Entry Of Young People Research Articles

Social and pedagogical assistance strategies employment of university graduates

Introduction. In the context of socio-economic changes in the world, reflecting significant transformations in the field of labor and youth employment, the demand for optimal employment of university graduates as a significant indicator of the quality of professional training of young specialists and replenishment of the labor market with a qualified labor force that ensures the implementation of progressive development goals of the world community is actualized. At the same time, universities pay insufficient attention to socio-pedagogical assistance to the employment of graduates and its strategies that increase the effectiveness of the first entry of young people into labor activity, their adaptation opportunities and competitive advantages in the labor market. Purpose of the article: the purpose of the article: to develop and experimentally test strategies for socio-pedagogical assistance to the employment of university graduates. Research methods. The experiment was attended by 448 senior students of Russian universities. A set of valid diagnostic methods was used to determine the level of formation of a culture of employment of students as a result of the implementation of strategies: a test conversation to identify complex knowledge about productive employment; survey in the field of professional plans and readiness for upcoming employment; self-monitoring questionnaire; methodology for studying the motivation of a professional career; self-efficacy scale; methodology for assessing career orientations; methodology for studying the need for self-development; methodology for assessing self-presentation skills. The validity of the obtained data was tested using Pearson χ2 criteria. Results. As a result of the development and implementation of a set of strategies for socio-pedagogical assistance to the employment of university graduates in the experimental group, a significant increase in the level of formation of the culture of employment of students was recorded (χ2 emp = 17.584) compared to students of the control group who did not show positive dynamics in the level of measured professional and personal characteristics (χ2 emp = 0.238) during experimental work. The data suggest a positive increase in high and medium levels of student employment culture. Discussion and conclusion. It was revealed that the use of strategies of social and pedagogical assistance to the employment of university graduates (updating the professional and personal potential of young specialists; sociopedagogical orientation of students to successful self-presentation; activating professional self-determination and the right to choose; scaffolding) determines the effectiveness of the formation of a culture of employment for students and sets a benchmark for increasing their competitiveness in the labor market.

ARRAKASTA programa: babes-sistematik ateratzen diren gazteek unibertsitate-ikasketak aukera-berdintasunean egiteko giltza

Hamabost urtetan bete beharreko Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburuak markatu dizkigu Garapen Iraunkorrerako 2030 Agendak; haietako bat, hezkuntza. Hezkuntzak guztiontzako eskubide bat izan behar du, kalitatezkoa, inklusiboa, bidezkoa eta etengabe ikaskuntzarako aukerak eskaintzen dituena. Artikulu honek hezkuntzari lotutako garapen iraunkorreko helburua azaltzen du; zehazki, helburu horren hirugarren erronkari helduko dio, hezkuntza-eskubidean eta goi mailako hezkuntzari dagokion aukera-berdintasunean sakonduz. Horretarako, UPV/EHUk arrakasta akademikoa lortzeko bultzatutako Arrakasta programa aitzindaria erabiliko dugu eredu gisa. Programa horrek haur eta nerabeen babeserako eta gizarte-inklusiorako sistemen barruan dauden gazteek unibertsitatean sartzeko eta goi mailako ikasketak arrakastaz bukatzeko aukera izateko baldintzak sortzen ditu. Artikulu honetan, programa hori martxan jartzeko prozesua, garapena eta bertan parte hartzen duten ikasleen pertzepzioak jasotzen dira. Parte-hartzaileen lehen pertzepzioek argi uzten dute beren goi mailako ikasketen «blindatzea» baino haratago doala programa; izan ere, itxaropenak sortzen ditu, babes-sisteman artatutako haur eta nerabeen eta agenteren ikuspegi, itxaropen eta zerumugak aldatzen ditu, eta, garrantzitsuena, hezkuntza inklusiboa eta aukera-berdintasuna bermatzen ditu.

School-to-work transition and vocational education: a comparison across Europe

Purpose Youth unemployment is one of the major problems that the economic systems face. Given this issue, the purpose of this paper is to assess whether school-to-work transition is easier for individuals with secondary vocational education compared to general secondary education. The authors want to explore which vocational systems across Europe produce better effects. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data from a module on “Entry of young people into the labour market” from the 2009 and 2014 European Labour Survey and they estimate multinomial probit models, allowing for violation of the irrelevance of the alternative assumption. Findings The authors find that in countries with the dual vocational system, vocational education improves employability both in the short and medium run, whereas in countries with a school-based vocational system, results are mixed and, only in some cases, the effect of vocational studies is significantly positive. Research limitations/implications Sample size for short-run analysis is a bit small in a few countries (Austria and Germany). Moreover, even if the authors have reason to believe that the methods adopted are mitigating the omitted heterogeneity issues and robustness checks are run on these aspects, these issues cannot be fully excluded. Practical implications The authors provide policy implications, showing that dual vocational systems can improve school-to-work transitions and that vocational structure is particularly effective in this case. Social implications The authors provide information on which education model may offer better chance in terms of labour outcomes. Originality/value Given the relevance of youth unemployment, the authors provide valuable information on how to mitigate this problem. The use of cross-country comparisons offers great insights on which vocational systems appear to be well-suited to enhance employability.

