Green Fodder Yield Research Articles

Multi-trait Analysis and Clustering of Forage Pearl Millet Genotypes in Semi-arid Conditions

The present study evaluated genetic variability and trait associations in 103 forage pearl millet genotypes (97 genotypes and 6 checks) across three distinct environments (e.g., the Kharif season of 2022 (E1), Summer season of 2023 (E2), and Kharif season of 2023 (E3)) during 2022-23. Sixteen morphological traits were assessed using a randomized complete block design with two replications. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, environments, and genotype × environment interactions. Correlation analysis identified key traits positively associated with green fodder yield, such as leaf length, leaf width, and plant height at first cut. Principal component analysis revealed that four principal components explained 72% of the total variability, with the first component influenced by leaf count and width. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped genotypes into five clusters, with Cluster IV showing superior forage traits. This study identifies promising genotypes for future breeding programs focused on improving forage productivity in arid and semi-arid regions.

Economic Analysis, Yield Optimization, and Competition Dynamics of Groundnut/Cereal Fodder Intercropping Systems in Pakistan's Semi Arid Tropics

This research focuses on the intercropping management options including aspects of yield performance, nitrogen contribution to groundnut and economical considerations through the usage of intercrop Maize, Sorghum and Pearl Millet under varying cuttings treatments. Intercropping is effective in increasing land productivity and efficiency in nutrient use and provides economic returns yet the best combinations have not been well explored. Randomised complete block design was used to assess the growth characteristics of plant height, modulation and nitrogen in sole cropping and intercropping treatments in which they make cuts. For sole crop, both, maize and pearl millet produced the highest green fodder yields of 13.40 t ha⁻¹ and 19.10 t ha⁻¹, respectively, and intercropping reduced the productivity for both crops but it was statistically significant, yield recorded in Maize (one cut) groundnut = 3.10 t ha⁻¹. Both nodulation and nitrogen content were maximum in sole groundnut, but they were lower when groundnut was grown in association with other crops. Among all competitive indices, the LER was the highest on maize (LER=1.72), pearl millet and sorghum indicated that intercropping enhances land use efficiency. This was facilitated by the Monetary Advantage Index (MAI) that provided much support to maize-groundnut intercrop, which was easily identified as the most appropriate option for inter-crop revenue generation with an MAI of Rs. 17,800. These results provide evidence for the suitability of maize as the best intercrop for the enhancement of productivity and profitability in groundnut based intercropping systems. This study adds valuable input to sustainable agriculture, particularly in that it expresses the yields and profits from distinct intercrop associations as numeral digits deemed useful by both the scientific and agricultural communities.

Optimizing Sorghum Yield and Quality: A Study on the Role of Plant Growth Regulators and Micronutrient Management Strategies

This study assessed the impact of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and micronutrients on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) productivity in four locations viz., Palampur, Srinagar, Mandya, and Ayodhya during Kharif 2020-2021. Twelve treatments, combining PGRs and micronutrients, were evaluated. The best treatment (T10), applying 5 kg Zn and 2 kg B per hectare with a triacontanol (10 ppm) foliar spray at 30 days after sowing, resulted in the highest green fodder yield (493.2 q/ha), dry matter yield (125.6 q/ha), and crude protein yield (10.80 q/ha). It also improved the leaf-stem ratio (0.63), ADF (42.34%), and NDF (63.03%). Economic analysis showed a gross return of Rs. 130,208/ha, net return of Rs. 81,717/ha, and B:C ratio of 2.56. These findings provide actionable insights for enhancing sorghum productivity in semi-arid regions through integrated nutrient management, improving both food security and farmer incomes in challenging agricultural environments.

Assessment of BxN Hybrids for Fodder Productivity in South Gujarat, India

A field experiment was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Bharuch, Gujarat to evaluate eight Bajra x Napier (BxN) hybrids viz. BNH-10, BNH-11, CO-5, CO-6, DHN-5, DHN-15, Phule Jaywant, and Phule Gunwant for their fodder yield potentials and quality parameters over three years (2021-2024). A Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications was employed for the experiment. The pooled results of three years revealed that significant variations were observed in hybrids investigated. The hybrid BNH-11 consistently and significantly outperformed other tested hybrids, demonstrating superior performance across multiple parameters, including plant height (143.25 cm), tillers per plant (26), leaf-to-stem ratio (1.14), green fodder yield (207.05 MT ha⁻¹), dry matter yield (80.36 MT ha⁻¹) and crude protein yield (6.06 MT ha⁻¹). Phule Gunwant closely followed BNH-11, performing on par across all evaluated parameters. These findings indicate that BxN hybrids exhibit substantial potential for fodder production, supporting their use in sustainable livestock farming systems in the region.

