Young Soldiers Research Articles

Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Adherence and Its Predictors Among Soldiers on HIV Antiretroviral Therapy at a General Military Hospital in Uganda.

Uganda faces a significant dual challenge with tuberculosis (TB), ranking among these countries most affected by the disease worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for managing latent TB. However, the adherence to IPT in military settings remains under-explored in Uganda. This study aims to assess IPT adherence and identify its predictors among soldiers undergoing HIV antiretroviral therapy at a General Military Hospital in Uganda. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 300HIV-positive soldiers receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the General Military Hospital in Uganda. Due to the small sample size, we employed a consecutive sampling method. We utilized descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression model for prevalence of IPT adherence and associated factors respectively. Among the 300 clients, the prevalence of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) was 94.7%, 95% CI: 92.1-97.2; adherence to IPT was associated with being aged ≥ 50 years, with a prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.061 and 95% CI: 1.01-1.12; being married, with a PR of 1.438, 95% CI:1.12-1.84; having social support, with a PR of 1.498, 95% CI:1.17-1.92; and having social support played a significant role in IPT adherence among married participants, with a PR of 0.817,95% CI:0.72-0.93. To enhance adherence to isoniazid preventive therapy among young soldiers with HIV, targeted interventions are crucial, as older individuals tend to adhere better. Implementing marital support programs and strengthening community engagement can bolster adherence through social support networks. Educational campaigns should focus on the importance of IPT, while regular follow-ups will ensure effective monitoring and support. Further research is needed to explore how social support can mitigate stigma associated with HIV. The findings highlight the importance of improving IPT adherence among married soldiers and suggest that this approach could be effective in other low-resource settings.

Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries in young Korean soldiers: a recent 10-year retrospective study.

Traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI), which occurs in up to 3% of trauma patients, is a devastating condition that often leads to permanent disability. However, knowledge of traumatic PNI is limited. We describe epidemiology and clinical characteristics of traumatic PNI in Korea and identify the predictors of traumatic complete PNI. A list of enlisted soldier patients who were discharged from military service due to PNI over a 10-year period (2012-2021) was obtained, and their medical records were reviewed. Patients were classified according to the causative events (traumatic vs. nontraumatic) and injury severity (complete vs. incomplete). Of traumatic PNIs, we compared the clinical variables between the incomplete and complete PNI groups and identified predictors of complete PNI. Of the 119 young male patients who were discharged from military service due to PNI, 85 (71.4%) were injured by a traumatic event; among them, 22 (25.9%) were assessed as having a complete injury. The most common PNI mechanism (n=49, 57.6%), was adjacent fractures or dislocations. Several injury-related characteristics were significantly associated with complete PNI: laceration or gunshot wound, PNI involving the median nerve, PNI involving multiple individual nerves (multiple PNI), and concomitant muscular or vascular injuries. After adjusting for other possible predictors, multiple PNI was identified as a significant predictor of a complete PNI (odds ratio, 3.583; P=0.017). In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of enlisted Korean soldiers discharged due to traumatic PNI and found that the most common injury mechanism was adjacent fracture or dislocation (57.6%). Patients with multiple PNI had a significantly increased risk of complete injury. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of traumatic PNI, which directly leads to a decline in functioning in patients with trauma.

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking derived strain analysis can predict return to training following exertional heatstroke

BackgroundExertional heatstroke (EHS) is increasingly common in young trained soldiers. However, the prognosis marker in EHS patients remains unclear. To evaluate cardiac MRI feature tracking (CMR-FT) derived left ventricle (LV) strain as a biomarker for return to training (RTT) in trained soldiers with EHS in a prospective CMR cohort. MethodsTrained soldiers (participants) with EHS underwent cardiac MR cine sequences between June 2020 and August 2023. Two-dimensional (2D) LV strain parameters were derived. At 3 months after index CMR, the participants with persistent cardiac symptoms including chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope, and recurrent heat-related illness were defined as non-RTT. Multivariable logistic regression analysis is used to develop a predictive RTT model. The performance of different models was compared using the area under curve (AUC). ResultsA total of 80 participants (median age, 21 years; interquartile range (IQR), 20-23 years) and 27 health controls (median age, 21 years; IQR, 20-22 years) were prospectively included. Of the 77 participants, 32 (41.6%) had persistent cardiac symptoms and were not able to RTT at 3 months follow-up after experiencing EHS. The 2D global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly impaired in EHS participants compared to the healthy control group (-15.81 ± 1.67% vs -16.93 ± 1.22%, P =.001), which also showed significantly statistical differences between participants with RTT and non-RTT (-14.99 ± 3.54% vs -16.53 ± 1.43%, P <.001). 2D-GLS (≤ -15.00%) (odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 2.17; P =.016) was an independent predictor for RTT even after adjusting known risk factors. 2D-GLS provided incremental prognostic value over the clinical model and conventional CMR parameters model (AUCs: 0.72 vs 0.88, P =.013; 0.79 vs 0.88, P =.023; respectively). ConclusionsTwo-dimensional global longitudinal strain (≤ -15.00%) is an incremental prognostic CMR biomarker to predict return to training in exertional heatstroke soldiers.

