree, and the percentage of female municipal administrators, the greater the separate waste collection rate. In contrast, the greater the number of household members, youth employment rate, total waste produced per capita, and the recourse for landfills, the lower the separate waste collection rate. These results highlight for policy-makers and waste utility managers the need to implement different strategies to increase the ability to meet expected targets and increase environmental performance, and thus, further increasing the quality of life.

Exploring factors contributing to young workers’ vulnerability to work-related harm

New Zealand has experienced significant increases in youth employment rates in the last 20 years with 40 per cent of people employed part-time. This age group has been associated with the second-highest rate of injury claims. At the current time, there is limited information on why young workers in New Zealand are more vulnerable to work-related harm. This project aimed to explore this with a convenience sample of young workers using an online survey. Participants represented a diverse ethnic population but the sample was predominately female. In total, 32.7 per cent of respondents had received no occupational health and safety (OHS) training when starting work. Fifty-seven per cent of the sample thought that OHS was valued by their employer. Interestingly, 63 per cent of the sample said they would be confident about speaking up about an OHS issue with most being willing to speak to their manager. In relation to stress, the analysis identified that there was an association between feeling stressed and being unable to follow OHS protocols (p=0.05). While this was a small exploratory study, suggestions made to improve OHS include clear and open communication between workers and employers, improved access to OHS resources and continuous and in-depth training.

The effect of regional competitiveness operational programme on employment: an empirical assessment for the Central Anatolia of Turkey

ABSTRACT Regional Competitiveness Operational Programme (RCOP) is one of the policies which aims to increase the competitiveness of the poorest regions of Turkey by supporting enterprises and creating employment opportunities. This study aims to investigate whether RCOP has generated more employment opportunities in the “East-Central Anatolia Region” compared to its neighbor called “West-Central Anatolia Region”. As an identification strategy, we implement Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology, and for the robustness check, we apply DiD with Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The entire analysis relies on data derived from the Household Labor Force Survey between 2004 and 2017. Our findings show that RCOP increased only the employment rate of young people aged between 15–24. We find no evidence of a positive effect for people over 24 years old. Governments in other countries which are also concerned about unemployment and vulnerability among youth could implement similar policies. Even though the programme has been effective in increasing the youth employment rate, the employment gap between men and women persists in favor of men in all age groups, including the youth. This finding offers an insight into the necessity of additional policies to increase female employment and close the gender gap in employment opportunities.

Demographic and Transition Service Predictors of Employment Outcomes for Youth Receiving Supplemental Security Income

Racially and ethnically diverse youth with disabilities receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits were randomly assigned to usual services, including available school and vocational rehabilitation (VR) transition services, or enhanced case management and transition services through the Wisconsin Promoting Readiness of Minors in SSI (PROMISE) federal demonstration grant. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis demonstrated increased age, being African American, having a psychiatric disability, and transition services predicted higher youth employment rates. However, enhanced PROMISE transition services were no longer significant in the presence of VR services, suggesting the effect of enhanced services was mediated by increasing engagement in VR. Limitations and implications are discussed regarding the relationship between school and state VR transition services and postsecondary competitive integrated employment outcomes.

Youth employment and unemployment rates in Kosovo

The main aim of this study is to analyse the employment and unemployment rates in the Western Balkans, looking particularly at youth (aged 18–24 years) unemployment in Kosovo. The results of the study show that unemployment in this age group is high and that labour market policies are also not appropriate. The empirical study was conducted during the pandemic (2020), but statistics for study needs were used from the period 2001–2019. It involved young people aged 18–24 and used data from various local and international institutions regarding the labour market for young people, labour market policy, etc. The study shows that in Kosovo, 48.7% of young people aged 18–24 are unemployed and that the most pronounced unemployment is among women. A significant proportion of the young population is unemployed (46.4%) and youth unemployment among females is higher (53.6%) compared to males (42.9%) (Kosovo Agency of Statistics, 2020b). Kosovo’s problem with youth unemployment is the result of poor economic development as well as inefficient labour market policies. The study recommends that policymakers develop sustainable and effective policies that will lead to stability in youth employment and improve the labour market performance. These policies should help organizations and businesses to increase the number of employees, but should also create long-term employment stability. Furthermore, a critical appraisal is necessary to avoid youth unemployment, instability in youth employment and labour market instability as a whole

Is a higher minimum wage associated with a higher youth employment rate A panel data analysis

Is a higher minimum wage associated with a higher youth employment rate A panel data analysis

Virtual Reality Job Interview Training in Transition Services: Results of a Single-Arm, Noncontrolled Effectiveness-Implementation Hybrid Trial.

