Preferences Of Young People Research Articles

Understanding and Preferences of Islamic Finance Among Gen Z

This study explores the understanding and preferences of Islamic finance among Generation Z by referring to Surah Al-Kahf verse 46. Generation Z, as a growing cohort in the digital era and globalization, has an increasingly important role in global economic development. Qualitative research methods are used to gain in-depth insight into the financial perspectives and beliefs of this generation, while verse 46 of Surah Al-Kahf was chosen as the theological basis for interpreting Islamic financial values. Results showed that, despite exposure to global culture, Generation Z showed significant interest in the concepts and principles of Islamic finance, as described in Surah Al-Kahf verse 46. Their understanding of these values influences their preferences for financial products and services. The implications of these findings for the financial industry and policymakers are presented, highlighting the importance of understanding and accommodating young people's preferences in more inclusive sustainable economic development, in line with the teachings of Surah Al-Kahf verse 46. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of how Islamic financial values, as stated in the Qur'an, can guide the transformation of the global economy towards greater sustainability and inclusiveness.

A study on the effectiveness of narrative image types, message framing, and psychological distance in enhancing young people's self-efficacy in marine garbage recycling

Intentional or unintentional littering, especially among young people, poses a threat to the marine environment. It is, therefore, necessary to enhance awareness of marine environmental protection among youth groups. This study explored the interaction between visual image types (photograph vs. cartoon), message framing (positive vs. negative), and psychological distance (human vs. turtle). A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were used to verify the hypotheses. The key findings of the research were as follows: (1) Among the eight information construction methods, cartoons combined with turtles and presented with positive outcomes were the best way to communicate, i.e., cartoons showing animals in a friendly and positive way were the most effective form of marine garbage recycling for young people, and (2) Young people's preference for information will promote their self-efficacy in marine garbage recycling. The implications of these findings for developing marine protection information communication education for youth groups are also proposed.

Factors Influencing Young People's Preferences for Sharia Mortgage Financing in Indonesia

A house is a primary need for humans, this is because a house is a place to live and a place of shelter. With the increasing population, of course, the need for houses also increases, so it will affect the price. The problem of price is a problem for young people in buying a house and KPR is a solution offered so that young people can buy a house. This study aims to examine what factors influence young people's preferences for Sharia KPR. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 25.0 tools, and this study uses a sample size of 184 respondents. The data in this study are primary data obtained from respondents by distributing them via google form. The results of this study indicate that the variables of religiosity, Islamic branding and Islamic financial knowledge have a positive and significant effect on young people's preferences regarding Sharia KPR. The conclusion of this study states that religiosity, Islamic branding and Islamic financial knowledge have an influence on young people's preferences regarding Sharia KPR.

Preferences on Governance Models for Mental Health Data: Qualitative Study With Young People.

Improving access to mental health data to accelerate research and improve mental health outcomes is a potentially achievable goal given the substantial data that can now be collected from mobile devices. Smartphones can provide a useful mechanism for collecting mental health data from young people, especially as their use is relatively ubiquitous in high-resource settings such as the United Kingdom and they have a high capacity to collect active and passive data. This raises the interesting opportunity to establish a large bank of mental health data from young people that could be accessed by researchers worldwide, but it is important to clarify how to ensure that this is done in an appropriate manner aligned with the values of young people. In this study, we discussed the preferences of young people in the United Kingdom regarding the governance, sharing, and use of their mental health data with the establishment of a global data bank in mind. We aimed to determine whether young people want and feel safe to share their mental health data; if so, with whom; and their preferences in doing so. Young people (N=46) were provided with 2 modules of educational material about data governance models and background in scientific research. We then conducted 2-hour web-based group sessions using a deliberative democracy methodology to reach a consensus where possible. Findings were analyzed using the framework method. Young people were generally enthusiastic about contributing data to mental health research. They believed that broader availability of mental health data could be used to discover what improves or worsens mental health and develop new services to support young people. However, this enthusiasm came with many concerns and caveats, including distributed control of access to ensure appropriate use, distributed power, and data management that included diverse representation and sufficient ethical training for applicants and data managers. Although it is feasible to use smartphones to collect mental health data from young people in the United Kingdom, it is essential to carefully consider the parameters of such a data bank. Addressing and embedding young people's preferences, including the need for robust procedures regarding how their data are managed, stored, and accessed, will set a solid foundation for establishing any global data bank.

The lived experience of weight loss maintenance in young people.

