Younger Girl Research Articles

Only one beer can be mortal: a case report of two sisters with cardiac arrest due to a homozygous mutation in PPA2 gene

We report the long way to the correct diagnosis in two teenage sisters who developed a cardiac arrest after consuming minimal amounts of alcohol. The older girl dramatically survived two cardiac arrests at the age of 14 and 15 years. She underwent an extensive examination that revealed isolated cardiac abnormalities including fibrosis, dilated cardiomyopathy and inflammation. The younger girl also had a cardiac arrest at the age of 15 and died suddenly after consuming 1–2 beers, 3 years after her sister´s first incident. Autopsy of the heart revealed acute myocarditis without structural alterations. Multigene panel analysis (not including PPA2) showed SCN5A and CACNA1D variants in both sisters and their healthy mother. Six years later duo exome allowed the diagnosis of an autosomal recessive PPA2-related mitochondriopathy. We discuss the molecular results and clinical picture of our patients compared to other PPA2-related cases. We highlight the diagnostic contribution of multigene panels and exome analysis. The genetic diagnosis is important for medical care and for everyday life, specifically because alcohol intake can result in cardiac arrest and should be strictly avoided. Conclusion: Duo exome sequencing clarified the diagnosis of PPA2-related mitochondriopathy in two sisters with isolated cardiac features and sudden cardiac arrest triggered by minimal amounts of alcohol.What is Known:• Multigene-Panel or exome analysis is a valuable tool to identify genetic causes of hereditary cardiac arrhythmias.• Variants of unknown significance can lead to misinterpretation. PPA2-related mitochondriopathy is a very rare autosomal recessive condition that is normally fatal in infancy.What is New:• Duo exome analysis in two teeenage sisters with cardiac arrest revealed a homozygous mild PPA2 mutation as the underlying pathology restricted to the heart muscle

Attempts at reconciliation in Aristaenetus' "Erotic letters"

Even though scholars are yet to agree on the authorship of the epistolary collection "Erotic Letters", it is usually ascribed to Aristaenetus and it was probably written in the 6th century AD. The letters of the collection mostly depict extramarital affairs (with "hetairai", slaves or married women), often accompanied by conflicts fuelled by (sometimes justified) jealousy or either partner’s lack of interest because there are better options: e.g. a "hetaira" gets a richer client, a client is seduced by a younger or better-looking girl, etc. Therefore, most reconciliation efforts in the "Letters" are in fact the lovers’ attempts to either get back together and improve their relationships or to end them in a civilised manner or otherwise. The focus of the research is on the analysis of the protagonists’ reconciliation strategies and methods (such as verbal persuasion, lying, causing sympathy, projecting guilt onto somebody else, letter-writing, the use of male or female mediators, etc.) and their effectiveness. The final goals are: to point out the most common reconciliation methods employed, to investigate whether or not the men and women use similar methods, to check which gender is more likely to choose indirect reconciliation methods, such as the use of mediators or writing and sending letters, and to examine which gender is generally more successful at reconciliation (as well as to explain why that is so). Additionally, the author’s depictions of reconciliation and his use of reconciliation as a narrative tool are put into a wider context through a comparison with other epistolary collections of this type, the originality of these depictions is scrutinised and probable models (within and outside of the subgenre) are proposed.

How to get the girls Gaming: A Literature Study on Inclusive Design

Gaming is a ubiquitous activity today where many children spend considerable amounts of time playing various games. Serious games have also become a mainstream educational tool in a wide variety of school subjects. Despite this, many games still have a design that mainly appeals to boys where girls are less frequent players. The aim of this study was to gather requirements for a design of serious games where girls should not feel excluded. The research question to answer was: "Which design concepts are important if girls should be engaged in serious gaming?". Furthermore, the results from this study could be useful for future implementations of educational games. This study strives to address the research gap in the field of inclusive game design, and to gather important requirements for games where girls and boys want to play together. This study was carried out as a scoping literature review to map literature in the field of game design to identify key concepts that can attract the younger girl audience. Scoping literature reviews offer a method of mapping key concepts in a research field to identifying the main sources and types of evidence available. A central aim of a scoping literature review is to synthesise research results to a specific target group as a foundation for future research. For this study, the future research will consist of implementing the found design factors in an educational game on computer science. Findings indicate that there are specific game design concepts that girls find appealing. Important main themes to consider are Creativity and customisation, Character diversity, Collaborative interaction, and Exploration without violence. However, there seems to be several challenges related to the concept of designing specific girl games. The conclusion from this study is rather to choose a more inclusive game design where girls and boys would like to play together. A concept for game design that could be described as having a low threshold, wide walls and a high ceiling. The recommendation for a girl inclusive design is to carefully consider factors such as narration, backstory, social interaction, game graphics, sound design, and personalisation.