Introduction: Young Fatherhood: Lived experiences and policy challenges.

The entry of young people into early parenthood has long been regarded as an issue for social policy and for professional practice in the UK and internationally. Despite a steadily falling trend, most notably since 1998, the UK still has one of the highest rates of teenage pregnancy in Europe, concentrated in the most socially disadvantaged areas of the country (Office for National Statistics, 2015). The majority of these pregnancies are unplanned, with about half resulting in the birth of a child, although the extent to which this should be a cause for concern is a contested issue (Duncan et al., 2010). Considerable research evidence exists on the experiences of young mothers, with a range of interventions designed to meet their needs. However, young fathers (defined as those under the age of 25, a quarter of whom are estimated to be in their teens) have, until recently, been neglected in both research and policy. Over the past decade, small pockets of research evidence on the circumstances, practices and values of young fathers have begun to coalesce into a fledgling evidence base. However, the notion of 'feckless' young men, who are assumed to be absent, or disinterested in 'being there', or, worse, regarded as a potential risk to their children, continues to hold sway, particularly in popular media and some political discourses (Neale and Davies, 2015).

Improving social inclusion for young people diagnosed with “first episode psychosis”: employment, education and online support

PurposeThis article aims to summarise two papers from Australia on supporting young people in early intervention for psychosis. Both have implications for young people's social inclusion and the design of early intervention services.Design/methodology/approachThe first paper reports a new analysis of a trial of specialist employment and education support in an early intervention service. It used a statistical method called logistic regression to test whether only employment support predicted 41 participants’ success in getting into employment and education, or whether things like condition severity also mattered. The second paper reports on a new online support package for young people with “first episode psychosis” and how acceptable it was. The authors looked at 20 participants’ use of the package, and examined their well‐being before and after using it.FindingsThe first paper reported that nothing except getting specialist employment and education support predicted young people's entry to work or education. They recommend that young people in early intervention should not be denied vocational support because of things like “psychiatric symptoms”. In the second paper, young people in early intervention who used the online package reacted positively. The authors recommend a full controlled trial of the package. It could help young people when leaving the service to maintain their gains.Originality/valueThese papers advance research on early intervention psychosis services regarding young people's social inclusion needs. Specialist vocational support could prevent life‐long social exclusion. An innovative online support package has not yet been proven, but with fast‐evolving technology, it might help future service users stay well when leaving the service.

Oczekiwania a realia wejścia ludzi młodych na rynek pracy jako wyzwanie dla edukacji z przedsiębiorczości

One of the most important task of contemporary school, in addition to education, knowledge transfer and skills development, is to prepare young people to participate in economic life and particularly to enter the job market. Their success depends on a number of factors like the level and type of education, their entrepreneurial attitude, but above all on their knowledge and understanding of the market requirements. And it is the main task of the school entrepreneurship. In this article the author confronts expectations, plans and beliefs of young people (students from four secondary schools in Cracow) against their future employment in the real job market situation depicted in a report of Central Statistical Office in Poland: "Entry of young people into the job market in Poland in 2009". The conducted survey research shows several features such as: high expectations of young people towards their future work, varied and not always accurate plans for a job search, a large diversity in their initial work experience, problems with identifying their career plans and making the correct choice of further education and finally a low inclination to start their own business. Opinions of students about their own entrepreneurial attitude, usefulness of school subjects in their adult lives, and an indication of the key economic issues that, according to them, should be taught at school also supplement the studies. The results obtained by the author, showing the attitude and awareness of young people about their future career start, are the basis for discussion on further improving the process of entrepreneurship education in schools.

Young People's Entry into Wedlock: Evidence from Urban Uttar Pradesh

This article explores the process by which young adults shape their early stages of adult life. The analysis is carried out for a society which is traditional in nature and under the wave of contemporary societal changes. The young people’s transition into marriage is analyzed to examine whether the practice of early marriage still prevails in the traditional society or is governed by the law of normative sequencing of life cycle, that is education, employment, and marriage. Using age-wise retrospective primary data, the determinants of marriage timing are also analysed here.