Improved Agronomic Practices on Enhancement of Quality Forage Production for Livestock Farming

The lack of nutrient-rich fodder and forage is one of the problems of livestock farming. Adequate tillage operations, timely and suitable water management, weed management, insect pests and disease management, fertilizer management, seeding at the proper time and seed rate, timely harvesting, and other agronomic techniques can all help to increase the nutritional content and yield of fodder and forage crops. A number of research and review papers have been systematically reviewed in this study. The use of tillage practices such as primary, secondary, conventional, and deep tillage enhances dry matter and yield of green fodder as compared to zero tillage. The organic matter (OM) content and dry matter (DM) of fodder crops are increased by regular and appropriate irrigation. The DMD (dry matter digestibility) and CP (crude protein) contents of early harvested forages are higher than those of late harvested forages. The application of nitrogen promotes crop development and growth, increasing the production of green fodder and improving its quality. Intercropping is essential for increasing the yield of fodder crops. Compared to sole cropping of maize and cowpea, the yield is found higher in intercropping of maize + cowpea. The production and quality of fodder are decreased by late seeding. The management of insect pests and diseases enhances the production and quality of fodder and forage. Thus, we draw the conclusion that fodder and forage crops production and their quality parameters are greatly influenced by agronomic practices.

Nutrient Management with Nitrogen Based Formulations for Enhancing Growth and Yield in Fodder Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Fertilizers play a vital role in agricultural practices by boosting crop yield. Among various nutrient application methods, foliar application is one of the cost - effective method which allow rapid and efficient nutrient absorption through the stomata or cuticle, and subsequently into the cells. Applying nutrients through foliage offers several benefits, such as rapid nutrient absorption by plant tissues, improved transport to developing plant parts, elimination of leaching and fixation losses, regulated nutrient uptake by crops and enhanced nutrient utilization. Timely foliar application of nano fertilizers enhances crop output while reducing environmental risks. The current study aimed to evaluate the different concentrations of nano urea on growth and yield of fodder sorghum. The study was conducted at Instructional Farm, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during December 2023- February 2024. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 13 treatments, replicated thrice. The treatments were T1:75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + nano urea (0.2%); T2:75% RDN+ nano urea (0.4%); T3:75% RDN + nano urea (0.6%);T4:100% RDN + nano urea (0.2%); T5:100% RDN + nano urea (0.4%); T6:100% RDN + nano urea (0.6%); T7:75% RDN + urea spray (2%); T8:100% RDN + urea spray (2%); T9: nano urea alone (0.2%); T10: nano urea alone (0.4%); T11: nano urea alone (0.6%); T12: KAU POP and T13: Control (without nitrogen). Both nano urea and urea spray were applied at 20 DAS and 40 DAS. Soil application of nitrogen was applied in three splits - 50% as basal, 25% at 20 DAS and 25% at 40 DAS. Full P and K were applied as basal. The study revealed that combined application of RDN along with nano urea 0.4% proved its superiority by registering higher growth and yield attributes such as plant height, stem girth, leaf: stem ratio, green fodder yield and dry fodder yield.

An elucidation on productivity, energetics, and carbon footprint of different forage land-use systems in semi-arid tropics of Karnataka, India

