Young-old Men Research Articles

ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ОБЪЕМА СТВОЛА МОЗГА В ПОЖИЛОМ И СТАРЧЕСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

One of the tasks of a developed society with a high standard of living is to increase life expectancy. It is worth understanding that the increasing number of young-old and old-old population causes the importance of developing gerontology and geriatrics. Causes and consequences of aging of the central nervous system departments have been studied sufficiently; nevertheless, anatomical data on the brain structures in the age aspect, namely on changes in the brain stem volume, are poorly presented. The aim of the investigation was to carry out a comparative analysis of brain stem volume parameters in young-old and old-old men and women according to magnetic resonance imaging data. The data of magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed in 94 patients examined in the Department of Radiation Diagnostics of State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of Perm Krai «City Clinical Hospital №» in the period of 2020-2022. The patients were divided into two groups according to age periodization. The first group consists of young-old people: 27 men aged 61-74 years and 23 women aged 56-73 years. The second group was represented by old-old individuals: 23 men aged 75-88 and 21 women aged 75-88. The study sample included persons without pathologies of central and peripheral nervous system, with absence of alcohol or drug addiction, with skulls of medium shape – mesocranes. The volume of the brain stem was determined in the 3D reconstruction mode. A tendency to the prevalence of parameters of the trunk volume in the young-old men and women in comparison with representatives of the old-old age (p>0.05) was established. In each age group studied, there was a tendency for prevalence of brain stem volume parameters in men compared to women (p>0.05). Thus, the obtained data add to the scientific knowledge about age-related anatomical features of the brain stem, which, in turn, will allow their use in assessing its volume in elderly and senile patients.

Marital Support Reciprocity and Life Satisfaction Among Older Koreans

The importance of reciprocity in social support for well-being has been shown, but few studies have investigated marital support reciprocity in older Korean samples. This study examined the associations between three types of marital support reciprocity and life satisfaction, stratified by age and gender. The sample consisted of 1,578 men and 1,464 women from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans, divided into young-old (65-74) and old-old (75+) groups (M age = 75.06, SD = 6.35). Participants self-reported emotional, instrumental, and physical support provided to and received from spouses, and life satisfaction (LS). Regression models controlling for covariates showed that results varied by age and gender. For young-old males, received emotional and provided instrumental support were positively associated with LS. For young-old females, both received and provided emotional support, and received instrumental support, were positively associated with LS, but provided physical support showed negative associations. For old-old males, providing emotional support was positively associated with LS; for old-old females, only received emotional support was significant. Using interaction terms to assess reciprocity, young-old females and old-old males showed reciprocity effects for instrumental support. When participants provided and received high levels of support, life satisfaction levels were high. However, when participants provided low levels of support, received support was not significant. Thus, the effects of receipt and provision of support on LS varied by age and gender among older Koreans, but reciprocity of instrumental support was only important for young-old women and old-old men.

“Age-Related Positivity Effect” in the Relationship Between Pain and Depression Among Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Sex Differences

PurposeTo examine the “age-related positivity effect” and its sex differences in the pain-depression relationship among Chinese community-dwelling older adults. DesignCross-sectional design. MethodsThe study was conducted with a sample of 1,913 older adults in Jinan, China. Data were collected on pain intensity, age, sex, depressive symptoms, and potential covariates. ResultsThe hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that pain intensity was significantly related to depressive symptoms, there was a significant two-way interaction between age and pain intensity, and there was a significant three-way interaction between sex, age, and pain intensity. The Johnson-Neyman plot revealed that the relationship between pain and depressive symptoms decreased with advancing age, indicating an “age-related positivity effect.” And the age-related positivity effect in the pain-depression relationship was significant only in men, but not in women. ConclusionsThe study suggests that all older women and “young-old” men (younger senior citizens aged 60-79) in China are more likely to experience depressive symptoms from pain. Interventions on cognitive psychology should particularly target all older women and young-old men to reduce the detrimental effect of pain on emotional well-being.

Functional disability mediates the relationship between pain and depression among community-dwelling older adults: Age and sex as moderators

ObjectiveTo examine the moderating effects of age and sex in the role of functional disability as a mediator between pain and depression. MethodsParticipants were 1917 community-dwelling older adults from Jinan, China. Data were collected on pain intensity, functional disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms and covariates. ResultsFunctional disability partially mediated the relationship between pain intensity and depressive symptoms (estimate = 0.015, SE = 0.007, 95% CI [0.004, 0.030]). Age and sex moderated both the direct and indirect effect of the mediation model. The mediating effect of functional disability was significant in the old-old men, young-old men, and young-old women, but not in the old-old women. ConclusionsInterventions should target both pain and pain-related functional disability to improve their emotional well-being among community-dwelling older adults. Importantly, strategies should be tailored across different age and sex groups to improve their effectiveness.

