Young Approach Research Articles

Introduction: Autotheory ASAP! Academia, Decoloniality, and "I"

Introduction:Autotheory ASAP! Academia, Decoloniality, and "I" Alex Brostoff (bio) and Lauren Fournier (bio) This special issue convenes artistic practitioners with early-career and established scholars to engage the burgeoning field of autotheory. As a point of departure, we begin first and foremost with a conception of autotheory as an art of the present. By hailing autotheory as an "art," we bring together practicing autotheorists as well as scholars of autotheory—where the two are often one and the same. Intricately complicated, deliciously slippery: where to draw the line between the life and the work, between theory and practice? Does the attempt to draw a line in fact draw attention to the very impossibility of doing so? The line, it would appear, lies. Second, this issue spotlights the ways in which autotheory's distinctive deconstruction of theory and practice unsettles Eurocentric ways of knowing, proffering a method of responding to contemporary calls to decolonize. Contributors animate decolonial approaches to knowledge production and subject formation in visual, literary, and performance arts, while attending to the ways in which autotheory may participate in broader projects of decolonial praxis. Third and finally, in keeping with the politics and polyvocality of autotheory itself, this special issue sutures self to social to structural, underscoring their emergence as mutually constitutive and interdependent. If there is an autotheoretical turn, then it is a turning outward, traversing what autotheory does in translation and in citation, in postcolonial, Black, and Indigenous epistemologies, in transfeminisms and queer pedagogies, in the archive and beyond the academic industrial complex. [End Page 489] Fusing self-representation with philosophy and critical theory, autotheory moves between "theory" and "practice," between "living," "thinking," and "making."1 It is critical and it is creative; it is experiential and experimental; it is scholarly and it is popular. It brings theory to life and life to theory. It plays with personal polemic, positing a speaking self in the act of writing "I," and then, self-reflectively and self-reflexively, it deconstructs itself. Autotheory's genealogies spring from the institutions it seeks to critique. It privileges thinking with over thinking against; its politics of citation unveil its relations. From social media technologies to the publishing industry, from live performance to visual art, autotheory's escalating ubiquity in cultural production serves as a critical provocation: why autotheory and why now? What motivates the methodological melding of an autobiographical "I" with academic scholarship? And what implications does theorizing the self have for the politics of knowledge production, broadly conceived? Autotheory, this issue collectively contends, does not merely crop up on literary or theoretical grounds, nor do its roots grow solely in Euro-American soils. Considering the rapid rise of popular and scholarly interest in works like Paul B. Preciado's Testo Yonqui (Testo Junkie) (2008), Claudia Rankine's Citizen (2014), Saidiya Hartman's Lose Your Mother (2006), and Maggie Nelson's The Argonauts (2015), and renewed interest in works such as Gloria E. Anzaldúa's Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), Audre Lorde's Zami: A New Spelling of My Name (1982), and Chris Kraus's I Love Dick (1997), among others, autotheory's recent popularization suggests a pressing need for analogous critical discourse. In the U.S., the term has garnered popular acclaim from Nelson's The Argonauts. And although Nelson credits Preciado with coining the neologism, the term has also emerged in other contexts, at other times. Stacey Young's Changing the Wor(l)d: Discourse, Politics, and the Feminist Movement (1997) introduces the [End Page 490] English-language adjective "autotheoretical" to describe queer women of color anthologies published by American indie presses in the early 1980s.2 Young's approach to the autotheoretical texts is linked to activism, illustrating how self-theorizing is bound not only to structural critique but to social change writ large. In this issue, we echo Young's insistence on the centrality of the work of queer women of color to the emergence of autotheory. In the past year alone, autotheory has been read both as "theory" and as "practice," although current definitions of the term remain limited by the particular genealogies they trace. In the introduction to "Autotheory Theory," a special issue...

On Training and Retraining Teachers for Students’ Physical Education

The conducted study was triggered by the problem of transition from a body-oriented approach to a personality-oriented approach inyoung people’sphysical education. The personality-oriented paradigm underlying training and retraining of teachers for students’ physical education was selected as the research methodology, and the model of improving such training of the teaching staff was suggested as a tool for implementing this paradigm. The presented model reflects the most important structural elements that we wished to test during the pedagogical experiment – improving future teachers’ motivation for their own physical activity and assessing the efficiency of a number of elective subjects. The modelis based on the assumed target of implementing activities by a health culture physical education teacher and reflects the actual system of knowledge concerning health and personal responsibility for teachers’ own health and that of students under their care. Also, the stages of building teachers’ professional competence and basic academic disciplines that will make the greatest contribution towards the achievement of the set goals are provided. The outlined stages represent a single process of physical and spiritual education to build future teachers’ knowledge and skills in the field of health culture. As a way to achieve these goals, it was proposed to introduce new elective disciplines for future teachers of physical education, namely: Pedagogical Anthropology, Personality-Oriented Physical Education and Creative Valeology. The conclusion is made that application of the personality-oriented approach to train future physical education teachers and the model of their training and retraining based on this approach would promote building their health culture education in the quickly changing world aimed at physical perfection of its individuals.

