Yin Syndrome Research Articles

Study on the effect and mechanism of Yanghe decoction Huacai on tissue repair ofsyndrome after anal fistula surgery.

To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yanghe decoction Huacai for the repair of Yin syndrome wounds with slow-healing after anal fistula surgery. A total of 120 patients with slow-healing negative wounds with after low-grade anal fistula surgery who met the inclusion criteria were divided into a treatment group and a control group based on a random number table method, with 60 patients in the treatment group and 60 patients in the control group. The treatment group was given Yanghe decoction Huacai in combination with routine treatment; the control group was only given routine treatment, in which the wound surface was disinfected with iodine, and then covered with sterile gauze. The course of treatment in both groups was 10 d. After treatment, the wound secretion score, wound granulation tissue score, the expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the wound, wound healing time and clinical efficacy were compared. There was no significant difference in age or gender between the two groups (P > 0.05). On the 10th and 15th days after the surgery, the wound secretion scores were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). Comparing the two groups at the 10th and 15th day after surgery, the granulation tissue growth scores in the treatment group were better than the in control group (P < 0.01). On the 10th and 15th day after operation, the expression levels of bFGF, TGF-β1 and EGF factors in the treatment group were stronger than those in the control group. The healing time of the wounds in the treatment group was significantly shorter than in the control group (P < 0.01). The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment was compared, and the overall efficacy of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). Yanghe decoction Huacai have significant efficacy in the treatment of slow-healing wounds with Yin syndrome after anal fistula surgery. It improves wound secretions, promotes the growth of wound granulation tissue, and shortens wound healing time. Its mechanism of action may be related to the control of wound inflammation. It is related to increasing the expression of bFGF, TGF-β1 and EGF in wound tissue, and promoting wound angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation.

Treatment of Granulomatous Mastitis with Half-Yin and Half-Yang Syndrome

AbstractGranulomatous mastitis (GM) is a refractory chronic mastitis, which belongs to the category of “acne mammary abscess” and “ulcer” in Traditional Chinese External Medicine. According to yin-yang syndrome differentiation, the disease can be divided into yin syndrome, yang syndrome, and half-yin and half-yang syndrome. Among them, the theories and treatment of yin syndrome and yang syndrome are relatively comprehensive in Traditional Chinese External Medicine. However, the half-yin and half-yang syndrome lacks a specific theoretical elaboration and treatment system, which is a special and complex syndrome of the disease, limiting the improvement of the clinical efficacy of the disease. The core pathogenesis of GM with half-yin and half-yang syndrome is “obstruction of nutritive and defensive phases, and yin-yang obstruction.” The clinical features are local yin syndrome complicated with yang syndrome, and the disease is lingering and difficult to cure. For syndrome differentiation, it is advisable to “attach more importance to the local while less importance to the whole body.” The treatment should be based on the general principle of “eliminating yin and transforming yang.” For the use of herbs, it is recommended to adopt the methods of “the combination of the herbs in cold and warm nature, mainly with herbs in warm nature, attaching more importance to use the herbs with the function of ascending and less to descending.” Finally, restore the normal circulation of qi and blood as well as the balance of yin and yang to achieve the purpose of treatment.

Schisandrin C enhances cGAS-STING pathway activation and inhibits HBV replication.

Schisandra Chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. is a long-term used traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of tonifying the kidney and calming the heart, tonifying qi and engendering fluid. It can be used to treat insomnia and dreaminess, spermatorrhea, coughs, as well as liver and kidney deficiency of Yin or Yang Syndrome. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Schisandra Chinensis regulates host immunity and exhibits anti-cancer, antiviral and liver-protecting effects. However, the specific mechanism by which Schisandra Chinensis modulates antiviral immunity is unknown. We sought to explore the therapeutic effect of the active components of Schisandra Chinensis on anti-viral immunity and further investigate the underlying mechanism. Immunoblotting, quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the effect of schisandrin C (SC), one of the most abundant and biologically active components of Schisandra Chinensis, on the activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway and the underlying mechanism. In addition, CMA-mediated STING activation and hydrodynamic injection-mediated HBV-replicating mouse model were used to investigate the effect of SC on the activation of STING signaling pathway and its antiviral effect in vivo. SC promoted cGAS-STING pathway activation, accompanied by increased production of interferon β (IFN β) and downstream gene expression. Moreover, SC also exerted anti-HBV effects, reducing HBeAg, HBcAg, HBsAg, and HBV DNA levels in hydrodynamic injection-mediated HBV-replicating mouse model and elevating the production of IFN β and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (IFIT1, ISG15, and CXCL10). Mechanistically, SC could facilitate the interaction between TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and STING, which is important for IRF3 phosphorylation and production of IFN β. Our study confirmed that SC enhances cGAS-STING pathway activation and inhibits HBV replication, as well as provides clues for chronic hepatitis B and other infectious diseases treated by SC.