Forages are rapid biomass-generating crops that often demand intensive management. They necessitate a clear understanding of energy flow and carbon (C) footprinting which in turn helps in optimization of production resources and environmental impact assessment. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for five consecutive years (2019–2023) to ascertain eight forage crops’ productivity, energetics, and C footprint. The crops under the annual monoculture system were maize and cowpea. While, Napier, Guinea, Rhodes, Green panic, Anjan grass, and Signal grasses were under perennial monoculture system. The results revealed that, the Napier grass was superior in biological productivity by recording 28%–50% higher green fodder yield over other forages. The energy analysis indicated that the Guinea grass consumed the highest energy (61,719 MJ ha−1 Year−1) during production, while Napier grass showed the highest energy output (32,5991 MJ ha−1 Year−1). Further, Napier grass outperformed the rest in terms of energy use efficiency (5.49), energy productivity (2.39 kg MJ−1), net energy gain (266,641 MJ ha−1 Year−1), energy profitability (4.49), nutrient energy ratio (14.7), and human energy profitability (558). Similar to energy input, Guinea grass production showed the highest C input (970 kg-CE ha−1 Year−1). Whereas, highest C output was observed with Napier grass (56,694 kg-CE ha−1 Year−1) due to its substantial C gain (55,805 kg-CE ha−1), C-efficiency ratio (63.79), and C-stability index (0.98). Consequently, Napier grass can be adopted as a productive, energy profitable, and C-efficient forage crop in semi-arid tropical conditions.

Green horizons: Using fodder crops to harness carbon and combat climate change

Climate change, influenced by both natural processes and human activities, has notably transformed Earth's atmospheric composition, primarily due to heightened energy use in industrial and agricultural sectors. To combat this, a study was conducted focusing on soil management strategies, particularly using cumbu napier hybrid grass, to mitigate climate change by enhancing carbon sequestration. The research evaluated the effects of different nutrient sources including inorganic fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and biofertilizers like Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and Azophos on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil carbon pools and soil organic carbon (SOC). The findings revealed that integrating organic manures with biofertilizers, particularly in the treatment involving PM at 75 % nitrogen equivalent combined with AM and Azophos (T10), significantly increased SOC levels (1.04 %) and lowered GHG emissions. This treatment also recorded the highest levels of soil inorganic carbon (0.131 %), passive carbon (7890 mg kg-1), permanent soil carbon stock (14.91 t ha-1 year-1), carbon pool index (1.37), carbon management index (201.1) and green fodder yield (370.2 t ha-1 year-1). On the other hand, the treatment with FYM alone at 100 % nitrogen equivalent (T7) resulted in the highest CO2 emissions (71.4 t ha-1 year-1), while the untreated control plot (T11) exhibited the highest global warming potential (GWP). This study underscores the effectiveness of strategic soil management in forage crop systems as a sustainable method to boost soil health, increase carbon sequestration and reduce GHG emissions, thus contributing to climate change mitigation.

Effect of different sources of nitrogen on productivity, profitability and N useefficiency of fodder oat (Avena sativa)

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2020-21, to assess the effect of different source of nitrogen on fodder yield, economics and N use efficiency of oat (Avena sativa L.). The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz. control (no N); recommended dose of N (RDN); 50% N through fertilizer + 50% N through FYM; 50% N through fertilizer + 50% N through vermicompost; 50% N through fertilizer + two sprays of nano-urea; two spray of nano-urea and site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM). Results showed that application of 50% RDN through fertilizer + two sprays of nano-urea produced 58.3 t/ha green fodder which was at par with all other treatments except two sprays of nano urea and control. However, green fodder yield reduced under two foliar sprays of nano-urea by 20.7% as compared to 100% RDN (59.2 t/ha). The SSNM treatment recorded the highest net returns (` 49947/ha) and benefit to cost ratio (1.45) which were significantly higher than all other treatments except 100% RDN and 50% RDN through fertilizer + two sprays of nano-urea. The nano-urea treatments exhibited the highest nitrogen use efficiency. The study suggested that 50% recommended dose of nitrogen through con- ventional fertilizer along with two sprays of nano-urea could be applied in oat to get higher nitrogen use efficiency without any yield reduction.