Unfinished Painting

Unfinished Painting

Juanita Brooks's Footnote: History, Memory, and the Murder of Olivia Coombs

Juanita Brooks's Footnote: History, Memory, and the Murder of Olivia Coombs

New concepts in the development of schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and degenerative brain diseases based on chronic inflammation: A working hypothesis from continued advances in neuroscience research.

This paper was written prompted by a poignant film about adolescent girl with schizophrenia who babysits for a younger girl in an isolated cabin. Schizophrenia is an illness that both authors are fascinated with and that they continue to study and investigate. There is now compelling evidence that schizophrenia is a very complex syndrome that involves numerous neural pathways in the brain, far more than just dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. One of the more popular theories in recent literature is that it represents a hypo glutaminergic deficiency of certain pathways, including thalamic ones. After much review of research and study in this area, we have concluded that most such theories contain a number of shortcomings. Most are based on clinical responses to certain drugs, particularly antipsychotic drugs affecting the dopaminergic neurotransmitters; thus, assuming dopamine release was the central cause of the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. The theory was limited in that dopamine excess could only explain the positive symptoms of the disorder. Antipsychotic medications have minimal effectiveness for the negative and cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. It has been estimated that 20–30% of patients show either a partial or no response to antipsychotic medications. In addition, the dopamine hypothesis does not explain the neuroanatomic findings in schizophrenia.

Selling Women’s History: Packaging Feminism in Twentieth-Century American Popular CultureTwenty-First-Century Feminisms in Children’s and Adolescent Literature

Selling Women’s History: Packaging Feminism in Twentieth-Century American Popular CultureTwenty-First-Century Feminisms in Children’s and Adolescent Literature

Keeping Doors Closed as One Reason for Fatigue in Teenagers—A Case Study

(1) Background: Healthy teenagers are often sleepy. This can be explained by their physiology and behavioral changes; however, the influence of CO2 concentration above 1000 ppm should not be neglected with respect to sleep dissatisfaction. (2) Methods: CO2 concentrations were measured in two similar bedrooms occupied by girls aged 9 and 13 years old. The scheme of measurements included random opening and closing of the bedroom doors for the night. Additionally, the girls evaluated their sleep satisfaction in a post-sleep questionnaire. (3) Results: During the night, the CO2 concentration varied from 402 to 3320 ppm in the teenager’s bedroom and from 458 to 2176 ppm in the child’s bedroom. When the bedroom doors were open, inadequate indoor air quality (IEQIII and IEQIV categories) was observed in both the teenager’s and child’s bedroom during 11% and 25% of the night, respectively; however, closing the doors increased the contribution of moderate (IEQIII) and low (IEQIV) categories of air to 79% and 86%, respectively. The girls were dissatisfied only when the bedroom door was closed. The satisfied category of sleep was selected only by the younger girl. (4) Conclusions: Opening the bedroom door during the night can decrease the CO2 concentration 55–64% without reducing thermal comfort.