Wound management and nursing of a patient with diabetic foot with refractory Yin syndrome

Wound management and nursing of a patient with diabetic foot with refractory Yin syndrome

Shashen-Maidong Decoction inhibited cancer growth under intermittent hypoxia conditions by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceLung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours and has become the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Abnormal microcirculation during tumour growth leads to intermittent hypoxia (IH), which is responsible for promoting cancer cell proliferation and migration. Patients with advanced lung cancers show deficiency of both Qi and Yin Syndrome (DQYS) in TCM, and studies have confirmed that IH exposure is related to DQYS. Shashen-Maidong Decoction (SMD), has been widely applied clinically targeting DQYS and has a long history for treating lung cancer by nourishing the body's “zheng qi” and resisting “xie qi”. However, whether SMD could be beneficial to lung cancer under IH conditions remains unclear. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to clarify the effects and mechanism of SMD on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) growth under IH conditions. Materials and methodsC57 mice were injected subcutaneously into the right axilla with Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells and exposed to IH conditions (21%–5% O2, 5 min/cycle, 8 h/day) for 21 days. SMDs were orally treated with different concentrations (2.6, 5.2 or 10.4 g/kg/day) 30 min before IH exposure. Tumour proliferation and migration were assessed by HE and IHC staining, and oxidative stress was assessed by DHE staining and MDA or SOD detection. IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were assessed by IHC staining, and the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway was detected by western blotting. ResultsOur results showed that SMD treatment inhibited tumour growth and liver metastasis in LLC-bearing mice exposed to IH, decreased Ki67, CD31, VEGF, and MMP-2, and increased E-cadherin expression in tumourt tissue. SMD reduced ROS production, increased SOD levels and SOD-2 expression, and decreased MDA levels and NOX-2 expression. SMD decreased IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α levels, reduced IL-6 expression and inhibited JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation. Additionally, SMD treatment improved DQYS and liver and kidney function in LLC-bearing mice under IH conditions. ConclusionOur research suggests that SMD treatment can inhibit tumour growth in mice exposed to IH. The antitumour effect of SMD may be related to attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation through inactivation of the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway under IH conditions.

Production of an Animal Model of Semi-Yin and Semi-Yang Syndrome with Diabetic Ulcers and Study of Its Pathological and Metabolic Features.

Background To create an animal model for diabetic ulcers with semi-Yin and semi-Yang (SYSY) syndrome and to study the pathological and metabolic features of SYSY syndrome. Methods Firstly, based on the clinical characteristics of the SYSY syndrome of diabetic ulcer, an animal model of diabetic ulcers with SYSY syndrome being full-thickness skin defects was created by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally, infecting with Staphylococcus aureus, and gastrically administering senna. Secondly, the content and distribution patterns of collagen fibers, the expression of neutrophils and macrophage markers, angiogenesis, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-10 in the rats with Yang syndrome, Yin syndrome, and SYSY syndrome of diabetic ulcers at different time points were detected. Representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ointment of Yang syndrome, Yin syndrome, and SYSY syndrome was used to treat this animal model. The above indexes in each treatment group were detected. Finally, metabonomics was used to detect and analyze the changes of differential metabolites related to macrophage metabolism in Yang, Yin, and SYSY syndromes at different time points. Results An animal model of diabetic ulcers with SYSY syndrome was established. The pathological features of the SYSY syndrome group were chronic low-grade inflammatory reactions. On the third day, the SYSY syndrome group displayed lower expression of CD16, CD68, CD163, IL-1β, and metabolites related to M1-type macrophages compared with other groups. On the seventh day, the SYSY syndrome group showed lower expression of CD31, IL-10, myeloperoxidase, and metabolites related to M2-type macrophages. Treatment with Chong He Ointment, a representative TCM ointment for SYSY syndrome, reversed the expression levels of these indexes and promoted wound healing in the SYSY group. Conclusion SYSY syndrome presents a persistent pathological state of low inflammation, which may be caused by an insufficient activation of the M1-type metabolic pathway in macrophages in the early acute inflammatory stage, resulting in the incomplete clearance of pathogens and debris and continuous stimulation of macrophages to initiate the M1-type metabolic pathway. CD163, CD31, IL-10, and citric acid can be used as potential specific markers for the recovery and progression of SYSY syndrome.