There continues to be an imbalance of research into weight loss and weight loss maintenance (WLM), with a particular lack of research into WLM in young people under 18 years. Failure to coherently understand WLM in young people may be a potential contributor to the underdeveloped guidance surrounding long-term support. Furthermore, no research has investigated young people's preferences around WLM support following the attendance of a residential intensive weight loss intervention from a qualitative perspective. This study explored the influences of WLM in young people following a residential intensive weight loss intervention, considered how interventions could be improved and sought to develop recommendations for stakeholders responsible for designing WLM interventions. The context in which this research is framed was taken from a residential Intensive Weight Loss Intervention for young people aged 8-17 years in England. Six semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand the lived experience of WLM, including barriers and enablers influencing WLM, adopting an interpretative phenomenological analysis design. Three superordinate themes were developed to explain the barriers and enablers to WLM; (1) Behavioural control and the psychosocial skills to self-regulate WLM; (2) Delivering effective social support; and (3) Conflicting priorities and environmental triggers. The findings of this research mirror that of other studies of WLM in young people, with the majority of young people struggling to maintain weight loss. However, by exploring the experience of WLM in young people through qualitative means, it was possible to understand the specific motivators and barriers influencing WLM behaviours in this context, providing recommendations to support WLM. The interview guide was developed in consultation with a young person from the intervention, and through discussions with the intervention stakeholders (delivery staff and management staff). The interview guide included topics such as knowledge and skills; experience of weight loss; reflections on weight maintenance, and experiences of daily life postintervention. We piloted the interview schedule with one young person who had consented to take part in the research. This first interview was used to check for understanding of questions and to assess the flow of the interview.

Support matters: How formal and informal institutions shape young Indians' work‐family preferences

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the extent to which young people's future employment preferences in India are influenced concurrently by formal workplace policies and informal caregivers' support.BackgroundScholars have focused on how young individuals' work‐family ideals are shaped by workplace institutions to better understand the persistence of gender inequalities in the labor market. Yet the literature on work‐family policy examines primarily the effects of formal policies, overlooking the role of informal caregivers. Consequently, we know little about the relative influence of formal and informal support on young individuals' work‐family preferences and why one system may be preferred over another.MethodThe study used an original survey‐experimental data from an online sample of young, highly educated and unmarried respondents in India (N = 482) to assess their employment preferences when they have a family and a young child, while conditioning them to formal and informal work‐family support. Logistic regressions examined the relationship between different support types and respondents' employment preferences.ResultsWhen not conditioned to any support, most women preferred part‐time and most men preferred full‐time employment. Women were twice as likely to prefer full‐time employment with informal support compared to formal support, but men's preferences were not sensitive to either type of support.ConclusionThe effectiveness of work‐family policies in challenging gendered behaviors depends on the credibility of formal as opposed to informal institutions.

Young People's Attitudes towards Democracy and Political Participation: Evidence from a Cross-European Study

AbstractSome scholars warn about democratic disaffection of young people potentially leading to processes of ‘democratic deconsolidation’. Conversely, others interpret young people's preference for non-conventional forms of participation as a manifestation of democratic renewal. We surveyed respondents from nine European countries and analysed differences in attitudes of opposition to democracy across age groups and how these preferences shape political mobilization. Our findings show that the youngest adult group is no less supportive of liberal democracy than older age groups. Second, although attitudes of opposition towards democracy decrease political mobilization, this association is independent of age. Thus, young people's critical views of democracy rarely translate into apathy for democracy. Finally, our results provide insights into intra-generational democratic attitude differences by showing how young people's individual attributes are likely to crystallize into different value configurations and patterns of democratic engagement over time but within specific contexts.

청년층의 공공분양주택 선호 연구

In order to solve the housing problem of young people, the government announced a plan to supply public housing for sale that combine affordable housing prices and groundbreaking mortgage support. In this study, a survey was conducted to understand the young people's preference for the newly proposed public housing for sale, and the housing perception and demographic characteristics of young people who prefer public housing for sale were analyzed. In addition, through a survey on the policy direction and detailed conditions, it was intended to propose a model of public housing for sale that young people want. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First, as a result of the survey, 49.8% of the respondents preferred public housing for sale, and such a high preference indicates the need to expand the supply of affordable public housing for sale. Second, since there are differences of opinion on the detailed conditions related to the benefits and restrictions of public housing for sale, it is necessary to set reasonable standards. Third, for young people with relatively lower assets, it is essential to provide cheonsei loans and public rental housing support to secure the current residential stability. Fourth, it is important to supply public housing with high-quality residential and educational environments for young people planning to marry and give birth. The results of the study are meaningful in that they clarify whether public housing for sale can serve as an alternative to solving the housing problem of young people, and present guidelines such as policy direction and detailed conditions.