Ngā whānau [The families

Ngā whānau [The families] Vaughan Rapatahana (bio) "Jenny, don't be late home from school today, please. We have to get your ballet gear organized for Saturday." Jenny's mother repeated herself and then added, "Didn't you hear me the first time?" "Yes, Mum," was all Jenny had to say, as she grabbed her bag and closed the front door behind her. Jenny already had a bit of a headache, and it was only Tuesday morning. School went pretty much the same as any other day. The usual lessons. The usual stupid boys with smirky faces. The usual homework tasks set. The only thing that was different was that Jenny, now a senior, was asked to go to a lunchtime meeting with the other prefects. Ms. Gilhooley smiled at them all and went right to her point. "I won't keep you long because I know some of you have other duties. But we would like some volunteers to help with the new students this term. We would like some of you to volunteer to be mentors, please." She glanced around the prefects. One or two put their hands up straight away. Jenny was not one of them. "Thank you for volunteering, Isaiah," smiled Ms. Gilhooley. "Miss, I wasn't volunteering. I wanted to ask when we were meant to mentor these new kids?" Isaiah had a rather patronizing tone to his voice. "I mean, I have sports practice most days after school ..." A few affirmative nods and a "yeah" or two greeted his comment. "We were thinking Tuesdays and Thursdays during term one. Perhaps for half an hour at this stage. We would like you to get to know some of the new students who we think may need a little bit of support at school. You could ask them if they had any questions and give them assistance with studies perhaps—and definitely give support if they feel lonely ..." Isaiah was sighing, and one or two others looked supremely uninterested. Joanna Skipper and Gerald Hope, however, did volunteer. "What about you, Jenny? Can you help us, please?" Jenny was reluctant, but she was also aware that she "should set an example" because her mother always said so. "OK. I will help," she replied softly. At 3:15 that afternoon Jenny was introduced to Charm. Charm had recently moved into the district, although Jenny later learned that Charm's family had once [End Page 408] lived in the area several years previously. They were nearly seven years apart in terms of their ages and in terms of their year level at the small area school. Charm lived up to her name: she smiled at Jenny when the two were introduced and seemed very happy to have a "senior" to help her settle into the school. In fact, that's what she said straight away. Jenny asked if the younger girl had any questions, to which Charm immediately responded with, "My form teacher is Mr. Sellars. He is trying to be a funny guy because he keeps on telling us jokes all the time. But his jokes aren't funny." Jenny did not know what to say. She did not know Mr. Sellars as he had never taught her. So she smiled and said nothing. "Do you play any sports?" was Charm's next sally. "I used to play netball ...," Jenny trailed off. She wasn't going to tell the younger girl that her own mother had nagged Jenny about quitting netball, because "it takes up too much of your time." Charm was waiting for the rest of the sentence, but all she received was, "How about I meet up with you tomorrow at lunchtime and you can tell me about anything at school that you need help with?" Jenny knew her mother would probably berate her for not going home straight after school, so she was attempting to scale down the conversation. "OK,'" smiled Charm. "But where?" she added. "How about I come and find you in Mr. Sellar's room when the lunch bell goes?" "Sure," Charm said. ________ Jenny found her mother drinking wine on the front porch. Their small car was out on the...