On the Academic Value and Influence of Wang Hao-gu’s ‘Yinzheng Lueli’

The magnum opus of the famous physician Wang Haogu in the Yuan Dynasty, "Yinzheng Lueli (Brief Examples of Yin Syndromes)", invented the "Yin Syndrome" theory based on "The Treatise on Febrile Diseases", systematically discussed the theory of "cold drinking leads to internal injury", and advocated the treatment of warm tonifying the spleen and kidney rather than heat tonification, initiated the study of "warm tonification" in the subsequent Ming and Qing Dynasties. These have played an important role in the inheritance and advancement of the Yishui School, and also have a profound impact on the Chinese medicine theory and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in later generations.

Shashen-Maidong Decoction improved chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment through regulating glutamatergic signaling pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevanceObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which is associated with cognitive impairment. Previous study suggested CIH exposure could induce similar symptoms and signs to the clinical features of Deficiency of both Qi and Yin Syndrome (DQYS) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Shashen-Maidong Decoction (SMD) has been applied clinically for DQYS for hundred years. However, SMD treatment could be beneficial to CIH induced cognitive impairment is still unclear. Aim of the studyTherefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SMD treatment on CIH induced cognitive impairment, and to explore the related neuroprotective mechanism. Materials and methodsMice were exposed to CIH for 5 weeks (8 h/day) and were orally treated with either vehicle or SMD (5.265 g/kg/day) 30 min before CIH exposure. Spatial memory was evaluated by Morris Water Maze and Y-Maze test. Synaptic morphology in hippocampus was observed by Golgi-Cox staining and Electron microscope, and NR2B-ERK signaling pathway were detected by western blotting. ResultsOur results showed that SMD treatment improved performance in either Morris Water Maze or Y-Maze test in mice exposed to CIH, increased spine density and postsynaptic density (PSD) thickness in hippocampus. SMD treatment suppressed the over-activation of NR2B/CaMKII/SynGAP induced by CIH exposure, enhanced ERK/CREB phosphorylation and increased PSD-95 and BDNF expression. ConclusionSMD attenuates the CIH-induced cognitive impairment through regulating NR2B-ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings provided that DQYS may be the potential therapeutic target for neurocognitive diseases in patients with OSA.

Analysis of animal models of heart failure based on characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese and Western medicine

The incidence of heart failure has increased year by year, with a negative impact on quality of life and life expectancy of patients. Reproduction of animal models that meet the characteristics of clinical symptoms is a prerequisite for conducting experimental studies relating to heart failure. Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of heart failure in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and Western medicine, the existing common animal models of heart failure were explored, and the clinical anastomosis of the existing animal models was analyzed based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of heart failure in TCM and Western medicine. After analysis and comparison, it can be seen that the existing modeling methods are mostly single-factor animal models, with certain gaps between the characteristics of clinical multi-factors and interactions that jointly lead to heart failure, and the modeling methods were mostly guided by Western medicine, with a lack of TCM pathogenic factors in the model process, which is different from the clinical diagnostic criteria of Chinese and Western medicine for heart failure. In terms of syndrome differentiation, heart failure is classified into heart and lung Qi deficiency syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome, heart and kidney Yang deficiency syndrome, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, Yang deficiency and water flooding syndrome, phlegm-drinking obstructive lung syndrome, Yin and yang exhausted syndrome. The existing animal models mostly confused them, with no effective and recognized method for modeling at present. There are major limitations in studies of Chinese medicine. Therefore, based on clinical characteristics of heart failure in Chinese and Western medicine, this article analyzed the existing animal models, defined their advantages and disadvantages and application prospects, and then suggested further improving the corresponding animal models of heart failure and standardizing the model evaluation, so as to improve the clinical coincidence between animal models and Chinese and Western medicine, make heart failure animal models better serve scientific studies, and promote relevant mechanism studies, pathological change studies and drug screening.

