Young Women Of Reproductive Age Research Articles

Organophosphate ester exposure in nail salons: Health implications for workers

Organophosphates esters (OPEs) have become a preferred alternative in nail polish as plasticizers due to health concerns over previously used additives like dibutyl phthalate. However, the true extent of nail technicians' exposure to OPEs is largely unknown. This study shows that nail salon workers are significant exposed to OPEs, with varied concentrations found in air, dust, masks, and urine. The total concentrations of 11 OPEs in ultrasonic personal air samplers (UPAS) ranged from 251 to 1007 ng/m³, and in air conditioner filter dust from 371 to 14473 ng/g. Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) was the most abundant compound found in the nail polishes used in these salons. On average, the concentrations of TPHP and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) in workers' urine after work were 5.2 and 1.8 times higher than those before work, respectively. Two nail salons that had the highest nail polish usage also had very high concentrations of TPHP in surgical masks, dust, and UPAS. TPHP concentrations in workers’ urine after work were 19 and 13 times those before work, respectively, in these two salons. Human internal exposure assessment showed that the average exposure dose of TPHP after work was 1.8 times higher than that before work. On average, use of masks reduced OPEs in urine by 77%. In conclusion, frequent mask replacement is highly recommended, especially in long working circumstances. Without regular replacement, masks may accumulate OPEs from the air, potentially becoming another source of human exposure to OPEs. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the occupational exposure of nail salon workers to OPEs, particularly considering that most practitioners in this industry are young women of reproductive age.

Relationship between the frequency and duration of masturbation and the sexual health literacy and sexual function of women in western Turkey: a cross-sectional study.

Although sexual life and its knowledge are still taboo in many cultures, especially for women, it can negatively affect women's sexual health. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the frequency and duration of masturbation and the sexual health literacy among young Muslim women of reproductive age between 18 and 25years living in western Turkey. The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 921 young women in western Turkey between March and December 2023. Participants were included in the study per the snowball method. The data consisted of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding masturbation, sexual life, and sexual health literacy. Data were obtained on an online platform and analyzed with SPSS (version 24; IBM). Difference, correlation, and regression analyses were performed. The significance level for statistical analyses was accepted as P < .05. The outcomes of the study are the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding masturbation, orgasm, sexual health literacy, and sexual function in women. The participants were young Muslim women aged 21.00 ± 1.89years (mean ± SD). The frequency of masturbation was 5.06 ± 2.03 times per month, and the duration was 3.47 ± 1.77minutes per day. Masturbation frequency and duration were significantly associated with sexual health literacy and sexual function (P < .001). According to regression analysis, sexual function increased and sexual health literacy increased as masturbation frequency and duration increased (P < .001). This study presents results on the current situation regarding the sexual health literacy and sexual lives in women from different geographies and cultures, and it serves as a source for future studies on areas that need to be improved. The limitation of the study is that it was conducted only with Muslim and Turkish women who use smartphones and are sexually active, so it cannot be generalized to all women. The strengths of the study are that it was conducted with a sample of 921 women, it was based on self-report and addressed many dimensions related to masturbation and female sexuality, and the results were reached through exploratory analysis. The study found that the higher the duration and frequency of masturbation in young women, the better their sexual function and higher their sexual literacy.

Pregnant Women with Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Gene Expression and Molecular Interaction Using Bioinformatics Analysis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disease in young women of reproductive age, characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding how genes related to MS are expressed during pregnancy can provide insights into the potential mechanisms by which pregnancy affects the course of this disease. This review article presents evidence-based studies on these patients' gene expression patterns. In addition, it constructs interaction networks using bioinformatics tools, such as STRING and KEGG pathways, to understand the molecular role of each of these genes. Bioinformatics research identified 25 genes and 21 signaling pathways, which allows us to understand pregnancy patients' genetic and biological phenomena and formulate new questions about MS during pregnancy.