Ngā whānau: [The families

Ngā whānau [The families] Vaughan Rapatahana (bio) "Jenny, don't be late home from school today, please. We have to get your ballet gear organized for Saturday." Jenny's mother repeated herself and then added, "Didn't you hear me the first time?" "Yes, Mum," was all Jenny had to say, as she grabbed her bag and closed the front door behind her. Jenny already had a bit of a headache, and it was only Tuesday morning. School went pretty much the same as any other day. The usual lessons. The usual stupid boys with smirky faces. The usual homework tasks set. The only thing that was different was that Jenny, now a senior, was asked to go to a lunchtime meeting with the other prefects. Ms. Gilhooley smiled at them all and went right to her point. "I won't keep you long because I know some of you have other duties. But we would like some volunteers to help with the new students this term. We would like some of you to volunteer to be mentors, please." She glanced around the prefects. One or two put their hands up straight away. Jenny was not one of them. "Thank you for volunteering, Isaiah," smiled Ms. Gilhooley. "Miss, I wasn't volunteering. I wanted to ask when we were meant to mentor these new kids?" Isaiah had a rather patronizing tone to his voice. "I mean, I have sports practice most days after school ..." A few affirmative nods and a "yeah" or two greeted his comment. "We were thinking Tuesdays and Thursdays during term one. Perhaps for half an hour at this stage. We would like you to get to know some of the new students who we think may need a little bit of support at school. You could ask them if they had any questions and give them assistance with studies perhaps—and definitely give support if they feel lonely ..." Isaiah was sighing, and one or two others looked supremely uninterested. Joanna Skipper and Gerald Hope, however, did volunteer. "What about you, Jenny? Can you help us, please?" Jenny was reluctant, but she was also aware that she "should set an example" because her mother always said so. "OK. I will help," she replied softly. At 3:15 that afternoon Jenny was introduced to Charm. Charm had recently moved into the district, although Jenny later learned that Charm's family had once [End Page 408] lived in the area several years previously. They were nearly seven years apart in terms of their ages and in terms of their year level at the small area school. Charm lived up to her name: she smiled at Jenny when the two were introduced and seemed very happy to have a "senior" to help her settle into the school. In fact, that's what she said straight away. Jenny asked if the younger girl had any questions, to which Charm immediately responded with, "My form teacher is Mr. Sellars. He is trying to be a funny guy because he keeps on telling us jokes all the time. But his jokes aren't funny." Jenny did not know what to say. She did not know Mr. Sellars as he had never taught her. So she smiled and said nothing. "Do you play any sports?" was Charm's next sally. "I used to play netball ...," Jenny trailed off. She wasn't going to tell the younger girl that her own mother had nagged Jenny about quitting netball, because "it takes up too much of your time." Charm was waiting for the rest of the sentence, but all she received was, "How about I meet up with you tomorrow at lunchtime and you can tell me about anything at school that you need help with?" Jenny knew her mother would probably berate her for not going home straight after school, so she was attempting to scale down the conversation. "OK,'" smiled Charm. "But where?" she added. "How about I come and find you in Mr. Sellar's room when the lunch bell goes?" "Sure," Charm said. ________ Jenny found her mother drinking wine on the front porch. Their small car was out on the...

Vancomycin heteroresistant community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST72-SCCmecIVa strain colonizing the nostrils of a five-year-old Spanish girl

Background and objectivesDuring a community methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization study, an MRSA strain with vancomycin hetero-resistance (h-VISA) was isolated from a five year-old girl with tetralogy of Fallot without previous exposure to vancomycin. An extended nasal colonization study was performed on all her close relatives. ResultsOnly the patient and her sister were colonized by an h-VISA MRSA strain (clone USA 700, ST72, t148, agr 1 and SCCmec IVa). Mupirocin decolonisation was effective in the elder sister. A new nasal decolonisation in the younger girl using fusidic acid was also successful. However, after decolonisation both sisters were colonized by a methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (ST30, t012 and agr 3) previously isolated from their mother's nostrils. ConclusionAs S. aureus have a great capacity to spread among people in close contact, knowledge of a patients’ colonization status, tracing contacts, and a correct management are critical issues for the successful containment of multiresistant staphylococci.

Vancomycin heteroresistant community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST72-SCCmecIVa strain colonizing the nostrils of a five-year-old Spanish girl

Background and objectivesDuring a community methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization study, an MRSA strain with vancomycin hetero-resistance (h-VISA) was isolated from a five year-old girl with tetralogy of Fallot without previous exposure to vancomycin. An extended nasal colonization study was performed on all her close relatives. ResultsOnly the patient and her sister were colonized by an h-VISA MRSA strain (clone USA 700, ST72, t148, agr 1 and SCCmec IVa). Mupirocin decolonisation was effective in the elder sister. A new nasal decolonisation in the younger girl using fusidic acid was also successful. However, after decolonisation both sisters were colonized by a methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (ST30, t012 and agr 3) previously isolated from their mother's nostrils. ConclusionAs S. aureus have a great capacity to spread among people in close contact, knowledge of a patients’ colonization status, tracing contacts, and a correct management are critical issues for the successful containment of multiresistant staphylococci.