Study on traditional Chinese medicine common syndrome characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 based on latent structure combined with system clustering analysis

To investigate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) common syndrome characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thus providing evidence for clinical differentiation. The COVID-19 TCM treatment plan and syndrome related literature published before February 24, 2020 was searched and a database was established. TCM common syndrome characteristics of COVID-19 were analyzed by the method of latent structure and system clustering combined with frequency and constituent ratio, which were conducted by Lantern 5.0 and SPSS 20.0. Forty-two literatures about treatment plans, and 212 syndromes records were enrolled. Latent structure model was established based on 53 symptoms with frequency over 10, and 14 latent variables and 7 syndromes were concluded by comprehensive clustering, including syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung, internal block and outward desertion, syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung, syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency, syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung, syndrome of cold dampness closing lung and syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen. Factor analysis was conducted for 53 symptoms, which were reported more than 10 times, and 14 common factors were obtained. Symptoms with load coefficient over 0.3 were clustered and 6 syndromes were obtained, including syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung, syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung, syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency, internal block and outward desertion, syndrome of cold dampness closing lung, and syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung. The literatures included 25 syndromes, and the syndromes with constituent ratio over 5% were internal block and outward desertion (14.62%), syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung (13.68%), syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung (12.74%), syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung (10.85%), spleen and syndrome of cold dampness closing lung (8.50%), syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency (8.50%), syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung (8.02%) and syndrome of dampness repressing defensive Qi of lung (5.66%). Eighty-seven symptoms whose cumulative frequency was 2 838 were referred, including greasy fur (5.25%), fever (4.83%), red tongue (4.37%), rapid pulse (3.74%) and fatigue (3.46%). According to the results above, the common syndromes and their symptoms of COVID-19 were: (1) syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung: fever, cough, throat-drying, headache, all of the body distressed and constipation, etc.; (2) syndrome of cold dampness closing lung: aversion to cold, all of the body distressed, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention and loose stool, etc.; (3) syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung: cough, sticky phlegm, anorexia, thirst without desire to drink and constipation, etc.; (4) syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung: fever, cough, yellow phlegm, wheezing, suffocation and purple lips, etc.; (5) internal block and outward desertion: coma, feel fidgety, suffocation, sweating and feel cold and purple lips, etc.; (6) syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency: dry cough, sweating, fatigue, thirsty, feverish feeling in palms and soles and loose stool, etc.; (7) syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen: cough, wheezing, sweating, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and loose stool, et al. The common syndromes of COVID-19 were syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung, syndrome of cold dampness closing lung, syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung, syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung, internal block and outward desertion, syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency and syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen. This study could provide reference for clinical differentiation.

Serum proteins TGFBI, PCSK9, and CCL14 are potential biomarkers for different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) tend to have a long course of anti-TB treatment and severe side effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a synergistic effect in attenuation of MDR-TB. However, the lack of objective biological standards to classify and diagnose MDR-TB TCM syndromes could result in less effective TCM treatment. Therefore, in this study, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in serum of individuals with MDR-TB TCM syndromes by applying isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS) method and bioinformatics analysis. The functional analysis of DEPs was also performed. Additionally, DEPs among three different TCM syndromes of MDR-TB were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to estimate the diagnostic ability of DEPs. A total of 71 DEPs were identified in the three different MDR-TB TCM syndrome groups such as the pulmonary Yin deficiency (PYD) syndrome group, the Hyperactivity of Fire due to Yin deficiency (HFYD) syndrome group, and the deficiency of Qi and Yin (DQY) syndrome group. The results showed that the expression level of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI) was lower in the PYD syndrome group (p = .002), the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was overexpressed in the HFYD syndrome group (p < .0001), and the C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) expression level was reduced in the DQY syndrome group (p = .004). Our study demonstrated that serum TGFBI, PCSK9, and CCL14 may serve as potential novel biomarkers for PYD syndrome, HFYD syndrome and DQY syndrome of MDR-TB, respectively. The study provides a biological basis for MDR-TB TCM syndromes classification and can be of great significance for the treatment of different TCM syndromes.