Quality of life of patients with uterine fibroids

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is an elevation in the incidence of uterine fibroids in increasingly younger women of reproductive age. Taking into account the current trend of late motherhood, this cohort of patients is interested in using reliable reversible contraception. Combined hormonal contraceptives meet these criteria and are able to neutralize the clinical manifestations of uterine fibroids, thereby improving the quality of life of patients. At the same time, some combined hormonal contraceptives users may experience a decrease in libido and a change in their psycho-emotional state as a manifestation of the side effects of these drugs. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of combined hormonal contraceptives on the quality of life in patients with uterine fibroids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 100 patients with uterine fibroids (F3–F6 according to classification of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, without indications for surgical treatment) and 30 healthy women aged 18 to 49 years. For contraceptive purposes, 40 participants with uterine fibroids used combined hormonal contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol (group I) and 60 patients with uterine fibroids did not use any medications (group II). The following validated questionnaires were used for patients with uterine fibroids — at the beginning and after 6 months, and for healthy women in the control group (group III) — once upon entry into the study: Short Form-36, Female Sexual Function Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. A comparative statistical analysis of the studied parameters over time was carried out. RESULTS: At baseline, a lower quality of life was noted in patients with uterine fibroids compared to the control group (Short Form-36): 94 ± 6 vs 102 ± 11 points, respectively (p 0.05). After 6 months, patients in group I showed positive dynamics with increasing in the total Short Form-36 from 95 ± 4 to 98 ± 5 points (p 0.05) compared to patients in group II: 94 ± 6 and 93 ± 5 points (p 0.05). We revealed no changes in the Female Sexual Function Index in the study groups — at baseline: 24.8 ± 8.9 (group I), 23.9 ± 9.5 (group II), and 27.8 ± 4.7 (group III); and after 6 months: 26.4 ± 9.2 (group I) and 23.9 ± 10.0 (group II) (p 0.05 for all comparisons). When comparing the results of a questionnaire on the Beck scale, no dynamics were determined in patients with uterine fibroids, including those who used combined hormonal contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated a lower quality of life in patients with uterine fibroids compared to healthy women and an improved quality of life in patients with uterine fibroids using combined hormonal contraceptives. We showed no negative effects of contraceptive drugs on libido and emotional state in women with uterine fibroids who used combined hormonal contraceptives for 6 months.

Breast cancer awareness among women of reproductive age- a questionnaire based study

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, and its prevalence is rising among younger women of reproductive age. The study aims to investigate their awareness of breast cancer risk factors, warning indicators, and preventive methods. The study also aimed to assess participants' knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE) and their practices with this crucial screening method. MethodologyTo achieve these goals, we used a cross-sectional survey employing a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included multiple-choice and open-ended items about breast cancer awareness, knowledge, and practices. ResultsThere were 400 questionnaires given out to female patients attending the out-patient department, and 290 of them were completed and returned. The majority of responders to our poll, 88 %, were aware that breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. The fact that 57 % of the individuals never examined their own breasts is a worrying result. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge and family history (X2 = 13.8, P < 0.001) and knowledge and schooling (X2 = 6.4,P < 0.001). Both the practise of BSE and knowledge of BC were good in respondents under the age of 45, however they differed statistically significantly (X2-2.8,P = 0.041 and X2-2.6, P = 0.001, respectively). ConclusionUnderstanding the extent of breast cancer awareness and knowledge gaps in this population is critical for planning targeted interventions and educational efforts. By identifying areas where knowledge is weak, healthcare practitioners and governments can implement policies to encourage early detection practices, reduce delays in seeking medical aid, and ultimately improve breast cancer outcomes.

Treatment methods for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in England: A cost-effectiveness analysis.

To compare the cost-effectiveness of different treatments for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A cost-effectiveness analysis based on data available in the literature and expert opinion. England. Women treated for CIN. We developed a decision-analytic model to simulate the clinical course of 1000 women who received local treatment for CIN and were followed up for 10 years after treatment. In the model we considered surgical complications as well as oncological and reproductive outcomes over the 10-year period. The costs calculated were those incurred by the National Health Service (NHS) of England. Cost per one CIN2+ recurrence averted (oncological outcome); cost per one preterm birth averted (reproductive outcome); overall cost per one adverse oncological or reproductive outcome averted. For young women of reproductive age, large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) was the most cost-effective treatment overall at all willingness-to-pay thresholds. For postmenopausal women, LLETZ remained the most cost-effective treatment up to a threshold of £31,500, but laser conisation became the most cost-effective treatment above that threshold. LLETZ is the most cost-effective treatment for both younger and older women. However, for older women, more radical excision with laser conisation could also be considered if the NHS is willing to spend more than £31,500 to avert one CIN2+ recurrence.