Two Cases of Hair Balls in Girls

This article describes two cases of hair balls in girls between aged 2.5 and 12 years. The reason for this quite rare disease may be trichotillomania (compulsive desire to pull out own hair) and trichophagia (compulsive or impulsive desire to pull out, and then to swallow own or someone's hair) typical for Rapunzel syndrome. Initially, the children were enrolled in the Oncology Centre in view of suspected abdominal tumour. After detection of foreign bodies in the stomach, they were transferred to the Department of Clean Surgery. The following surgeries were performed: median laparotomy, gastrotomy on the front wall of the stomach, bezoar removal. Hair balls were dense felt-like conglomerates with a strong offensive odour. Bezoar dimensions of the younger girl were 855, the elder one — 20108 cm. Postoperative period was uneventful. The children were discharged in a satisfactory condition to be followed up by a surgeon, paediatrician, and psychiatrist in their community.

The Use of Translaminar Subaxial Cervical Screws in Complex Cranio-Cervical Malformations: Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Introduction In complex cervical malformations, sometimes we need to make long occipitocervical fusions, even in children. Fixation techniques include the use of wires, hooks, and screws. In C1–C2 instability, we might choose transarticular screws. All these techniques have life-threatening complications and require wide surgical expertise. In complex craniocervical malformations anatomical variations may play a significant role in complications, the safest method to avoid vascular or neurological complications in these cases is yet to be determined. Translaminar screws were first described in the C2 posterior arch as a safe way to place C2 screws and their use has extended to the subaxial spine. In complex malformations, we might find anatomical variations that play to our advantage when using this technique, such as very wide laminas in complex fused vertebral blocs. Aim The aim of this study is to report the use of cervical subaxial translaminar screws in patients with complex craniocervical deformities and review the literature. Patients and Methods We present two female patients with complex craniocervical malformations. The first case is a 21-year-old girl with basilar invagination, posterior occipital malformations, and a type II Chiari who arrived to the ER with a transitory hemiparesia and was deemed hysteric. The second patient is a 13-year-old girl who was referred to us with a mild scoliosis. On further examination, we found a complex Klippel–Feil syndrome, cervicothoracic dysgraphia without meningocele, basilar invagination, type II Chiari, and other symptoms that made us consider a genopathy, still being studied. Both girls presented altered dynamic-evoked potentials. Both patients underwent posterior cervicomedullary decompression and occipitocervical fusion, with subaxial translaminar screws. In the younger girl, C1 posterior arch resection was also necessary. Results Both the patients are asymptomatic and with no complications to report at last follow-up. Discussion Published case series have reported the use of axial and subaxial translaminar screws in atlantoaxial instability, to our knowledge, there have been no reports of their use in complex craniocervical malformations. Conclusion Translaminar screws are a good alternative for subaxial cervical spine fixation in patients with complex occipitocervical malformations. We need longer follow-up and prospective studies to reach further conclusions. Trauma

Uterine Procidentia in a 15-Year-Old Girl in Nigeria

Uterovaginal prolapse in adolescents is rare. Recently, it was reported in a 17-year-old. Therefore, this case concerning a younger girl is deemed worthy of report.

Dental anxiety level of children patient during dental treatment using CFSS-DS questionnaire

The anxiety during dental treatment is an obstacle for both adult and children patients. The aim of this study was to describe data of the dental anxiety experienced by 6 - 9 year old patients grouped by their age and gender. The type of this study was descriptive observational and the samples were collected using incidental sampling method. The total number of sample were 63 patients who came to Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung during August 2011. This research was using the CFSS-DS questionnaire to measure the patient’s anxiety. This research was conducted by interviewing the patients about how they feel during the dental treatment. The result of this study showed that the 7-years-old boy patients seem to have higher anxiety levels than the 6-years-old, or younger ones. Meanwhile, in 6-years-old and younger girl patients showed higher anxiety level than the older (7, 8, and 9-year-old) ones. The anxiety level of children patients during dental treatment were different based on their age and gender.