A Novel Blended Transdiagnostic Intervention (eOrygen) for Youth Psychosis and Borderline Personality Disorder: Uncontrolled Single-Group Pilot Study.

Integrating innovative digital mental health interventions within specialist services is a promising strategy to address the shortcomings of both face-to-face and web-based mental health services. However, despite young people's preferences and calls for integration of these services, current mental health services rarely offer blended models of care. This pilot study tested an integrated digital and face-to-face transdiagnostic intervention (eOrygen) as a blended model of care for youth psychosis and borderline personality disorder. The primary aim was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of eOrygen. The secondary aim was to assess pre-post changes in key clinical and psychosocial outcomes. An exploratory aim was to explore the barriers and facilitators identified by young people and clinicians in implementing a blended model of care into practice. A total of 33 young people (aged 15-25 years) and 18 clinicians were recruited over 4 months from two youth mental health services in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: (1) the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, an early intervention service for first-episode psychosis; and (2) the Helping Young People Early Clinic, an early intervention service for borderline personality disorder. The feasibility, acceptability, and safety of eOrygen were evaluated via an uncontrolled single-group study. Repeated measures 2-tailed t tests assessed changes in clinical and psychosocial outcomes between before and after the intervention (3 months). Eight semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with the young people, and 3 focus groups, attended by 15 (83%) of the 18 clinicians, were conducted after the intervention. eOrygen was found to be feasible, acceptable, and safe. Feasibility was established owing to a low refusal rate of 25% (15/59) and by exceeding our goal of young people recruited to the study per clinician. Acceptability was established because 93% (22/24) of the young people reported that they would recommend eOrygen to others, and safety was established because no adverse events or unlawful entries were recorded and there were no worsening of clinical and social outcome measures. Interviews with the young people identified facilitators to engagement such as peer support and personalized therapy content, as well as barriers such as low motivation, social anxiety, and privacy concerns. The clinician focus groups identified evidence-based content as an implementation facilitator, whereas a lack of familiarity with the platform was identified as a barrier owing to clinicians' competing priorities, such as concerns related to risk and handling acute presentations, as well as the challenge of being understaffed. eOrygen as a blended transdiagnostic intervention has the potential to increase therapeutic continuity, engagement, alliance, and intensity. Future research will need to establish the effectiveness of blended models of care for young people with complex mental health conditions and determine how to optimize the implementation of such models into specialized services.

Cigarettes smoking and e-cigarettes using among university students: a cross-section survey in Guangzhou, China, 2021

BackgroundThere is an increase in the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes worldwide, and the similar trends may be observed in young adults. Since 2014, e-cigarettes have become the most commonly used nicotine products among young adults (Sun et al., JAMA Netw Open 4:e2118788, 2021). With the increase in e-cigarette use and the decrease in use of cigarettes and other tobacco products, however, there is limited information about Chinese smokers, e-cigarettes users and trends in cigarettes and e-cigarettes use among university students. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the using status of cigarettes, e-cigarettes and smoking behavior among the students from 7 universities in Guangzhou, China.MethodsStudents at 7 different universities in Guangzhou were investigated online in 2021 through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 10,008 students were recruited and after screening, 9361 participants were adopted in our statistics. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the smoking status and influencing factors.ResultsThe average age of the 9361 university students was 22.4 years (SD = 3.6). 58.3% of participants were male. 29.8% of the participants smoked or used e-cigarettes. Among the smokers and users of e-cigarettes, 16.7% were e-cigarettes only users, 35.0% were cigarettes only users, and 48.3% were dual users.Males were more likely to smoke or use e-cigarettes. Medical students, students from prestigious Chinese universities, and students with higher levels of education were less likely. Students with unhealthy lifestyles (e.g., drinking alcohol frequently, playing video games excessively, staying up late frequently) were more likely to smoke or use e-cigarettes. Emotion can have significant impacts on both cigarettes and e-cigarettes dual users when choosing cigarettes or e-cigarettes to use. More than half of dual users said they would choose cigarettes when they were depressed and e-cigarettes when they were happy.ConclusionWe identified factors influencing the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among university students in Guangzhou, China. Gender, education level background, specialization, lifestyle habits and emotion all influenced the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among university students in Guangzhou, China. Male, low education level, from non-prestigious Chinese universities or vocational schools, non-medical specialization, and presence of unhealthy lifestyles were influencing factors for the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among university students in Guangzhou and students with these factors were more likely to smoke or use e-cigarettes. Besides, emotions can influence dual users' choice of products.This study provides more information to better understand young people's preferences for cigarettes and e-cigarettes by elucidating the characteristics of cigarettes and e-cigarettes use, as well as related influencing factors, among university students in Guangzhou. Further research involving more variables connected to the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes will be required in our future study.