Reproductive Outcomes in Young Women with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Greater than 2 cm Undergoing Fertility-Sparing Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Background and Objectives: Despite advancements in detection and treatment, cervical cancer remains a significant health concern, particularly among young women of reproductive age. Limited data exists in the literature regarding fertility-sparing treatment (FST) of cervical cancers with tumor sizes greater than 2 cm. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the reproductive outcomes of women diagnosed with cervical cancer greater than 2 cm who underwent FST. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register), the Health Technology Assessment Database, and Web of Science. Only original studies (retrospective or prospective) that reported reproductive outcomes of patients with cervical cancer >2 cm were considered eligible for inclusion in this systematic review (CRD42024521964). Studies describing only the oncologic outcomes, involving FST for cervical cancers less than 2 cm in size, and case reports were excluded. Results: Seventeen papers that met the abovementioned inclusion criteria were included in the present systematic review. In total, 443 patients with a cervical cancer larger than 2 cm were included in this systematic review. Eighty pregnancies occurred, with 24 miscarriages and 54 live births. Conclusions: FST appears to be a viable option for women of childbearing age diagnosed with cervical cancer larger than 2 cm. However, careful consideration is advised in interpreting these encouraging results, as they are subject to limitations, such as variability in study designs and potential biases. In addition, reproductive outcomes should be further cross-referenced with oncologic outcomes to clarify the potential risk-benefit ratio. It is critical to conduct further research using standardized approaches and larger participant groups to strengthen the validity of the conclusions drawn.

Comparative study of treatment efficacy in severe intraepithelial squamous cell lesions and preinvasive cervical cancer by conization and chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy

BackgroundCervical cancer (CC) occupies a leading position in incidence among young women of reproductive age. In this connection, it is urgent to search for the most effective approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PDT method using Cе6 with the control of the photobleaching using video and spectral fluorescence diagnostic methods, to develop the method of fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy mediated with chlorin e6 for treatment CIN 3 and CIS. Materials and methodsA randomized comparative clinical study was conducted involving 94 women aged 18 to 49 years with histologically verified severe intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of the cervix or preinvasive cervical cancer. The patients were included in 2 groups: in the first group conization of the cervix was performed with curettage of the remaining part of the cervical canal; patients in the second group underwent the chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy. ResultsThe absolute majority of patients in the main group after the first course of chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy showed normalization of cytological parameters and colposcopic picture, while women from the comparison group showed signs of cervical lesions statistically significantly more often. These changes corresponded to the dynamics of the proliferation markers expression in the cells of intraepithelial squamous cell lesions. Also, patients of the second group who were planning a pregnancy had better reproductive outcomes after treatment compared to those of the first group. ConclusionIn general, higher clinical efficacy and safety of the use of the chlorin e6-mediated fluorescence-assisted systemic photodynamic therapy in the treatment of intraepithelial squamous cell lesions and preinvasive cervical cancer have been established compared to the use of standard treatment methods.

Perioperative Exercise Testing in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women of Reproductive Age: A Systematic Review.

Women have classically been excluded from the development of normal data and reference ranges, with pregnant women experiencing further neglect. The incidence of Caesarean section in pregnant women, and of general operative management in young women (both pregnant and non-pregnant), necessitates the formal development of healthy baseline data in these cohorts to optimise their perioperative management. This systematic review assesses the representation of young women in existing reference ranges for several functional exercise tests in common use to facilitate functional assessment in this cohort. Existing reference range data for the exercise tests the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) in young women of reproductive age were assessed using the MEDLINE (Ovid) database, last searched December 2023. Results were comparatively tabulated but not statistically analysed given underlying variances in data. The role of exercise testing in the perioperative period as an assessment tool, as well as its safety during pregnancy, was evaluated using 65 studies which met inclusion criteria. There is a significant lack of baseline data regarding these tests in this population, especially amongst the pregnant cohort, which limits the application of exercise testing clinically.