Effects of nutraceuticals on sexual satisfaction and lower urinary tract symptoms in a cohort of young-old men.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutraceuticals containing multiple supplemental facts (Virherbe®/Rekupros®) on sexual satisfaction and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in young-old men. In an open-label trial, 40 males (mean age 66±13) with sexual disturbances and mild LUTS but without cognitive/motor impairment and clinical hypogonadism were enrolled. Sexual desire (SD; IIEF-SD domain) and satisfaction (Global Assessment Question; GAQ), the capacity to perform daily activities (evaluated by 6-min walking test [6MWT]), and International Prostate Symptoms Scores (IPSS) were evaluated before and after oral administration of 2 capsules/day of each supplement for 8weeks. The difference from baseline for SD was +2.6 (p<.05) and -4.2 points for IPSS (p<.05), with significance in subscales of urinary streaming/nocturia (p<.01), respectively; 6MWT increased from 507±44 versus 527±58meters (p<.001). GAQ scale-responses showed overall improvement in overall 75% population, with a significant improvement in QoL (p<.01). These changes returned to baseline at 1-month withdrawal follow-up. No adverse events were reported. These supplemental facts improved sexual desire, satisfaction with sex life, physical performance, and LUTS in young-old men, suggesting that they may be effective in patients in whom standard treatments are not suitable.

A study on the training experience and meaning of middle &amp; young-old aged men doing yoga: The men who do yoga against gender performance

A study on the training experience and meaning of middle &amp; young-old aged men doing yoga: The men who do yoga against gender performance

Population Aging at Cross-Roads: Diverging Secular Trends in Average Cognitive Functioning and Physical Health in the Older Population of Germany.

This paper uses individual-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to model trends in population health in terms of cognition, physical fitness, and mental health between 2006 and 2012. The focus is on the population aged 50–90. We use a repeated population-based cross-sectional design. As outcome measures, we use SF-12 measures of physical and mental health and the Symbol-Digit Test (SDT) that captures cognitive processing speed. In line with previous research we find a highly significant Flynn effect on cognition; i.e., SDT scores are higher among those who were tested more recently (at the same age). This result holds for men and women, all age groups, and across all levels of education. While we observe a secular improvement in terms of cognitive functioning, at the same time, average physical and mental health has declined. The decline in average physical health is shown to be stronger for men than for women and found to be strongest for low-educated, young-old men aged 50–64: the decline over the 6-year interval in average physical health is estimated to amount to about 0.37 SD, whereas average fluid cognition improved by about 0.29 SD. This pattern of results at the population-level (trends in average population health) stands in interesting contrast to the positive association of physical health and cognitive functioning at the individual-level. The findings underscore the multi-dimensionality of health and the aging process.

The Relationships between Activity and Quality of Life for Older Men and Women at Different Ages in Taiwan

This study investigated the relationships between types of activity and quality of life (QOL) for older men and women at different ages. Based on cross-sectional data that included 220 community-dwelling elderly persons aged 65 and older in southern Taiwan, the results showed that the participation rates in many activities declined with age for both genders. Social activity and solitary leisure activity were significantly associated with QOL for old-old men, but not for young-old men. Only social activity was significantly associated with QOL for young-old women, but there was no significant association between any activity and QOL for old-old women.

Age and gender differences in correlations of leisure‐time, household, and work‐related physical activity with physical performance in older Japanese adults

This study aimed to compare relationships of leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity (PA) with physical performance by age and gender in older Japanese adults. This cross-sectional study included 525 community-dwelling older adults (73.3 ± 5.2 years) recruited in 2009-2011 in Kasama City, rural Japan. We used the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly to assess PA variables. Physical performance was evaluated by 11 performance tests: grip strength, single-leg balance, functional reach, sit-and-reach, standing time from long sitting position, sit-to-stand, timed up and go, habitual walk, hand working, and simple and choice reaction times. After adjusting for potential confounders, leisure-time PA in young-old (≤ 74 years) men correlated significantly with eight performance tests (absolute value of Spearman's partial rank correlation coefficient: r = 0.18-0.39), whereas in old-old (≥ 75 years) men it correlated with three performance tests (r = 0.20-0.23). Although leisure-time PA correlated with six performance tests (r = 0.19-0.22) in young-old women, there were no significant correlations between leisure-time PA and performance tests in old-old women. Household PA of young-old men (r = 0.20-0.23) and old-old women (r = 0.26-0.34) correlated with four performance tests. In old-old men and young-old women, no significant correlation was found between household PA and performance tests. Work-related PA did not relate significantly to any performance tests in any groups. This study showed that leisure-time PA is related to physical performance, especially in young-old men and women, and household PA is especially related in young-old men and old-old women. Our findings suggest that supporting strategies for maintaining physical functions would differ by gender and age.