This study reports the results of a single-arm non-controlled, Type 3 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial evaluating virtual reality job-interview training (VR-JIT) delivered in five pre-employment transition programs comprising 15 schools, 10 administrators, 23 teachers, and 279 youth ages 16-21 years receiving special education pre-employment transition services. Fidelity, expected implementation feasibility, and teacher and student acceptance of VR-JIT were high. Youth completed virtual interviews over six to eight weeks (M = 10.8, SD = 7.4). At the six-month follow-up, teachers reported that youth using VR-JIT had employment rates higher than current national employment rates for youth with disabilities. A multinomial logistic regression revealed VR-JIT engagement was associated with greater employment rates by six-month follow-up (OR=1.63, p=0.002). This study provides promising evidence that VR-JIT may be feasibly implemented with high fidelity in special education pre-employment transition services and can potentially enhance employment outcomes among transition-age youth receiving special education services.

Minimum Wage and Youth Employment in Regions of the Visegrád Countries

ABSTRACT This paper estimates the youth employment effects of minimum wages in the Visegrád countries: Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The analyses are based on a regional panel dataset for the period 2003–16. Our results indicate that changes in minimum wages measured as a ratio of regional average wages have not negatively affected youth employment rates in the Visegrád countries at the national level. Detailed analyses indicate that changes in the ratio of minimum to average wages may have dampened regional youth employment in Hungary in 2008–11, in Czechia in 2003–7, and in several regions in Poland and Slovakia throughout the full sample period.

Youth and Adult Agrifood System Employment in Developing Regions: Rural (Peri-urban to Hinterland) vs. Urban

Using a unique dataset covering 178,794 households with 460,654 individuals spanning Africa, Asia, and Latin America, we explore employment of youths across rural zones (peri-urban, intermediate, hinterland) and urban areas. Using full-time equivalents (FTEs), we compare own-farming versus farm-wage labour, and nonfarm wage- and self-employment. Nonfarm includes: (a) agrifood system (AFS) jobs post-farmgate, in food processing, wholesale, logistics, retail, and food service; (b) non-AFS. Key findings are noted in order by Africa, Asia, and Latin America (whose youth employment rates are 61%, 39%, and 48%). (1) AFS shares in FTEs of employed rural youths are substantial (21%, 21%, and 23%). Wage employment share of AFS is lower in Africa (25%) versus Asia and Latin America (75%). (2) Own-farming in FTEs of employed rural youths are higher in Africa (51%, 19%, and 12%). The share for adults in Africa is 36%. Regressions show youths’ being in school does not reduce employment in own-farming (they are compatible), but reduces nonfarm labour. (3) Farm-wage employment shares in FTEs are small (4%, 13%, and 16%). (4) Regressions show that rural youths’ being in a peri-urban area sharply increases AFS and non-AFS employment compared with hinterland youths who depend more on own-farming.

Does economic prosperity translate to regional youth employment?

ABSTRACT There is a consensus that the retention of youth in regional locations is fundamental to building sustainable regional communities; however, the lack of employment opportunities is a dominant cause of regional youth out-migration. It is plausible that economic prosperity arising from resource booms would create job opportunities and extend youth employment rates even in regional locations. We, therefore, analyse the Western Australian case of a decade-long mining boom (2004–2014) using secondary policy data and primary focus group interviews with youth from regional locations. We examine their employment experiences and the labour policy initiatives during a mining boom. A comparative analysis of secondary and primary data indicates the need for focussed regional inclusion initiatives. Our study suggests the need to implement localised youth employment policy interventions. The study highlights the policy implications particularly for future economic windfalls and international resource-rich regions seeking to broaden their regional development agendas and address overall unemployment.

Is a higher minimum wage associated with a higher youth employment rate A panel data analysis

The successful integration of young members of the workforce into the labour market has been a topic of great interest for European decision makers since the onset of the recent financial and econo...

Are traineeships stepping-stones for youth working careers in Italy?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation of traineeships as an active labour policy for young people in Italy. The role of traineeships as a formative experience for improving youth employment is stated by law and the specific evaluation of the regional Quality Traineeships Programme allowed for a more in-depth analysis of the role quality criteria plays in traineeship implementation.Design/methodology/approachSuch evaluation relies on administrative data, while a counterfactual approach was used to compare trainees to unemployed young people registered with Public Employment Services. The impact of traineeships on youth careers was measured in terms of employment probability, but innovatively, the actual placement was measured in terms of both hiring and along a “quality” metric with respect to entry in the labour market. It is reasonable to assume that young people are interested in traineeships as an investment towards a more satisfying career (not just as a gateway to recruitment). At last, the authors introduce a persistency analysis of the effects on youth employment rates.FindingsThe results show that traineeships hinder rapid transition to work, but they are effective stepping-stones for young people seeking a quality career. A benefit of 7 percentage points was estimated on the probability of finding a quality job after completing the traineeship and a long-lasting effect on trainees’ employment rate is demonstrated by the persistency analysis. These benefits are strengthened for participants in the Quality Traineeships Programme, confirming the relevance of desirable learning and contractual conditions in supporting the effectiveness of internships in Italy.Originality/valueAs far as the authors know, this paper is the first study that specifically refers to traineeships as an active policy in Italy and the questions resulting from the research suggest new trends in the debate over the role of policies for supporting youth employment. The administrative archives used in the analysis and the persistence effects on youth employment rates are further innovations to the empirical literature on the effectiveness of Italy’s training programmes.