The German guideline "Obesity in pregnancy": comparison with the international approach.

Obesity is an increasing problem, even in young women of reproductive age. Obesity has a negative impact on conception, the course of pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes. Caring for obese pregnant women has becoming an important aspect of standard prenatal care. The Guideline "Obesity and Pregnancy" of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics aims to create evidence-based recommendations which can be used to improve the care of obese pregnant women. As obesity is a worldwide problem, many societies for obstetrics and gynecology have created national guidelines. We reviewed the following guidelines for obesity and pregnancy: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) 2021, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (RCOG) 2018; AND Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) 2019. These guidelines were compared to the German guideline. There are some variations between the guidelines, though no major contradictions exist. Disparities were found regarding the recommendations for substitution of high folic acid and Vitamin D. Furthermore, the recommended time for screening for gestational diabetes and the methods to control fetal growth differ between the guidelines. Regarding place of birth, RCOG allows delivery in midwifery-led units in the absence of other high-risk circumstances, while others request facility of care by neonatologists and medical staff trained in care of obese women. Induction of labor at term due to increased risk of intrauterine demise is mostly limited to women with a body mass index of 40 kg/m2. Only one guideline considers induction of all obese women. For intrapartum management, the majority allows tolerating of longer labor times to delivery if fetal monitoring is sufficient and fetal stress is excluded. Special encouragement of breastfeeding and healthy lifestyle is commonly recommended; only in the Canadian guideline, postpartum depression evaluation is requested due to the overall high prevalence of depression and anxiety in obese women. All guidelines consider pregnancies in obese women as high-risk pregnancies and emphasize the need for preconception counseling. There are special needs in pregnancy care and in the intrapartum and postpartum management to be observed.

Gaps in cancer care in a multi-ethnic population in Sarawak, Borneo: A central referral centre study.

The state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo in East Malaysia, in working towards developing and strengthening cancer services through a holistic patient-centred approach, must focus on the comprehensive needs of cancer patients by taking into account the psycho-social, cultural and spiritual aspects of Sarawak's multi-ethnic, multi-cultural population. A 42-item survey questionnaire was developed and validated with a total of 443 patients. The perceived importance of information provided and level of patient satisfaction were assessed with a 5-point Likert scale in 10 domains (Diagnosis, Surgery, Radiotherapy, Systemic therapy, Clinical trials, Pain management, Treatment monitoring, Psychosocial support, Sexual care and fertility issues, and Financial support). A Spearman's rank correlation test was applied to determine the correlation between response in both item and domain categories for perceived importance and satisfaction. Overall, patients were more satisfied with information related to cancer diagnosis, treatment and surgery but less satisfied with information pertaining to sexual aspects of care and family planning, psycho-social support and financial support. The majority of patients were satisfied with the level of treatment-related information received but preferred the information to be delivered in more easily comprehendible formats. Sexual aspects of care and family planning, psychosocial support and treatment monitoring post-discharge were perceived as important but seldom addressed by health care professionals due to lack of professional counsellors, social workers and clinical nurse specialists. Many patients face financial toxicity following a cancer diagnosis, particularly when diagnosed with advanced cancer requiring complex multi-modality treatment. Cancer patients in Sarawak have various unmet information needs. Written information and educational videos in local indigenous languages may be more suitable for Sarawak's multi-ethnic population. Sexual aspects of care and family planning are challenging but essential topics to discuss, in particular due to the high prevalence of breast and cervical cancer amongst young women of reproductive age in Sarawak. Financial assessment and information on support services offered by government and non-government organisations should be provided to eligible patients. A holistic needs assessment of each patient at time of diagnosis and support through their cancer journey requires a multi-disciplinary team of medical, nursing and allied health professionals including clinical nurse specialists, pharmacists, counsellors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech and language therapists, dieticians and social workers.