Innovative Strategies for Controlling Sorghum Shoot Fly: Seed Treatments and Botanical Insecticides

Aim: To assess the efficacy of various treatments for managing sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani, and their effects on plant vigour, growth, yield, and Incremental Cost-Benefit Ratio (ICBR). Study Design: A field experiment with a Randomized Block Design, involving three replications and nine treatments. Place and Duration of Study: Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (29.1492° N, 75.7217° E), during the Kharif season of 2020. Methodology: Sorghum variety Swarna was sown in August 2020. Treatments included Imidacloprid 70WS, Thiamethoxam 30FS, Neem oil, Karanj oil, and their combinations. Treatments were applied at 7 and 17 days after emergence. Data on plant stand, egg counts, dead hearts (%), plant height, green fodder yield, and ICBR were analyzed. Results: Thiamethoxam 30FS @ 10ml/kg + neem oil @ 2% showed the best performance, significantly reducing shoot fly infestation (19.98%) and enhancing plant vigour (1.00), height (86.93 cm), and yield (309.60 q/ha). Neem oil @ 2% was more effective than Karanj oil @ 2%. Imidacloprid 70WS had the highest Incremental Cost Benefit Ratio (ICBR) (1:21), while Karanj oil @ 2% had the lowest (1:0.78). Conclusion: Thiamethoxam 30FS @ 10ml/kg + neem oil @ 2% was the most effective for managing shoot fly and improving crop performance. Imidacloprid 70WS offered the highest economic benefit, indicating its cost-effectiveness in pest management.

Effect of fortified pine needle biochar on green fodder yield, nutrient uptake of oat and soil properties

In the Himalayan region, the low green fodder supply to livestock necessitates agronomic interventions, including the use of fortified pine needle biochar, a viable option for slow-release nutrients, to enhance fodder oat production, improve soil health, and safely manage the abundant pine needles that pose a fire risk. In a greenhouse study, the effect of different levels of pine needle biochar (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.11 and 0.22 % of soil weight) fortified with 0, 75 and 100 % of the recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF, 80 kg N: 60 kg P2O5: 40 kg K2O ha−1) was examined on the green fodder yield, nutrient concentration and uptake of oat, and general soil properties and extractable nutrients. Application of 0.02 % biochar fortified with 75 % RDF gave a fodder yield (56.9 g pot−1) which was 46.6 percent higher than the control (38.8 g pot−1) but statistically similar to the yield with 100 % RDF alone (54.9 g pot−1). The highest fodder yield (72.0 g pot−1) was recorded with 0.22 % biochar fortified with 100 % RDF. Higher doses of biochar without fortification decreased the N concentration but increased the K concentration and brought no significant change in P concentration in the fodder oat. Biochar fortified with 75 and 100 % RDF enhanced the uptake of N, P, and K by fodder oat. The moderate levels of biochar (0.02 and 0.04 %) fortified with 75 % RDF and all levels of biochar fortified with 100 % RDF decreased soil pH while higher levels of biochar fortified with 100 % RDF increased soil EC and organic C. The treatments receiving the highest level of biochar addition (0.22 %) with 0 % RDF, 0.11 and 0.22 % biochar fortified with 75 % RDF and all levels of biochar fortified with 100 % RDF significantly increased soil extractable N, P and K after crop harvest except for K under 0.22 % biochar fortified with 100 % RDF. Pine needle biochar fortified with RDF helped to achieve higher oat fodder production and maintain soil fertility than solo application of biochar or chemical fertilisers.

Identification of Superior Forage Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) Inbred Lines

The experiment was conducted during kharif, (July–November, 2022) at ICAR–Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. In this experiment, 81 forage pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) lines was evaluated for its genetic diversity and variability. For all variables examined, an analysis of variance revealed a considerable variation between lines. Leaf-to-stem ratio, first-cut and second-cut of green fodder yield, as well as dry fodder yield, all had high PCV and GCV values. For Plant height, Leaf length, Number of leaves tiller-1, Number of tillers plant-1, Stem thickness, and Regeneration ability however, moderate PCV and GCV values have been identified. Plant height, Number of leaves tiller-1, Leaf-to-stem ratio, Green fodder yield in first cut, the Green fodder in second cut, and the yield of dry fodder all showed high heritability and high genetic advance. On the basis of Mahalanobis D2 statistics for clustering, genetic diversity was examined. The Tocher method was used to grouping of genotype lines into 11 clusters. The most lines were found in cluster I (52), followed by cluster VI with 14 lines, cluster III with 6 lines, and cluster IX with 2 lines. Cluster VI has the greatest intra-cluster distance (86.59), followed by clusters I (54.11), III (52.99), and IX (52.30). Between cluster III and IX had observed greater inter-cluster distance of 594.54 followed by cluster III and X (471.67), cluster IX and XI (458.76) and cluster I and IX (410.82). Intercrossing of these clusters lines might be useful to develop better forage pearl millet hybrids.