Exploration of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction formula syndromes based on severe cases of critical care and its application for nosocomial infection in critical care medicine including hyperpyrexia after tracheotomy and severe pain accompanied by acute myocardial infarction and diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction recorded in Treatise on Febrile Diseases by Zhang Zhongjing in the Han Dynasty have been widely used in treating Yang deficiency and exogenous wind-cold syndrome by traditional Chinese medicine physicians for thousands of years. The indications of Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction include bradyarrhythmia,sinus bradycardia,sick sinus node syndrome,senile exogenous,asthmatic cold,rhinitis,bronchial asthma,optic neuritis,optic atrophy,sudden blindness,sudden onset of cough,laryngeal obstruction,migraine,joint pain,low back pain,insomnia,shock,heart failure,renal failure,accompanied by fever or nosocomial infection,and hyperpyrexia after tracheotomy; dark complexion,chills,cold limbs,listlessness,fatigue,insomnia,lack of thirst,liking hot drinks,slightly swollen limbs or whole body,pale fat tongue,greasy fur,and deep pulse. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction is a potential drug for Shaoyin disease complicated with fever and pain. Tracheal intubation is an artificial ephedrine syndrome. It is necessary to distinguish Yin and Yang syndrome in treating hyperpyrexia after tracheotomy. However,it belongs to Yin syndrome,which could be treated by Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction is effective in the treatment of sick sinus syndrome,second degree atrioventricular block and third degree atrioventricular block. It can significantly alleviate symptoms,improve heart rate,and heart rhythm in a short period of time. However,after one year of drug withdrawal,the diseases may recur,indicating that Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction may not improve the long-term prognosis of slow arrhythmia. Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction is often used for fever or nosocomial infection in critical care medicine. In the treatment of critical care medicine complicated with high fever,Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction is often taken continuously by stomach tube.

Application of classical formula in treatment of diabetes

The application of classical formula in the treatment of diabetes has a long history. Zhang Zhongjing set up a special chapter on consumptive thirst in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber,listing Baihu Jia Renshen Decoction for exuberant heat in the lung and stomach,dual deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome,and Shenqi Pills for kidney Qi deficiency syndrome. However,the clinical application is not limited to them. In this study,formulas of Huanglian,Dahuang,Chaihu,Gualougen,Lingzhu,Huangqi and Dihuang are listed as the main therapeutic methods for diabetes mellitus,with effects in clearing heat,dredging the bowels and purging turbid,clearing depression and dispersing knots,nourishing Yin and quenching thirst,invigorating spleen and draining dampness,supplementing Qi and tonifying deficiency,nourishing Yin and tonifying kidney,which have the advantages for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Based on accurate differentiation of symptoms and signs,consideration shall be given to both " of diseases and syndromes",while emphasis shall be given to the " main symptoms",so as to flexibly apply classical formula and expand the scope of application.

Effect of Yinqi ointment on wound morphology and growth factor in treating diabetic foot ulcer

Objective: To investigate the effect of Yinqi ointment on wound morphology and growth factor in treating diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods: From December 2016 to December 2017, 92 cases of DFU with deficiency of both Qi and Yin syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group and control group (44 cases in each group). The treatment group was treated with Yinqi ointment, while the control group was treated with mupirocin ointment. After 4 weeks of treatment, the ulcer healing effect, ulcer area, granulation tissue, epithelial tissue coverage, pain score, and dynamic analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermis growth factor (EGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in local granulation tissue were statistically analyzed before and after treatment in both groups. Results: The total effective rate was 88.37% in the treatment group and 74.42% in the control group. The wound reduction rate, epithelial tissue coverage rate, granulation tissue growth rate, and local pain relief rate in the treatment group were significantly superior to those in the control group (P

Unique MicroRNAs Signature of Lymphocyte of Yang and Yin Syndromes in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.

To identify the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) profiles of yang and yin syndromes in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and to provide the molecular basis of the classification of these two syndrome types in acute ischemic stroke patients. A microarray assay was performed to assess the expression pattern of miRNAs in the lymphocyte of acute ischemic stroke patients. Target genes for the deregulated miRNAs were predicated using the online bioinformatic algorithms and functional annotation via Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis for miRNAs predicted targets was carried out. Based on the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs, the miRNA-gene-network and miRNA-pathway-network were constructed. Yang score based on tongue texture, urine, dejecta, and appearance, etc. showed that clinical symptoms were distinct between yang and yin syndromes. There were significantly higher total leukocyte number and lower total protein level in patients with yang syndrome compared with those in patients with yin syndrome (P<0.05). Comprehensive miRNA analysis identified 36 unique down-regulated miRNAs in yang syndrome group, and 20 unique down-regulated and 2 unique up-regulated miRNAs in yin syndrome group. The key regulatory miRNAs, gene, and pathways in the yang syndrome were hsa-miR-93-5p and -320b, enabled homolog, the metabolic pathways and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, respectively, while those in the yin syndrome were hsa-miR-424-5p and -106b-5p, CNOT4, hepatitis B and pathways in cancer, respectively. These results offered insight into the molecular basis underlying the different pathogenesis of yang or yin syndrome, providing clues for the individualized therapeutic strategies of acute ischemic stroke.