Prevalence and Impact of COVID-19 in Young Women of Reproductive Age [18-44 Years] Hospitalized with Pulmonary Embolism in the US in 2020 Using National Inpatient Sample Dataset, in-Hospital Mortality, Racial Disparity and Predictors of Mortality

Title: Prevalence and Impact of COVID -19 on In-hospital Outcomes and Associated Racial Disparities in Young Women of Reproductive Age Group (18-44 years) Hospitalized with Pulmonary Embolism in the US in 2020 Background: Given the potential of thrombotic events such as pulmonary embolism in COVID-19, it is essential to comprehend the specific risks and effects on young women of reproductive age, a high-risk group for venous thromboembolism. There is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence and impact of COVID-19 in young women within the reproductive age group who were hospitalized with pulmonary embolism (PE) in the United States during the year 2020. Methods: Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2020 and relevant ICD-10-CM codes, we identified admissions for PE with COVID-19 vs. without COVID-19 among Young Women [18-44 years] hospitalized with PE. We compared the baseline characteristics and comorbidities between the two groups with and without COVID-19. Furthermore, we analyzed the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (OR) of all-cause mortality in COVID-19 with the non-COVID-19 cohort as a referent, subgroup odds for white vs. other races, and effect modification by diabetes mellitus (DM) as a comorbidity. Results: We identified 34,730 hospitalizations in young female patients of the reproductive age group (18 to 44 years) in 2020 with the diagnosis of PE, of which 2345 (6.8%) had COVID-19. The prevalence of PE was higher in COVID-19 cohort (1.6% vs. 0.6%, p&amp;lt;0.001). The majority of the patients with PE were Caucasian (58.9%) and in the lowest median income quartile (36.9%). Analysis of various comorbidities in both cohorts revealed a statistically significant higher prevalence of hypertension (29.6% in those with COVID-19 vs. 24.3% in those without COVID-19, p &amp;lt;0.001), Similarly, hyperlipidemia (11.7% vs. 7.3%, p &amp;lt;0.001), DM (20.9% vs. 12.4%, p &amp;lt;0.001), and obesity (50.3% vs. 32.7%, p &amp;lt;0.001), were more prevalent in COVID-19, indicating that patients who were admitted with PE with concomitant COVID-19 were of poorer overall cardiovascular health than those with COVID-19. Unadjusted all-cause mortality odds ratio was 2.41 (1.71-3.38, p &amp;lt;0.001) in PE with COVID-19 than non-COVID-19. Adjusted all-cause mortality for demographics, hospital level covariates, and pre-existing conditions revealed similar statistically significant findings, with the odds ratio being 2.8 (1.94-4.04, p &amp;lt;0.001). There was no racial disparity observed in all-cause mortality for non-whites compared to white patients admitted with PE and COVID-19 (p=0.064). Furthermore, all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 and PE was found to have an odds ratio of 3.04 (1.05-8.81, p=0.041) in a subset of DM compared to non-DM. The results have confirmed a further robust positive association with increasing mortality risk with DM in young women hospitalized with PE and COVID-19. Conclusion and Relevance: There was a nearly three times higher prevalence of PE and 2.5 times higher odds of mortality in Young Women of Reproductive age [18-44 years] hospitalized with PE with COVID-19 as compared to without COVID-19. The effect of PE and a higher risk of mortality are already established with COVID-19; however, there is a paucity of data in young women, which warrants more prospective studies to evaluate the long-term thromboembolic risks of PE and associated events in this population. The findings of this research could have significant implications for understanding the relationship between COVID-19 and PE in this patient population. Special emphasis needs to be laid on improved healthcare strategies, targeted interventions, and patient education in this cohort to establish future research agendas and provide better health care outcomes for this vulnerable group with established risk factors like diabetes. Key Words: COVID-19, Young Women, Pulmonary Embolism, In-Hospital Mortality, Racial Disparity, Predictors of Mortality, Diabetes Mellitus, National Inpatient Sample