Nespaustuvinė periodika Vrublevskių bibliotekoje: ką Lietuvos leidybos istorijai pasakoja rinkinys?

In Lithuania, non-print periodicals have been of interest to scholars, librarians, and local historians for over a hundred years. To understand the phenomenon of non-print periodicals in Lithuania, its place in the increasing national information flow, and the history of state publishing, it is necessary to gather as extensive a base of these periodical sources as possible and know the main collections. This article aims to present the study of the non-print periodicals collection stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences from the perspective of book science and reveal its informativeness as a whole for the history of Lithuanian publishing. The research object became all the identified non-print periodical publications collected into a conditional collection regardless of chronological frameworks, language, writing system, font, or publishing geographic location. Currently, the Manuscripts Department has recorded as many as 154 titles of small newspapers. To achieve the goal, first, historiography dedicated to non-print periodicals in Lithuania and the Wroblewski Library will be discussed, the history of object collection in the library will be determined, and the formed collection will be analysed in chronological, geographical, linguistic, typological, and genre aspects. The study of the information recorded in the publications’ metrics and texts provided insights into the processes of non-print publishing and allowed for comparisons with the processes of professional periodicals publishing. The history of the collection led to another multilingual collection of non-print periodicals covering the period between the late 19th century to 1946 in the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library, different in composition from the collection in the Rare Books and Old Periodicals Department. The analysis of the collection’s composition by designated aspects confirms the linguistic, genre, and typological diversity of publications that existed in Lithuania. The study allows us to state that although published in small volumes, non-print periodicals approached professional ones and contributed to the national information flow, filling informational and content gaps. They became a space for young creators to unfold and demonstrate practical knowledge, showcasing the potential of non-print periodicals publishing activities, which nurtured more than one professional press figure in Lithuania. The objects of the collection testify to the diversity of periodical publishing practices, and social groups involved in the publishing processes, and reveal the changing society and its aspirations. The collection gathered for the study provides new, unused information for scientific research on the reading and creativity of young people and soldiers, revealing their areas of interest. The collection’s objects become a relevant source for research on language, art history, gender, issues of the reuse of works, etc.

Refugees’ Storytelling Strategies on Digital Media Platforms: How the Russia–Ukraine War Unfolded on TikTok

The article discusses how TikTok has emerged as a platform for self-representation and political contestation during the Russia–Ukraine war. Shortly after the beginning of the conflict, journalists and broadcasters have begun to associate the events unfolding in those countries with the widespread use of this platform among young content creators, refugees, soldiers, and civilians. Described as the “first TikTok war” or as “WarTok,” the conflict in Ukraine represents an important example to look at to uncover the increasingly central role of platforms as spaces where conflicts can be witnessed, documented, and shared with global audiences in real time. The research findings illustrate how TikTok becomes a space where material and affective practices of “performed refugeeness” can become visible and viral due to its unique language, formatting style, and highly personalized narratives, while creating a transnational streaming of war-related discourses that not only bypass traditional circuits of news sharing, but also activate a digital care network that crosses borders and connects diverse digital publics. While the study is small scale to account for a more in-depth narrative analysis of TikTok videos, it nevertheless returns significant insights into refugees’ digital storytelling strategies in conflict areas.

Пушкинский юбилей 1937 г. в судьбе фронтового поколения

This article is focused on to the participation of the young Soviet generation in the Pushkin Jubilee. In the judgments of teenagers, the poet was depicted as a hero and an absolute winner over the forces of reactionary forces of his time. Moreover, during the celebration, he was awarded the gift of an endless and happy life in unity with his people, whereas his persecutors and murderer were sentenced to eternal torment and shame. Transcendent motifs also defined the teenage reinterpretation of Pushkin as the returned living god of literature. The Pushkin cult became an important source of faith in victory and of the steadfastness of young Red Army soldiers in the war.