Planning for decentralized, simplified prEP: Learnings from potential end users in Ga-Rankuwa, gauteng, South Africa.

In South Africa, youth experience challenges with oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) access and uptake. Taking services out of healthcare settings has the potential to increase reach and overcome these challenges. This paper presents young and older people's preferences for decentralized, simplified PrEP service delivery and new long-acting HIV prevention methods, in Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa. Between May and August 2021, both PrEP user and non-user adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), pregnant AGYW, female sex workers, adolescent boys and young men (ABYM), and men who have sex with men (MSM) were recruited to participate in focus group discussions (FDGs) in Ga-Rankuwa, Gauteng. Twenty-two FGDs were conducted. Participants were asked about PrEP uptake, potential acceptability of long-acting HIV prevention products, provision of integrated, simplified, and decentralized services, and digital tools to facilitate access to PrEP and other SRH services. A qualitative approach using inductive thematic analysis was carried out to explore emerging themes on decentralized, simplified delivery and the acceptability of long-acting methods. Of the 109 participants included in the study approximately 45% (n = 50) were female, the median age was 23 years ± 5.3. A third (n = 37) were current or previous PrEP users, of which, 59.5% (n = 22) collected PrEP refills from the clinic. Decentralized, simplified service delivery was appealing; health facilities, pharmacies and institutions of learning were preferred as service points for PrEP and SRH services, and recreational spaces preferred for dissemination of health information and engagement. ABYM were more open to having recreational spaces as service points. Long-acting Cabotegravir was preferred over the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring due to concerns around perceived side-effects, efficacy, and comfort. Providing long-acting PrEP methods through decentralized, simplified service delivery was appealing to this population. They provided practical locations for decentralized service provision to potentially increase their engagement with and uptake of HIV prevention and SRH services.

Pengaruh Tren Fashion dan Brand Image terhadap Hijab Remaja

Fashion and clothing style is one of the most basic everyday human needs. Clothing is not only a necessity, but also reflects the lifestyle of a particular group of people and expresses their true personality and identity. may be affected. The purpose of this study is to explain the influence of fashion trends and brand image on young people's preferences for hijabs. It is intended for This research uses the library survey method or library survey. Some of the results of this study indicate that the influence of fashion trends and brand image on young people's headscarf preferences is a powerful tool for young consumers' self-expression and shopping needs.
 Keywords: Preferences, Brand Images, Fashion Trend, Hijab

How Do the Young Perceive Urban Parks? A Study on Young Adults' Landscape Preferences and Health Benefits in Urban Parks Based on the Landscape Perception Model.

(1) Background: Youth's physical and mental health is of increasing concern today. However, gaining a more comprehensive knowledge of young people's landscape preferences for urban parks is challenging. Additionally, young adults' voices (aged from 20 to 24) are often neglected. (2) Methods: This study collected 349 interview questionnaires from 2014 to 2020 and recorded them into Nvivo10. Firstly, the study did a thematic analysis using the preliminary coding framework based on the landscape perception model to code the interview data and statistics on the frequencies of each theme and code. Then, we used diffractive analysis to interpret original materials to comprehend the underlying significance. (3) Results: Our research showed that young adults' landscape perceptions are richer in diversity and express more subjective feelings. Their landscape preferences are also related to behavioral activities in addition to environmental features, which have some differences from teenagers. (4) Conclusions: It is helpful to attract more young adults by creating sound and smell landscapes, accommodating more dynamic sports and recreation facilities, and controlling unhygienic and noise problems, which can offer better design, planning, and management for creating inclusive urban parks. The landscape perception model developed in this paper can also provide a reference for related studies in the future.