Factors Affecting Recurrence of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Systematic Review.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare and benign disease that primarily affects young women of reproductive age. Various factors have been suggested as possible causes, including pregnancy, breastfeeding, history of taking birth control pills, hyperprolactinemia, smoking, and history of trauma. Due to unknown etiology, opinions on its treatment have varied, resulting in differing recurrence rates and side effects. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis can aid in understanding the causes and recurrence of the disease, thereby assisting in the selection of effective treatment and improving the quality of life. A systematic literature review was conducted using predefined search terms to identify eligible studies related to risk factors and recurrence up to June 2022 from electronic databases. Data were extracted and subjected to meta-analysis when applicable. A total of 71 studies with 4735 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 34.98 years, and the average mass size was 4.64 cm. About 3749 of these patients (79.17%) were Caucasian. Patients who mentioned a history of pregnancy were 92.65% with 76.57%, 22.7%, and 19.7% having a history of breastfeeding, taking contraceptive pills, and high prolactin levels, respectively. Around 5.6% of patients had previous trauma. The overall recurrence rate was 17.18%, with recurrence rates for treatments as follows: surgery (22.5%), immunosuppressive treatment (14.7%), combined treatment (14.9%), antibiotic treatment (6.74%), and observation (9.4%). Only antibiotic and expectant treatments had significant differences in recurrence rates compared to other treatments (p value = 0.023). In conclusion, factors such as Caucasian race, pregnancy and breastfeeding history, and use of contraceptive hormone are commonly associated with the disease recurrence. Treatment should be tailored based on symptom severity and patient preference, with surgery or immunosuppressive options for recurrence.

სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური ფაქტორების გავლენა შობადობის თანამედროევე ტენდენციებზე

სოციალურ-ეკონომიკური ფაქტორების გავლენა შობადობის თანამედროევე ტენდენციებზე

Conservative treatment of endometrial cancer in women of reproductive age (Review).

Endometrial cancer is the fifth most common female cancer worldwide and the third leading female cancer in the Western world. The marked surge in endometrial cancer incidence is alarming. The aim of the present review is to focus on endometrial cancer affecting young women of reproductive age. Surgery, namely abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy, with or without salpingo-oophorectomy, and sentinel lymph node detection has become the standard surgical strategy for early stage endometrioid endometrial cancer. However, premenopausal women might want to preserve their fertility, especially if they are nulliparous or have not reached their desired number of children at the time of diagnosis. Conservative, uterus-sparing treatment, based on progestin products, may be an advantageous option for patients meeting the necessary criteria. Potential candidates have to be committed to following a rigorous protocol of treatment, investigations and follow-up. The evidence in favor of this approach, although limited, is encouraging and patients who have achieved a histologically documented disease complete remission could attempt to conceive spontaneously or with the immediate use of assisted reproductive technology techniques. The risk of partial or negative response to progestin treatment or cancer recurrence is well documented, thus patients have to be aware of the possible need for interruption of conservative treatment and hysterectomy.

A colic mesothelial cyst, mimicking an appendicular mucocoele in an elderly patient: A case report and a literature review.

Benign cystic mesothelioma is a very rare and uncommon lesion, first reported by Plaut in 1928. It affects young women of reproductive age. It is usually asymptomatic or has non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis remains difficult despite the evolution of imaging, and the histopathological study is the key examination to make the diagnosis. Surgery remains the only curative treatment, regardless of significant rate of recurrence, and until today, no consensus on the therapeutic strategy is established.

Management of pelvic pain caused by endometriosis

Endometriosis is a disorder of the epithelium and/or endometrial-like stroma outside the endometrium and myometrium, usually with an associated inflammatory process. It mainly affects young women of reproductive age, the prevalence being estimated at approximately 10%. Due to the varied clinical symptoms marked by chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, infertility, dyspareunia, dysuria, endometriosis requires a complex treatment. Endometriosis is a major health problem with socioeconomic impact, which is why many gynecological societies have published different guidelines to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. The variety of available treatments combined with the complexity of this disease leads to significant discrepancies between recommendations. The most used is the ESHRE guidelines published in 2022, which represents an update of the ESHRE guidelines on endometriosis published in 2013 and 2005 regarding the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of endometriosis treatment methods after comparing several widely used guidelines in endometriosis management.