The Ordeal of Private Henry Fleming: Reflections on War and Maturity

The purpose of this work is to depict Private Henry Fleming, the leading character in Stephen Crane's narrative, in the grip of doubt and fear. He is tormented by the specter of war, and his overactive fancy plays havoc with his fears and uncertainties. More precisely, using the theory of character development, the article shows that this fear has, over the course of his history as a young soldier, become the catalyst for his metamorphosis, revealing the subtleties of his personality and the depths of his emotional maturity.

Echoes of Conflict: Exploring the Parallels Between The Red Badge of Courage and the Socioeconomic Dynamics of Post-Civil War America

This article is an attempt to analyze The Red Badge of Courage as a socio-political allegory of the period in which it was written. Two facts cannot be ignored when characterizing post-Civil War America: one of them is the rise of industrial production with the support of scientific developments and subsequent economic expansion. The other is the increasing migration due to the economic destruction in the South and higher standards of living promised by the industrial cities of the North. In this period, changes in production techniques created an advantage in favor of employers in wage competition. Therefore, factory owners began to prefer unskilled migrant workers instead of skilled workers and this also increased the intensity of urbanization. While rapid population growth turned the cities into industrial jungles, life for the rural migrant workers, who were destitute of supportive social networks, was no different than a battlefield of problems. It was at such a time that the novel was written, and the 304th infantry regiment, made up of young and inexperienced soldiers in the story, is in many ways reminiscent of young industrial workers.

Understanding posthumous sperm retrieval during war through a terror management theory perspective

Terror Management Theory (Tmt, solomon et al., 1991) claims that individuals use three anxiety buffer mechanisms to regulate their death awareness – cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and proximity seeking. In this article, we use these three TMT anxiety buffers to explain the phenomenon of posthumous sperm retrieval, requested by spouses or parents, usually of young soldiers who died during their military service. Whereas this phenomenon has been known for some time, it increased dramatically in the initial days following the massacre conducted by the Hamas terrorist organization in Israel on October 7, 2023. We claim that this was an immediate reaction to this terror event, which posed a direct, existential threat to those who were exposed to the massacre and the soldiers who defended the country, but also to the entire Israeli society, as well as for Jews around the globe. We use interpretive phenomenology to qualitatively examine the phenomenon of retrieving sperm from dead young men, analyzing the requests to retrieve sperm posthumously as a sign of the need to provide these young men with symbolic immortality, on both personal and national levels. We integrate this explanation with the military ethos and the tendency of Israeli society to endorse familyist and pronatalist values to expand our understanding of this contemporary phenomenon in Israel.

369 Camptocormia in Parkinsons Disease: Systematic Review of Management Using Spine Surgery

INTRODUCTION: Postural instability or deformity manifests in a variety of ways for a Parkinson's disease (PD) patient, including the classical stooped posture, as well as antecollis, pisa syndrome, degenerative scoliosis, and a debilitating forward flexion of the trunk termed camptocormia. Camptocormia was first described in the midst of World War 1, where young soldiers were found to have a non-fixed forward-bent trunk attributed to the stress of battle. METHODS: PubMed was queried for studies involving spine surgery as treatment of PD-associated camptocormia. Studies that described nonsurgical management, deep brain stimulation (DBS), repetitive tran-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS), or were descriptive in nature were excluded. RESULTS: The screening process resulted in 5 studies that reported on the use of spine surgery in PD-associated camptocormia. The total number of patients was 19, 12 of which experienced hardware failure warranting revision surgery (63.1%). Clinical and radiologic improvement was inconsistent. Patient outcomes were ultimately satisfactory, only after high reoperation and complication rates. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for the feasibility of spine surgery as management for PD-associated camptocormia is lacking in the literature. In this particular patient population, these procedures carry a high risk of complications and subsequent revision operations, which may negatively affect long-term quality of life. In the absence of or resistance to conservative management, DBS, or rTSMS, spine surgery may be the only option for some patients. Continued investigation via longitudinal and large-scale studies is crucial in order to provide definitive recommendations and treatment algorithms for providers to adhere to.