Providing a pathway to community-based psychosocial or mental health support services for young people following initial encounters with police: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Offending behaviour peaks during adolescence and most lifetime mental ill-health has its onset before 18 years of age. An overlap in offending behaviour and mental ill-health is also associated with an increased risk of crime victimisation. Best-practice approaches to intervene early with these cohorts are unclear. This study aimed to identify evidence for the acceptability and effectiveness of programs that divert young people from an early encounter with police to community-based psychosocial or mental health support. A Participant-Concept-Context model was used to determine literature search terms. A search of databases for peer-reviewed articles (n = 3998) and an Internet search for grey literature documents (n = 505) was conducted. Nine eligible articles and five documents were included in the review. Analysis of two models found improvements in daily functioning, emotion regulation and reduced self-harm potential. The importance of collaborative relationships between the police, service providers and other stakeholders for effective program delivery was regularly reported. There is emerging evidence of the acceptability and effectiveness of existing diversion or early intervention programs, but limited evidence for victim support services. More research is needed to understand young people's preferences for pathway models and how crime victimisation support can be incorporated.

Young people's colour preference and the arousal level of small apartments

AbstractIt is widely believed that people have preferences in relation to the colour of their interior environment. With the development of the global small apartment industry, it is important to understand well people's colour preference for apartments. This study investigated the apartment colour preference (N = 958) and the arousal level measured as heart rate variability for 70 young Chinese people for 21 colours. The findings indicate that young Chinese people (22‐27 years of age) prefer light red, red, yellow, and gray areas of the colour space, and least prefer darker colours in the green, gray, and brown areas of the colour space. In terms of heart rate variability arousal, it was found that colours in the red, purple, and yellow areas of the colour space had the highest effect on heart rate variability arousal, vs gray and brown colours, which were found to have the lowest effect on arousal levels.

How to build a game for empirical bioethics research: The case of 'Tracing Tomorrow'.

It is becoming increasingly clear that the field of empirical bioethics requires methodological innovations that can keep up with the scale and pace of contemporary research in health and medicine. With that in mind, we have recently argued for Design Bioethics—the use of purpose‐built, engineered research tools that allow researchers to investigate moral decision‐making in ways that are embodied and contextualized. In this paper, we outline the development, testing and implementation of a novel prototype tool in the Design Bioethics Workshop—with each step illustrated with collected data. Titled ‘Tracing Tomorrow’ (www.tracingtomorrow.org), the tool is a narrative game to investigate young people's values and preferences in the context of digital phenotyping for mental health. The process involved (1) Working with young people to discover, validate and define the morally relevant cases or problems, (2) Building and testing the game concept in collaboration with relevant groups and game developers, (3) Developing prototypes that were tested and iterated in partnership with groups of young people and game developers and (4) Disseminating the game to young people to collect data to investigate research questions. We argue that Design Bioethics yields tools that are relevant, representative and meaningful to target populations and provide improved data for bioethics analysis.Patient or Public ContributionIn planning and conducting this study, we consulted with young people from a diverse range of backgrounds, including the NeurOX Young People's Advisory Group, the What Lies Ahead Junior Researchers Team, Censuswide youth participants and young people from the Livity Youth Network.

Integrated care to address child and adolescent health in the 21st century: A clinical review.

Increasing specialisation and technical sophistication of medical tools across the 21st century have contributed to dramatic improvements in the life-expectancy of children and adolescents with complex physical health problems. Concurrently, there is growing appreciation within the community of the extent that children and adolescents experience mental disorders, which are more prevalent in those with complex chronic, serious or life-limiting health conditions. In this context, there are compelling reasons for paediatric services to move to a model of care that promotes greater integration of child psychiatry within the medical, somatic teams that care for children and adolescents in children's hospitals. In this article, we discuss the range of medical disorders managed by contemporary paediatrics. We conducted a broad review of the literature and existing services, and use individual accounts to illustrate adolescents' healthcare preferences in the context of the challenges they experience around their mental health. Relevant disorders include life-limiting disorders, such as cancer; disorders involving the brain, such as epilepsy; common chronic disorders, such as asthma and diabetes; psychiatric emergencies, such as deliberate self-harm; and conditions that most commonly present to paediatric services, but where psychiatric input is required, such as severe eating disorders, somatic symptom disorders and gender dysphoria. The persisting legacy of the historical separation of physical and mental health services is described. Yet there are many models of service integration that can promote more collaborative care between psychiatrists and medical specialists, including some which have been taken to scale. In essence, clinical teams in children's hospitals require more collaborative approaches that facilitate early recognition and treatment of the psychological aspects of illness as an integral part of patient-centred, family-focussed paediatric care, rather than as something that is bolted on when things go wrong. Whilst trust and goodwill between services and providers will be required for novel models of care to be implemented, evaluation of these new models and incorporation of young people's healthcare preferences is needed.