Association of Religious Participation With Mortality Among Chinese Old Adults

This research examines the association of religious participation with mortality using a longitudinal data set collected from 9,017 oldest-old aged 85+ and 6,956 younger elders aged 65 to 84 in China in 2002 and 2005 and hazard models. Results show that adjusted for demographics, family/social support, and health practices, risk of dying was 24% (p < 0.001) and 12% (p < 0.01) lower among frequent and infrequent religious participants than among nonparticipants for all elders aged 65+. After baseline health was adjusted, the corresponding risk of dying declined to 21% (p < 0.001) and 6% (not significant), respectively. The authors also conducted hazard models analysis for men versus women and for young-old versus oldest-old, respectively, adjusted for single-year age; the authors found that gender differentials of association of religious participation with mortality among all elderly aged 65+ were not significant; association among young-old men was significantly stronger than among oldest-old men, but no such significant young-old versus oldest-old differentials in women were found.

Factors Affecting the Health-related Quality of Life According to Age in Vulnerable Aged Men

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influenced the health-related quality of life of young-old (65-74 yr) men, old-old (75-84 yr) men, and oldest-old (85 yr or above) men in vulnerable aged received home care from public health center. The participants for this study were 318 aged Korean men living in D city. The data was collected from August to October, 2009 using structured questionnaires. Chi-square, One way ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 14.0 program were used to analyze the data. There were statistically significant differences among young-old, old-old, and oldest-old men regarding the health-related quality of life, health promoting behavior, IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), rehabilitation, depression, and social support. The model including variables related to physical, psychological, and social aspects of life, explained variance of the health-related quality of life of aged men differently, such as 39.6% of young-old, 35.4% of old-old, and 47.0% of oldest-old. Finally, IADL and social support were predictors in explaining the level of health-related quality of life among vulnerable old men regardless of age. Based on the findings of the study, nursing interventions should be developed to improve health-related quality of life of vulnerable aged men according to age differences.

Prevalence and correlates of frailty among community-dwelling older men and women: findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study.

frailty, a multi-dimensional geriatric syndrome, confers a high risk for falls, disability, hospitalisation and mortality. The prevalence and correlates of frailty in the UK are unknown. frailty, defined by Fried, was examined among community-dwelling young-old (64-74 years) men (n = 320) and women (n = 318) who participated in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, UK. the prevalence of frailty was 8.5% among women and 4.1% among men (P = 0.02). Among men, older age (P = 0.009), younger age of leaving education (P = 0.05), not owning/mortgaging one's home (odds ratio [OR] for frailty 3.45 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.01-11.81], P = 0.05, in comparison with owner/mortgage occupiers) and reduced car availability (OR for frailty 3.57 per unit decrease in number of cars available [95% CI 1.32, 10.0], P = 0.01) were associated with increased odds of frailty. Among women, not owning/mortgaging one's home (P = 0.02) was associated with frailty. With the exception of car availability among men (P = 0.03), all associations were non-significant (P > 0.05) after adjustment for co-morbidity. frailty is not uncommon even among community-dwelling young-old men and women in the UK. There are social inequalities in frailty which appear to be mediated by co-morbidity.

Adverse life events among community-dwelling persons aged 65–70 years: gender differences in occurrence and perceived psychological consequences

To describe the occurrence of selected adverse life events in young-old men and women, as well as their perceived psychological consequences. In 2005, 1,422 participants in the Lausanne Cohort 65+ study, born in 1934-1938, self-reported whether they experienced any of 26 life events during the preceding year. Most participants (N = 1,309, 92%) completed the geriatric adverse life events scale during a face-to-face interview, by rating the level of stress associated with each event, as well as its impact on their psychological well-being. Overall, 72% of the participants experienced at least one of the 26 events in the preceding year (range 1-9). Disease affecting the respondent (N = 525) or a close relative (N = 276) was most frequent, as well as the death of a friend or non-close relative (N = 274). Women indicated a higher frequency of events (mean 2.1 vs. 1.7 events, P < 0.001), as well as a higher level of stress and a stronger negative impact on well-being than men. In multivariate analyses adjusting for self-rated health, depressive symptoms and comorbidity, female gender remained significantly associated with the level of stress and negative impact on psychological well-being. This exploratory study shows that several types of adverse life events frequently occur at age 65-70, with gender differences both in the frequency of reporting and consequences of these events. However, information on this topic is limited and studies based on different populations and designs are needed to better understand the impact of such events.