Measuring pre‐ and post‐labour market occupational segregation using careers service data

In this article we calculate the magnitude of occupational segregation pre‐ and post‐labour market entry for young people using the Karmel and Maclachlan IP index. Our data refer to 22,280 males and 17,678 females who entered the labour market during the period 1988–91. Our results show that the magnitude of segregation is substantial, and is higher prior to young people's entry to the labour market than it is once they have entered the market. Furthermore, occupational segregation in the planned Youth Training market exceeded that for the competitive job market, thereby having a greater effect in perpetuating gender stereotypes. Several recommendations are made to change policy and practice to reduce gender segregation in the youth labour market

Young People's Entry into Higher Education: Quantifying influential factors

The government has recently raised the issue of differential rates of participation in higher education. The overall aim of this paper is to present an example of the kind of detailed research necessary to identify factors associated with low rates of participation in higher education by some groups of young people. A number of studies have suggested that in addition to educational attainment, issues such as social class, gender and parental education also influence a young person's likelihood of entering higher education. In this paper we undertake exploratory analysis of a series of nationally representative data and through statistical modelling we then identify the factors that influence a young person's chances of entry into higher education and participating on a degree level course. Through sample enumeration, an innovative statistical methodology, we were then able to quantify the substantive effects of these factors. We found that net of educational attainment a number of factors (e.g. gender and social background variables) influence the likelihood of a young person entering higher education and participating on a degree level course. In addition our analysis highlights the interwoven effects of parental education and schooling and we discuss the complex nature of the effects of ethnicity.

Le politiche per l'occupazione in Italia (Policies for Employment in Italy)

In Italy, labour market differs between northern and central areas, where the enterprises face difficulties in finding skilled workers, and southern Italy (Mezzogiorno), where unemployment is widespread. The policies, then, have to be different, and focused where the problem is deeper. Other critical aspects: the first entry of young people in job is difficult; the share of women in labour market persists low; the search of employment lasts too long; quality of jobs demanded differs from quality of jobs offered (mismatch). Confronted with these aspects, employment policies must be decentralized and monitored, as the European Commission requires. Flexibility is necessary, but it is not enough. JEL Codes: J21, J23, J31, E65 Keywords: unemployment, job, labour market, women

The Impact of Parental Pressure for Grandchildren on Young People's Entry into Cohabitation and Marriage

This paper examines the influence of parental preferences for grandchildren on young adults' entry into cohabitation and marriage. We also consider the influence of young adults' own fertility preferences on their cohabitation and marriage behaviour. We develop a theoretical framework explaining why these childbearing attitudes influence young people's cohabitation and marriage behaviour. The results show that the childbearing preferences of young women and their mothers affect their choice between cohabitation and marriage, so that wanting many children increases the likelihood of choosing marriage. Young men whose mothers want them to have many children enter any type of co-residential union, either marriage or cohabitation, at a much higher rate than men whose mothers want them to have fewer children. Our results also provide insights into the childbearing behaviour of cohabitating couples.

Employment Policies and the Entry of Young People into the Labour Market in France

British Journal of Industrial RelationsVolume 24, Issue 1 p. 29-42 Employment Policies and the Entry of Young People into the Labour Market in France J. F. Germe, J. F. Germe CNRS and CEREO.Search for more papers by this author J. F. Germe, J. F. Germe CNRS and CEREO.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8543.1986.tb00669.xCitations: 5 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume24, Issue1March 1986Pages 29-42 RelatedInformation

The Influence of Labour Market Fluctuations on School Participation

This study examines the entry of young people into the full-time labour market. A model is presented in which young people are considered as decision makers in relation to both school and the labour market. School participation, in part, func tions as a short-term buffer for fluctuations in slackness of the labour market. The model satisfactorily describes data for New Zealand in the period 1966 to 1981. Implications are derived for the determination of 'hidden unemployment' among young people, and also for appraisal of duration of schooling as an indication of quality of labour force entrants.

Education and Employment: A Survey of French Research

There is little doubt that at the end of the 1 960s, French research into the education-income relationship as a means of analysing also the relationship between training and employment remained unadvanced by comparison with work of this kind undertaken in English-speaking countries. Mainly attributable to a lack of appropriate data, this weakness incited the public authorities to develop, at the beginning of the 1970s, the gathering of such information, first on the cost of education, and then on wage levels. Thenceforth, the education-income relationship was subject to close analysis, while studies were carried out to elucidate the influence of variables other than education itself. Indeed, the need to introduce a greater number of variables in regard to both the description of the individual concerned and to his or her professional environment has since become increasingly clear. The arrival on the labour market of the highly populated post-war generations, the progressive disassociation between training and employment, the diversification of the educational system and the difficulties inherent in employing young people are just some of the factors which have led to the collection of data enabling the processes by which employment is sought and obtained to be analysed in more detail. A large part of our discussion, therefore, will be devoted to studies analysing the entry of young people into working life. At the same time, French research has not been confined to this field. As a result of valuable work focusing on age-income trends and on rates of return, it has been possible to refine the analysis of the influence of several factors linked both to training and to the individual concerned. The macro-economic aspect has also been developed, though it has been less in evidence, mainly because of the inadequate understanding of micro-economic phenomena. Indeed, research conducted within the context of French planning has led to substantial progress in this field. At a conceptual level, recent debate on the concept of skill has resulted in the identification and definition of frequently used but insufficiently clarified terms.