Wilfred Owen’s Anger Over the Loss of Young Soldiers' Lives in the Poem “Anthem for Doomed Youth”

The study highlights Wilfred Owen’s anger over the Loss of Young Soldiers' Lives in the Poem “Anthem for Doomed Youth”. The objectives of the study are to show the anger of Wilfred Owen over the loss of young soldiers' lives, to show the physical and psychological state of the soldiers after the war, and to highlight the language of war poetry emphasizes some topics, such as suffering and death, violence, terror by the army, and hopelessness presented by the poet. The paper used a descriptive and analytical methodology to comprehend Owen's message about his refusal to funeral young soldiers in war. According to the study's conclusion, greater consideration must be given to those who defend their country, and their sacrifice when they pass away in war has to be recognized and appreciated. Consideration must be taken of the psychological state of those soldiers.

Некоторые аспекты военно-патриотического воспитания

The substantive role of batyrs in the education of national patriotism is considered. Horse riding, fights, conquests, love for military affairs developed a special «institute of batyrs», which solved almost all the most complex problems that arose in traditional Turkic-Kazakh society. Military history played an important role in the process of educating young soldiers. The moral and ethical norms that have developed in nomadic society give full reason to believe that the institution of great heroes served as the main source of inspiration for young people and performed an important function of patriotic education. Military-patriotic education is one of the important factors in ensuring military security, especially in the context of the changes that are taking place in the modern world. In all universities where there are military departments, it is necessary to introduce the subject of «Military History». Students studying at military departments should know the theory and practice in the construction of the Armed Forces, the theoretical foundations of military affairs and military art, learn to think about the military and get educated in the spirit of respect and friendship of peoples. The outward-political situation in the world requires enormous responsibility for strengthening the country's defense capability. The study of military history, national spiritual and moral values accumulated from the ancient period, a prerequisite among other areas in the military-patriotic education of students of Higher Educational Institutions. The huge role of the military history of the Kazakhs is revealed, where honor and dignity were the main factor in the development of the civilian position of the younger generation

End Stage Hoffa’s Disease Presented as a Giant Osteochondroma: Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Hoffa’s disease appears to be an under-recognized ailment according to an extensive comprehensive literature assessment. Predisposing factors in sports training include torsion and hyperextexion at the knee should be taken into consideration when evaluating patients with chronic knee pain. We present the case of a young soldier suffering from left knee pain as a result of Hoffa’s disease Case report: A 29-year-old male patient admitted to orthopedic department to assess an anterior mechanical pain on the left knee. He reported that he had a sport accident with notion of hyperextension and anterior direct trauma to the left knee. On physical examination we found a painful mass that seems located under the patellar tendon, passive flexion of the left knee triggered a sharp pain from 100°. On X ray we found bone-like mass located behind the silhouette of the patellar tendon without attachment to the bones of the leg. MRI identified a 4.2 osseous tumor with no attachment to the patellar tendon. A surgical excision was preformed Conclusion: Hoffa disease is relatively a rare illness, its physiopathology is not yet completely clear. But many cases have been reported in literature. Its clinical presentation is not very specific, and its surgical excision which remains unavoidable, guarantees satisfying clinical and functional results. However, it remains to be determined whether it is a definitive solution in the context of “Hoffa’s disease”.

Wine Barrels, Bonfires, and Battling Beggars

Among the many scenes of seasonal festivity by Netherlandish artists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are a number that portray Martinmas, the November 11 feast of St. Martin of Tours, a late harvest festival and something of a mini carnival before the penitential season of Advent. These scenes are usually marked by the inclusion of the “Charity of St. Martin,” the venerable icon of a young soldier slicing his mantle in two with a sword to share it with a naked beggar, an image that is variously manipulated and often compromised. This article catalogs these artworks in various media (paintings, drawings, engravings, and tapestries) and attempts to ascertain the degree of documentary evidence (“genre interest”), as opposed to satiric/moralistic appropriation, that can be gleaned from the various festive motifs presented. Editorial Note: Except where otherwise noted, content within this article and the Journal of Festive Studies is licensed under a CC BY NC ND 3.0 license. Please note that fig. 9, provided to us by the Trustees of the British Museum, is shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence.

The rise and fall of tobacco smoking and associated rise and fall of coronary atherosclerosis the lethal role of tobacco.