My Book of Life by Angel (review)

Reviewed by: My Book of Life by Angel Karen Coats Leavitt, Martine . My Book of Life by Angel. Ferguson/Farrar, 2012. 246p. ISBN 978-0-374-35123-6 $17.99 R Gr. 9-12. After the death of her mother, Angel escapes to the mall. There she meets Call, who has "candy" to help her feel better, and then uses her addiction to trap her into sex-work with him as her pimp. He claims to love her, but what keeps Angel in the life are the drugs and the fact that she is too ashamed to go home. After several girls, including Angel's friend Serena, mysteriously disappear from the streets, Angel decides she has to get clean and go home. She's forestalled, however, when Call kidnaps an eleven-year-old girl and forces Angel to take her out with her. Angel is determined to protect the younger girl, so she works twice as hard to make enough money for two and comes up with a plot that can get them off the streets and safely away from Call. The verse-novel form is particularly successful here as it hints at more than it says yet manages to convey the sordid machinations of Call's ambitions. More effectively, though, the haunting, spare language links [End Page 153] Angel's story to the tragic loss of innocence that characterizes Paradise Lost, a book that she reads aloud at the request of one of her clients. Angel's descriptions of her repetitive circuit through the city, Vancouver in the 1980s, and her dope-sickness take on dimensions of nearly-but-not-quite lost beauty, innocence, agency, and hope. Powerful moments of brutality exist alongside equally powerful moments of insight in this exceptionally moving portrayal of life on the street. An author's note describes the real-life circumstances on which Angel's story is based, making her heartrending story even more immediate and tragic. Copyright © 2012 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Glioneuronal Tumor with Neuropil-Like Islands: Clinical, Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Features of Three Pediatric Cases

Glioneuronal tumors with neuropil-like islands are rare. The 1st reported cases were localized in the cerebral hemispheres of adults, showed homogeneous histopathologic features (infiltrating astrocytic growth and neuropil-like islands rimmed by neuronal cells), and had an unfavorable behavior. We report 3 pediatric cases (1 boy and 2 girls, ages 4, 6, and 8 years, respectively). The boy had a cerebral tumor, and the girls had a spinal tumor. The younger girl also had multiple posterior fossa lesions. The boy and older girl underwent a gross total resection. The younger girl underwent a subtotal resection of the spinal tumor; posterior fossa lesions were not surgically treated. The boy and younger girl are in complete remission at 33 and 24 months, respectively, after surgery and subsequent high-dose chemoradiotherapy. The older girl had a recurrence that was partially resected. Afterward, she started high-dose chemoradiotherapy and had an optimal radiologic response at 4 months follow up. Microscopically, the common denominator was the presence of synaptophysin-positive neuropil-like islands. One tumor showed ependymal features (pseudorosettes and punctate epithelial membrane antigen immunopositivity). Two tumors had 1p deletion. 19q deletion, MGMT gene promoter methylation, EGFR amplifications or polysomy, and EGFR, IDH1, IDH2, and TP53 genes mutation analyses yielded negative results. In conclusion, glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands can affect children, arise in the spinal cord, and show ependymal features in its glial component. A high-dose chemoradiotherapy program is effective.

Britain Finds Andy Hardy: British Cinema Audiences and The American Way of Life in The Second World War

The years 1942 and 1943 saw great concern, on both sides of the Atlantic, about Anglo-American understanding. Almost one million American servicemen were to arrive on British shores by the end of 1...

Discussions of Vaginal Douching with Family Members

Purpose This study examined women's personal douching history and the information they were given by others. Methods Participants in the study (N = 199; mean age = 28.92) completed a 48-question survey on douching practices and attitudes. Results Fifty-seven percent of participants had douched and 39% currently douche. The majority of women reported douching after menstruation, before or after sex, or as needed. Reasons for douching included maintaining cleanliness, feeling good and fresh, eliminating vaginal odor, and removing menstrual blood. Most women (69%) had at least one discussion about douching, with 49% having a discussion with their mother and 22% with a health care provider (HCP). Of the women who currently do not douche, 47% stopped after a HCP instructed them to quit; whereas, 100% of women whose HCP encouraged douching went on to douche. Furthermore, 66% of women planned to discuss douching with a younger girl, with 57% encouraging or being neutral and 43% discouraging it. Women who have previously douched were more likely to discuss and encourage douching than women who had never douched. Also, women who have received a discussion about douching or were encouraged to douche were more likely to douche than women who had not received a discussion or were discouraged. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that younger generations may be taught about or encouraged to douche by their mothers. By giving women accurate information and discouraging douching, women may be less likely to douche or encourage douching in their daughters.