会陰式前立腺全摘術200例の手術合併症に関する検討

In recent years, robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy has become widely used, and the perineal approach is utilized much less than before. However, radical perineal prostatectomy has some advantages with regard to operative complications. Here I evaluate 200 cases for which the perineal approach was used in the past 12 years. From 2000 to 2012, radical perineal prostatectomies were performed for 200 patients and their operative complications were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 68.5 years, with a PSA of 9.4 ng/ml, and Gleason score of 6.9. Their clinical stages were T1 in 168 cases (84.0%), T2 in 26 (13.0%) and T3 in 6 (3.0%). Mean operative time was 85 minutes, and estimated blood loss was 220.0 ml. The median time for urethral catheter indwelling was 7 days, and the admission term was 14 days. Operations were performed safely in patients with a BMI of more than 30 kg/m2. Lymphadenectomies from the same incision were performed in 20 cases and there were no lymph node metastases. Rectal injuries occurred in 7 cases (3.5%) with 100 cases of Blet's approach so I changed to Young's approach. With Young's approach I have not experienced any rectal injuries. Wound infection occurred in 4 cases (2.0%), hematoma in 2 (1.0%), anastomotic stricture in 1 (0.5%), inguinal hernia in 1 (0.5%), and transient lower extremity neurapraxia in 1 (0.5%). Postperineal pain after operation was tolerated using a donut cushion, though some pain relievers were needed in 20 cases (10.0%). Fecal incontinence occurred in 4 cases (2.0%) but was temporary. With radical perineal prostatectomy it is easy to perform vesicourethral anastomosis, apical dissection and nerve sparing, and there are few complications such as inguinal hernia, anastomotic stricture and so on. In addition, there is less blood loss with this approach because the dorsal vein complex and pudendal arteries are out of sight. Therefore, radical perineal prostatectomy is suggested to be useful because of its safety, short operation time and low cost. Finally this procedure can be selected as the first choice for patients with past history of lower abdominal operation and obesity.

Politics Improper: Iris Marion Young, Hannah Arendt, and the Power of Performativity

This essay explores the value of oppositional, performative political action in the context of oppression, domination, and exclusionary political spheres. Rather than adopting Iris Marion Young's approach, Drexler turns to Hannah Arendt's theories of political action in order to emphasize the capacity of political action as action to intervene in and disrupt the constricting, politically devitalizing, necrophilic normalizations of proceduralism and routine, and thus to reorient the importance of contestatory action as enabling and enacting creativity, spontaneity, and resistance.

Summit Diplomacy: High-Level Meeting or Courtesy Call? A Response to John Young

AbstractThis essay is written in response to John Young's article in issue 1:3 of this journal, 'A Case Study in Summitry: The Experience of Britain's Edward Heath, 1979-1974', which chronicles the period's face-to-face meetings between heads of government. In his analysis, Young uses the definition of summitry that I set out in my 1996 book Diplomacy at the Highest Level: The Evolution of International Summitry. And yet in applying this definition of summitry as he does, he demonstrates the limitations of both this definition and indeed this approach to the study of diplomatic history in general.This article presents a critique of Young's use of summitry as a tool for understanding the diplomacy of the Heath administration in particular and diplomatic studies in general. It argues that the use of summitry in this way is a distorting lens through which to approach such an analysis. The article argues that Young's approach both overprivileges actual meetings as opposed to other executive involvement in diplomacy and downplays more significant activities, which fall outside this definition. If casual courtesy visits are to be included as summits, there is clearly something wrong with the definition being used. If this definition were to stand, then the term 'summit' and the use of summitry as a device for understanding diplomatic activity would be rendered meaningless. The article ends by suggesting new ways of defining summitry and pointing to the need for new research in this area.

Rationality, Meaning, and the Analysis of Delusion

On what I will call a rationalist approach to delusion, delusion is a matter of top-down disturbance in some fundamental beliefs of the subject, which may consequently affect experiences and actions. On an empiricist approach, in contrast, delusion is a rational response to highly unusual experiences that the subject has, perhaps as a result of organic damage. Ellis and Young (1990) recently provided an empiricist analysis of the Capgras and Cotard delusions. I want to begin with some remarks on just why it is important to the empiricist approach that it should acknowledge the rationality of the subject's delusional responses to unusual stimuli. We will see that when the rationale for the rationality constraint is fully set out, it is questionable whether Ellis and Young's approach actually succeeds in giving its place to the rationality constraint. In conclusion, I will look briefly at the prospects for a rationalist approach and at what other approaches might be possible.