Role of Metabolic Surgery in Polycystic Ovarian Disease with Obesity in the Asian Population: A Systematic Narrative Literature Review

Abstract Polycystic ovarian syndrome is becoming more prevalent (up to 13%) among young women of reproductive age with obesity. Lifestyle modifications remain the first line of management of obesity in these individuals. Bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) has a role in achieving significant and sustained weight loss in cases where lifestyle modifications alone are not effective. A detailed systematic narrative literature review was undertaken to understand the role of BMS in this subset of individuals to help recommend management strategies in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome, obesity, and infertility among the Asian population. BMS has been documented to correct menstrual irregularities (from 81% to 15%, odds ratio = 0.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.08), hirsutism from 71% to 38% (odds ratio = 0.21, 95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.74), and endocrine abnormalities associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Improvement in infertility (high incidence of nearly 58%) was noted with normalization of the body mass index (BMI) postsurgery in some studies. Larger sample size studies with a longer follow-up are required to enable the development of guidelines on the role of BMS in the improvement of infertility in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. The superiority of one type of technique of BMS has not been demonstrated for improving the fertility rates (P = 0.9) among the different types of surgical procedures and pregnancy rates. Different regions of the world will need different BMI cutoffs while managing the endocrine abnormalities, menstrual irregularities, and associated infertility of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and obesity. This systematic narrative literature review is an attempt to study the relevant literature in this field with a special focus on the Asian population.

Household food security, dietary patterns and nutritional status of young children in a Nigerian community: Situation of post-COVID-19 lockdown

The emergence of the novel Coronavirus in late 2019 led to disruptions in the food, economic and health systems. There are projections that the pandemic will worsen hunger and malnutrition in families with young children and women of reproductive age in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Therefore, this study investigated household food security status, dietary patterns and nutritional status of children in a Nigerian community during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total sample of 200 mother-child pairs was selected from a Nigerian community using a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, which had four sections, was used for data collection. A food security survey questionnaire was used to assess household food security, and a food frequency questionnaire was used to capture child food patterns. Dietary diversity was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall, and nutritional status was measured using anthropometric parameters. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Almost half (48.5%) of the mothers were aged between 24 and 35 years, with a mean age of 31.63 +6.3 years. The majority of the children (69%) were between 24 and 60 months-old, with a mean age of 29.80 +15.48 months. Most participants (73.7%) were food insecure. Cereals, roots and tubers (79.5%), and sugar and junk (61.4 %) were the most frequently consumed food groups by children, while dairy products (15.8 %), vegetables (18.1%), and fruits (19.3 %) were the least frequently consumed. The majority had a low dietary diversity score (61.4%), and the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 41.3%, 27.2% and 3.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant (p=0.013) relationship between maternal age and child dietary diversity. This study reveals that most households with mothers and children 6-59 months-old were food insecure. More than half of the children had low dietary diversity, and the consequences of poor diet quality are becoming evident as wasting and stunting are high. Therefore, an urgent public health intervention is needed to improve food security in vulnerable households. Key words: Household food security, Dietary pattern, Nutritional Status, COVID-19

Multiple sclerosis in pregnancy – current neurological considerations

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition found in young women of reproductive age, and pregnancy can be a challenge. Lack of consensus on the conduct and impact of MS on pregnancy outcomes requires adequate counseling for these patients. Early initiation of treatment in MS to prevent long-term disability is extremely important because delaying treatment after the woman achieves irreversible complications may accompany reproductive goals. Aggression and disease progression requires an ideal schedule for conception. Initiation of treatment and successful pregnancy monitoring are clear goals of healthcare providers. Counseling of patients with MS before pregnancy, conduct during pregnancy, mode of delivery, and postpartum management, to which is added the choice of type of medication are important criteria that prevent complications secondary to the clinical course of this disease.