Cardioprotection of Sheng Mai Yin a classic formula on adriamycin induced myocardial injury in Wistar rats

BackgroundSheng Mai Yin (SMY), a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, is widely used to treat cardiac diseases characterized by the deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome in China. SMY-based treatment has been derived from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), officially recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. PurposeWe aimed to clarify whether SMY attenuates myocardial injury induced by adriamycin in Wistar rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). MethodsTo quantify ginsenoside Rg1, ophiopogonin D, ophiopogonin D’, schisandrin by HPLC. To establish CHF animal model, adriamycin was intraperitoneally injected in Wistar rats for 7 weeks at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Overall, 180 rats were randomly assigned to six groups: control, CHF model, captopril (positive control), high dose (HSMY), medium dose (MSMY), and low dose (LSMY). Experimental rats were fed 0.625 mg/kg captopril and 90 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, and 22.5 mg/kg SMY, respectively, over 7 weeks. The inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were measured using ELISA. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were identified using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Both IHC and RT-PCR were used for quantification of COL-IV expression levels in the heart tissues. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the visualization of myocardium morphology. ResultsThe concentration of ginsenoside Rg1, ophiopogonin D, ophiopogonin D’ and schisandrin in SMY was found to be 25.63 ± 3.42 mg, 11.00 ± 1.17 mg, 7.02 ± 0.51 mg, and 25.31 ± 4.28 mg per gram of SMY, respectively. Compared with CHF model group, TNF-α levels were significantly lower (p < .01) in the four drug-administered groups. Moreover, except in the SYM low dose group, IL-6 levels in the other 3 drug-administered groups were also significantly reduced (p < .01). COL-IV expression was also significantly reduced on treatment with high SYM dose (p < .05). IHC results confirmed that SMY and captopril significantly reduced MMPs expression in the heart. ConclusionSMY could control or slow CHF progression by suppressing pathological changes in the myocardium in CHF models. This could be attributed at least partly to the downregulation of IL-6 and TNF-α and inhibition of overexpression of MMPs and COL-IV, which significantly relieved the cardiac-linked pathologies, decreased the risk of myocardial fibrosis, and inhibited cardiac remodeling. These findings suggested that SMY and captopril have similar efficacy for the treatment of adriamycin-induced myocardial injury. In addition, Chinese herbal preparation SMY may play a role in the treatment of cardiac diseases.

Microarray expression profile analysis of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pulmonary tuberculosis with different traditional Chinese medicine syndromes.

BackgroundCombination chemotherapy with Western anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs is the mainstay of TB treatment. Chinese herbal medicines with either heat clearing and detoxifying effects or nourishing Yin and reducing fire effects have been used to treat TB based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes of TB patients. This study analyzed the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in TB patients with different TCM syndromes.MethodsTB patients were classified as pulmonary Yin deficiency (PYD) syndrome, hyperactivity of fire due to Yin deficiency (HFYD) syndrome, and deficiency of Qi and Yin (DQY) syndrome. Total RNA from 44 TB patients and healthy controls was extracted and hybridized with a human lncRNA microarray containing 30586 lncRNAs and 26109 mRNAs probes. Bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology (GO) and pathways, were performed. Related clinical data were also analyzed.ResultsDifferentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were identified (fold change >2, and P < 0.05) in PYD (634 mRNAs and 566 lncRNAs), HFYD (47 mRNAs and 55 lncRNAs), and DQY (63 mRNAs and 60 lncRNAs) patients. The most enriched pathways were the hippo signaling pathway (P = 0.000164) and the protein digestion and absorption pathway (P = 5.89017E-05). Clinical analyses revealed that the lipid indexes of TB patients were abnormal and that the triglyceride concentration was significantly higher in DQY patients (P = 0.0252). Our study is the first to acquire the microarray expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs and analyze pathway enrichment in PYD, HFYD, and DQY patients with TB.ConclusionsOur analyses of the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs may represent a novel method to explore the biological essence of TCM syndromes of TB.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1436-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Chinese medicine syndromes in congestive heart failure: A literature study and retrospective analysis of clinical cases.