Predictors of Memory in Young-old and Old-old Adults

A contextualist approach was adopted to assess cognitive functioning and psychological well-being in a representative sample of young-old (60-74 years, n = 107) and old-old (75-92 years, n = 58) women and men in an effort to: (1) delineate age and gender similarities and differences within this elderly cohort; and (2) identify individual differences predictive of remembering. Measures of subjective well-being included morale, depression, and perceived control. Cognitive measures included intentional story recall and incidental symbol memory, rate of information processing, and cognitive flexibility. Health status, gender, and education were also investigated. Decrements were observed in intentional and incidental memory, rate of information processing, solution of Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, and Mini-Mental Status Examination, but not on accuracy of information processing, estimates of intelligence, well-being measures, education, or health status. The intentional story memory of women was more accurate than that of men. Education and gender, along with processing speed and mental ability, as indexed by the Raven coloured matrices, predicted story memory. These results of a representative sample validate recurrent trends seen in previous convenience samples. They extend the understanding of the relationship between ageing and cognition by identifying the role of processing resource, psychosocial, and demographic factors in modulating memory performance and highlighting methodological factors which must temper interpretation of these relationships.

Predicates of Personal Control among Middle-Aged and Young-Old Men and Women in Middle America

These analyses explore relationships between the conscious general sense of control and :1) personal evaluations of major life domains (health, spouse's health, marriage, parenting, work, leisure): and 2) spouse's evaluations of life domains, within groups defined by gender and age. Respondents include 101 men and 127 women; all are Caucasian; they reside in a middle-class community in the midwestern United States; they are aged forty-three to seventy-six (M = 56); they are all in long-term marriages, with an average of 4.4 children; and 73 percent had at least one child living at home. Evaluations of life domains included self-report satisfaction and investment scales completed after personal interview questions about the domain. There were no gender differences and minimal age differences in levels of sense of control or evaluations of the life domains. However, as expected, multiple regression analyses indicated that the evaluations that contribute to a sense of control vary by gender and be age group within gender group. For men, the sense of control is linked to experiences in work; for younger middle-aged men, satisfaction with health is important; and for older men, investment in marriage is also important. Younger middle-aged women's sense of mastery is tied to satisfaction with mothering and investment in their own health; older women's sense of control is linked to satisfaction with marriage, health, and leisure. Age group patterns may reflect both developmental and cohort effects.

Age and regional differences in reliability and factor structure of the Zung Self-rating Scale in elderly Finnish men.

Regional and age differences in the reliability and factor structure of the SDS among elderly (65-84 years) men who were living either in eastern or in southwestern Finland were investigated. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was .803 for the eastern and .809 for the southwestern cohort; these figures were reasonably high. The tendency found was for the coefficient to be somewhat higher for the old (75-84 years) than for the young-old (65-74 years) population. In investigating the factor structure, a principal components factor analysis was performed, and the remaining factors were rotated using the orthogonal Varimax rotation algorithm. Three factors emerged for young-old men in the East, for young-old men in the Southwest and for old men in the Southwest, and four factors for old men in the East. The factor patterns of the first two factors showed similarities in both regions, but their order was different. "Loss of self-esteem" accounted for more of the common variance in the East and "agitated mood" in the Southwest. The differences in the third factor between the two regions were evident.

Sex and age differences of factor pattern and reliability of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale in a Finnish elderly population.

Sex and age differences on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale and the reliability of the scale among an elderly population of 1358 were investigated. A principal-components factor analysis was performed, and the remaining factors were rotated using the orthogonal varimax rotation algorithm. Four factors emerged for young-old (60–74 yr.) men, three for old-old (75+ yr.) men, three for young-old (60–74 yr.) women, and four for old-old (75+ yr.) women. The first factor was similar for young-old men, old-old men, and young-old women, and dealt with “loss of self-esteem”. The first factor for old-old women dealt with “agitated mood with somatic symptoms”. The second factor was also similar for young-old men, old-old men, and young-old women, and it described “agitated mood with somatic symptoms”, being similar to the first factor for old-old women. The second factor for old-old women was similar to that of the first factor (“loss of self-esteem”) for the other three groups. The third factor for young-old men and old-old women described psychomotor retardation. For young-old women the theme of the third factor was “depressed mood”, and for old-old men the predominant theme was “somatic symptoms”. Somatic symptoms were the main theme of the fourth factor for young-old men and old-old women. These results showed that there are sex and age differences in the factor structure of the scale among the elderly population. Cronbach alpha coefficients were relatively high: 0.73 for young-old men, 0.75 for old-old men, 0.72 for young-old women and 0.77 for old-old women.