In this review two new hypotheses are explored, one, that the decline in coronary heart disease is mainly due to a dramatic decline in the prevalence of underlying atherosclerosis and two, that tobacco smoking has been a much greater influence on atherosclerosis than previously estimated. The major outcome of coronary atherosclerosis is myocardial infarction. Between 1900 and 1960 the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis dramatically rose in young male soldiers. Between 1960 and 2010 the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in young US soldiers equally dramatically fell. Understanding the reasons for this rise and fall offers important insights into the causes of atherosclerosis. In 1960 over 50% of US military personnel were tobacco smokers but by 1988 the rate had reduced to 30%. The increased prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in young soldiers between 1900 and 1960 was mainly due to increased tobacco smoking. An additional influence was an increase in food and sugar consumption. The fall in atherosclerosis between 1960 and 2010 was probably due to a reduction in tobacco smoking and to a lesser extent, control of hypertension and lowering of high serum total cholesterol. In Western populations up to two thirds of the fall in deaths due to myocardial infarction has been shown to be due to declines in the incidence of heart attacks. Based on the data included in this review it is arguable that the main reason for the fall in the incidence of heart attacks is the fall in the prevalence of underlying coronary atherosclerosis. The adverse influences of tobacco have been well documented. However the enormity of these adverse influences has not been recognised. Over 50% of men continue to smoke tobacco in China, Indonesia, Russia and middle eastern countries. Based on the experience of Western countries over half of these men will die of smoking related conditions.

Quality of Life, Physical Activity Participation, and Perceptions of Physical Rehabilitation Among Community-Reintegrated Veterans With Lower Limb Amputation in Sri Lanka: Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Study.

Lower limb amputation (LLA) impacts physical activity (PA) participation and quality of life (QoL). To minimize the effects of these challenges, LLA survivors need to have opportunities to engage in appropriately tailored rehabilitation throughout their lives. However, in Sri Lanka, where a 3-decade civil war resulted in trauma-related LLA among young male soldiers, access to rehabilitation was limited to the immediate postinjury period. Developing rehabilitation interventions for these veterans requires an understanding of their current health status and rehabilitation perceptions. This study was conducted to evaluate the QoL and PA participation of veterans with LLA and explore perceptions of factors influencing their PA participation and expectations for a future community-based physical rehabilitation (CBPR) intervention. This mixed methods study combined a comparative cross-sectional quantitative survey with qualitative semistructured interviews in 5 districts of Sri Lanka. QoL and PA participation were assessed among community-reintegrated veterans with LLA (n=85) and compared with a matched able-bodied cohort (control; n=85) using Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. PA was assessed in terms of metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week and was computed for walking, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity activities. PA was classified as sufficiently active, low, or sedentary. The design of interview questions was guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework and followed a phenomenological approach. Interviews were conducted with 25 veterans and were analyzed thematically, and the perceptions regarding PA participation and CBPR were codified using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Based on the quantitative survey findings, scores for both physical (P<.001) and psychological (P<.001) well-being and participation in walking (P=.004) and vigorous-intensity activities (P<.001) were significantly lower among veterans than among controls. A "sedentary" classification was made for 43% (34/79) of veterans and 12% (10/82) of controls. Veterans mostly engaged in moderate-intensity PA inside the house (49/79, 62%) and in the yard (30/79, 38%). Qualitative interviews revealed that barriers to PA exist at individual (eg, comorbidity burden), primary care (eg, absence of community rehabilitation services), and policy levels (eg, limited resources) and facilitators exist primarily at societal (eg, inclusive community) and individual levels (eg, preinjury activity baseline and positive attitudes toward exercise). Expectations regarding CBPR included individualized rehabilitation parameters; functional exercises; and involvement of peers, amputee societies, and community health care providers. The nonresponse rate for interviews was 7% (2/27). The findings of reduced PA participation, poor QoL, and physical and psychological impairments among relatively young veterans reveal the long-term impacts of living with LLA in the absence of long-term rehabilitation. Policy-level changes need to be implemented along with behavior-change strategies to promote PA participation and minimize physical inactivity-induced health issues. Veterans' perceptions regarding future CBPR programs were positive and centered on holistic, individualized, and peer-led activities.

The Intersection between Alcohol use and Sexual Activity among Young Adult Male U.S. Service Members.