Exploring young people's preferences for STI screening in the UK: A qualitative study and discrete choice experiment

IntroductionStigma remains a key issue for many health screening interventions such as screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Young people continue to experience the greatest burden of STI infection. In order to increase uptake, screening services need to be more patient-focused. This study sought to examine young people's preferences for sexual health screening to understand how scarce public health resources can optimise screening uptake. MethodsThis study involved both qualitative and quantitative components. Focus groups and individual interviews were undertaken with young people aged 16–24 recruited from community settings and a specialist clinic. Themes which emerged from the focus groups were used to inform the design of a discrete choice experiment (DCE). A questionnaire survey (incorporating the DCE) was conducted with members of an internet panel, with over-sampling of black, Asian and minority ethnic groups. ResultsOverall, 41 participants took part in eight focus groups and two in individual interviews. Six major themes emerged as important when making decisions about STI screening - stigma and embarrassment; knowledge about STIs and risk; where to get tested; how staff would treat them; what STIs to be tested for; and convenience (waiting times). Overall, 1946 participants took part in the survey. The DCE results revealed that the most important factors for young people are that all STIs are tested for, and that staff attitude is non-judgemental. The results also suggest that there is a preference for screening in specialist clinics and for full appointments over limited ones. Although respondents preferred shorter time periods for appointments and results, other ‘process’ factors were also important. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that by combining qualitative and quantitative methods, a richer understanding of STI screening preferences is possible. The findings show that comprehensive testing and a perceived ‘non-judgemental’ attitude are particularly important to young people, as well as convenience.

The Fine Line Between Informing and Coercing: Community Health Center Clinicians' Approaches to Counseling Young People About IUDs.

While community health centers (CHCs) are meeting increased demand for contraceptives, little is known about contraceptive counseling in these settings. Understanding how clinicians counsel about IUDs in CHCs, including whether they address or disregard young people's preferences and concerns during counseling, could improve contraceptive care. As part of a training program, 20 clinicians from 11 San Francisco Bay Area CHC sites who counsel young people about contraception were interviewed by telephone in 2015 regarding their IUD counseling approaches. An iterative grounded theory approach was used to analyze interview transcripts and identify salient themes related to clinicians' contraceptive counseling, IUD removal practices and efforts to address patient concerns regarding side effects. Most clinicians offered comprehensive contraceptive counseling and method choice. While several clinicians viewed counseling as an opportunity to empower their patients to make contraceptive decisions without pressure, they also described a tension between guiding young people toward higher-efficacy methods and respecting patients' choices. Many clinicians engaged in what could be considered coercive practices by trying to dissuade patients from removals within a year of placement and offering to treat or downplay side effects. Providers try to promote their young patients' autonomous decision making, but their support for high-efficacy methods can result in coercive practices. More training is needed to ensure that providers employ patient-centered counseling approaches, including honoring patient requests for removals.

THE OPPORTUNITIES OF GAMIFICATION IN BUSINESS PLANNING TRAINING

The attitude of society towards education change due to changes in the needs for education, shifts of young people's attitudes and preferences, the dynamism of life, the demand for “ad hoc” learning that saves time and practical applicability of the acquired knowledge, and the pursuit of quick professional realization. This means that the conventional training methods should either be modified or replaced with new methods that would meet these requirements. Such a new method is the gamification – an educational approach to learning by using video game design and game elements. Its goal is to maximize enjoyment and engagement through capturing the interest of learners and inspiring them to continue learning. This paper investigates some of the most popular types of computer games whose logical structures can be used to develop training games. Gamification is compared with the case-study approach in terms of automated computing, student feedback throughout the training process, changes that may be made in the course of the game to create new situations to which trainees are required to respond, achievement rate feedback, gradual increase of the game difficulty level by setting increasingly difficult tasks. The comparison clearly outlines the advantages of the new approach, viz. greater learners’ enjoyment of the learning content, improved engagement and more active participation in the learning process. The paper presents six models of computer games that can be used for training in the field of business planning in both secondary and higher schools (forecasting a company's market share, organizing production at minimal cost, profit maximization, risk mitigation, sales and output planning, and optimization of return on equity.) Each game is described in terms of the input data that should be provided to the participants at the beginning of the game, parameters that will be changed in the course of the game, restrictive conditions, and the role of the player/trainee.