To discuss the characteristics of Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome factors and distribution of congestive heart failure (CHF), and provide a basis for the diagnosis criteria of essential syndromes. Based on databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, 1980-2012) and Chinese Journal of Chongqing VIP Database (1989-2012), the eligible studies in CHF and extracted factors associated with compound syndromes were analyzed. All the syndromes were classified into deficiency, excess, and deficiency-excess in complexity syndrome were classified. Compound syndromes were separated into syndrome factors including single, double, three or four factors, along with the frequency of occurrence. The relation of CHF syndromes with age, gender, primary disease, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac functional grade was studied in 1,451 CHF cases (between December 2010 and September 2012), and the clinical distribution of common CHF syndromes was summarized. The literature study involved 6,799 CHF cases in 66 literatures after screening. Of the different factors affecting CHF, qi deficiency was the most important one. In deficiency syndrome, Xin (Heart)-qi-deficiency was the most common single factor, and deficiency of both qi and yin was the most common double factor. The retrospective analysis involved 1,451 CHF cases (431 cases with test results of BNP). The xin blood stasis and obstruction and deficiency of both qi and yin syndrome were mostly seen in female patients, and phlegm-blocking-Xin-vessel and qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome mostly in males. Xin-qi-deficiency and qi-deficiency-blood-stasis syndrome were mostly seen in patients aged 50-60 years. Patients aged over 60 years likely manifest deficiency of both qi and yin and Xin blood stasis and obstruction syndrome. The severity of syndrome is aggravated with increased BNP and cardiac functional grade. The essential syndromes of CHF include qi-deficiency-blood-stasis and deficiency of both qi and yin. The clinical distribution is linked to patients' age and gender. BNP and cardiac functional grade is closely related to CHF syndromes, which may indicate the severity of CM syndromes of CHF.

结合五行观念谈音乐疗法中西洋音乐的选曲

中国文化是以自然哲学中五行元素为基础的阴阳辨证理论，这个理论验证了大道至简的哲学道理。以五行文化为依据的中医中药理论在辩证施治、相生相克的道路上，开辟了一条与其它国家不同的医学途径，遵从“道法自然”的医学理念也经受住了时间的验证和国际的公认。中国音乐疗法也是基于五行理论而产生的，起步虽晚，但在实践中取得了一定的效果。本文以五行理论为基础，结合西洋古典音乐家所创作的具有五行特点的音乐，来论述西方古典音乐通过对人情志的影响，使人达到与自然相和的养生及治疗目的。 Chinese culture is based on five elements in natural philosophy of Yin and Yang syndrome differentiation theory, this theory is verified the simple philosophy of truth. Compared with other countries , Chinese medicine theory which is based on five lines of Chinese culture has opened up a different way on dialectical treats and reinforce each other. Medical theory following the natural rule has stood the test of time and received international recognition. Chinese music therapy is based on the five elements theory, although the late start, but in practice has obtained the certain effect. In this paper, on the basis of the five elements theory, combined with the western classical musicians have created the characteristics of the five elements of music, discussing the influence of western classical music through people’s emotions to make the person and nature keep in good health and therapeutic purposes./span>

Sheng-Mai-San attenuates contractile dysfunction and structural damage induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in mice

Sheng-Mai-San (SMS), a well-known Chinese medicinal plant formula, is widely used for the treatment of cardiac diseases characterized by deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome. A mouse chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) model was established to mimic the primary clinical features of deficiency of Qi and Yin syndrome. Mice experienced CIH for 28 days (nadir 7% to peak 8% oxygen, 20 min per day), resulting in left ventricle (LV) dysfunction and structure abnormalities. After administration of SMS (0.55, 1.1, and 5.5 g·kg−1·d−1) for four weeks, improved cardiac function was observed, as indicated by the increase in the ejection fraction from the LV on echocardiography. SMS also preserved the structural integrity of the LV against eccentric hypotrophy, tissue vacuolization, and mitochondrial injury as measured by histology, electron microscopy, and ultrasound assessments. Mechanistically, the antioxidant effects of SMS were demonstrated; SMS was able to suppress mitochondrial apoptosis as indicated by the reduction of several pro-apoptotic factors (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3) and up-regulation of the anti-apoptosis factor Bcl-2. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SMS treatment can protect the structure and function of the LV and that the protective effects of this formula are associated with the regulation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.