The current study explores drinking habits, preferences for alcohol use before sexual activity, and alcohol-related sexual behavior among young adult male active duty service members in the United States. Hazardous alcohol use is a significant problem among United States military service members. Whereas the association between alcohol use and sexual assault is well documented in civilian samples, less is known regarding the intersection of alcohol use and sexual activity among soldiers. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize drinking habits, preferences for alcohol use before sexual activity, and alcohol-related sexual behavior. A sample of 338 active-duty male service members between the ages of 18 and 24 were recruited from a large military post in the Southeastern United States. Constructs were assessed using self-report surveys. Participants reported consuming alcohol, on average, 5.6 times over the prior month. Average alcohol consumption was reported to be 7.8 beverages per drinking occasion. Participants reported engaging in heavy drinking an average of 2.9 times over the past 30 days. On average, service members reported a preference for 1.3 drinks before sexual activity. Furthermore, 75.2% of participants preferred to be sober during sex, and 82.1% preferred to engage in sexual activity with a sober partner. Approximately 14% of the sample reported using alcohol to improve their chances of having sex. These findings highlight high rates of alcohol use among soldiers. Nonetheless, young adult male soldiers report a preference for sexual activity while sober. Understanding the co-occurrence of alcohol use and sexual activity has the potential to inform the development of integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention programs for service members.

An Unusual Presentation ofSCAD ina Young Male Soldier.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a non-atherosclerotic cause of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in young individuals without significant cardiovascular risk factors. The etiology of SCAD appears to be multifactorial and is often precipitated by physical and emotional stress superimposed on underlying arteriopathy, connective tissue disorders, systemic inflammatory disorders, genetic factors, and hormonal influences. There are no current societal guidelines to stratify young soldiers' risk of developing SCAD. Diagnosis typically requires invasive coronary artery angiography which is largely unavailable in stations with limited medical resources. Furthermore, young patients with SCAD often present with atypical cardiac symptoms, such as heartburn leading to the misdiagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease and a delay in diagnosis and management. We present a 21-year-old active duty male who was transferred from Okinawa, Japan to a tertiary military medical center for evaluation of hypercoagulable conditions after CT revealed non-obstructing portal venous thrombosis extending to right hepatic vein, splenic vein thrombosis with splenic infarct, and bilateral wedge-shaped renal infarct. Extensive work-up ultimately revealed mid-left anterior descending spiral dissection with transmural infarct of inferior, anteroseptal, and inferoseptal wall resulting in the formation of left ventricular thrombus, subsequently causing thromboembolism to multiple organs. This case demonstrates the ramifications of SCAD when diagnosis and management are delayed and serve as a poignant reminder for all providers to include SCAD in the differential diagnosis for young soldiers with atypical chest pain.

Assessment of the frequency of consumption of selected food products by territory defense soldiers, depending on nutritional knowledge in the context of a healthy lifestyle

Introduction: The problem of rational, proper nutrition that ensures the body's proper performance and quality of work is of particular importance in the army. This is related to the specificity of military service, with a significant physical and mental burden, and this makes it very important to properly meet the nutritional needs of young soldiers, significantly affecting combat ability and mental toughness. The aim of the article is to analyze the frequency of consumption of selected food products and to evaluate the lifestyle of soldiers of the territorial defense forces Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of consumption of food products by soldiers of the territorial defense forces in connection with lifestyle. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 100 male soldiers of the Territorial Defense Forces, using the KomPAN questionnaire for examining views and eating habits for people aged 16 to 65, from which part B concerning the frequency of food consumption and part C related to lifestyle were selected for the study. Results: With age, the percentage of surveyed soldiers who were found to be overweight increased, while the percentage of soldiers maintaining a normal body weight decreased. In the diet of soldiers there are too few vegetables, fruits and fish, while white bread and sweetened drinks appear too often. The surveyed group believes that the level of their nutritional knowledge is insufficient, while the majority declare that their nutrition is correct Conclusions: Based on the conducted research, it appears that soldiers should continue to be trained and the basic knowledge about proper nutrition should be systematized, including the nutritional prevention of diet-related diseases of civilization. The specificity and requirements of a given military service as well as the soldier's individual health condition should be taken into account.

Acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in a young serviceman with a mutation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor gene type 1

The clinical case of acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in a young soldier with the first occurred protracted attack of angina. The survey found the link between these conditions and gene mutation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor that plays a key role in fibrinolysis by inhibiting the formation of plasmin and leading to slowdown in fibrinolysis processes and a longer-term persistence of blood clot. It is proven that homozygous 4G/4G mutation found in the patient results in the development of arterial and venous thrombosis at a young age and is associated with a tendency to relapse. It clearly shows that hereditary thrombophilia is characterized by the absence of obvious provocative factor and single universal diagnostic algorithm; the diagnosis is based on the comprehensive evaluation of laboratory data.