Productivity and thermal requirement of fodder oat varieties under different micro-environments in Bihar

A field experiment was carried out at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur during Rabi season, 2021–22. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design with three varieties of fodder oat (Kent, JHO-822 and Local) in main-plots and four different sowing dates (15th November, 25th November, 5th December and 15th December) in sub-plots with three replications. The results obtained from the experiment showed that ‘JHO-822’ recorded 9.4 and 29.5% higher green and dry fodder yield than local variety and accumulated the highest meteorological indices (GDD, HTU and PTU) and resulted in the highest HUE and PTUE. Among different micro-environments, seeding on 15th November recorded the highest green and dry fodder yield with substantially greater values of agro-meteorological indices which decreased with advancement of sowing date. Per day delay in sowing resulted in 0.7% decrease in green fodder yield and 1.2% decrease in dry fodder yield.

Tillage and Seaweed Extract Effects on Soil Physio-chemical Properties, Microbial Population and Yield of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata L.) in Hills of Nagaland

Background: Sweet corn is a selectively crossbred variant of maize designed with the intention of enhancing its sugar content. It highly remunerative and is gaining momentum among the progressive farmers due to its extra sweetness, early maturity, nutritious green fodder at harvest which earns high market value. Methods: Field experiments were undertaken during kharif season of 2021 and 2022 at Experimental Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SAS, Nagaland University to access tillage and seaweed extract effects on soil physio-chemical properties, microbial population and yield of sweet corn. Result: The results from study revealed that yield parameters such as green cob yield, green fodder yield showed significant increase under conventional tillage and application of 10% S-SWE. Highest microbial population was exhibited under zero tilled plots, Sargassum seaweed extract (15% S-SWE) application noted significantly higher bacterial, actinomycetes and total microbial population.

Study on Genetic Variability for Forage Yield and Quality Traits in Forage Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

The initial research related to germplasm screening was carried out in the experimental area of Instructional Dairy Farm, GBPUAT Pantnagar during kharif season 2018. The experimental material for this experiment consisted of two hundreds and eighty diverse germplasm lines of sorghum along with six checks viz., SSG 59-3, Pant Chari- 5, Pant Chari- 6, CSV-21 F, CSH-22S, and CSV-24SS. The germplasm lines were evaluated in Augmented Block Design for nineteen forage yield related traits and thirteen quality traits. The statistical analysis for genetic variability was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA), heritability (h2), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), and genetic advance (GA). The analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes and checks were showing a highly significant differences for all the traits under study indicated existence of inherent genetic differences among genotypes for different characters. Mean performance of forage yield and quality related traits exhibited a wide range of variability. GCV and PCV values were observed low for most of the characters whereas high for anthracnose, zonate leaf spot and shoot fly incidence. The value of genetic advance was observed high for leaf area, green fodder yield per plant, dry fodder yield per plant, hydrocyanic acid content, plant height, anthracnose, and shoot fly incidence were relatively more than other characters. Genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed low for days to maturity, dry matter per cent, in-vitro dry matter disappearance, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose content whereas high for leaf area, flag leaf width, panicle length, panicle width, 1000-grains weight, grain yield per plant, green fodder yield per plant, dry fodder yield per plant, total soluble solids, silica content, anthracnose, zonate leaf spot and shoot fly incidence. Heritability values were found high for all the traits under study. The genotypes bearing the desired values for different genetic variability parameters and mean performance for can be exploited in future breeding programmes for the improving forage genotypes. These genotypes can be used as donor parents in crop improvement programme for improving forage yield and quality related traits along with improved resistance against anthracnose, shooty fly and zonate leaf spot.

Estimation of Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression for Yield Related and Quality Traits in Forage Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)

The present study was conducted at GBPUAT Pantnagar to study the heterosis and inbreeding depression for nine yield related and three quality traits which consisted of seventy F1 crosses developed through line x tester mating design involving ten cytoplasmic male sterile (female) lines and seven pollinator (male) lines during Kharif 2018 and 70 F2s developed by selfing of F1 crosses during Kharif 2019 in random block design (R.B.D.) with three replications. Observations were recorded on plant height, stem girth, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf: stem ratio, total soluble solids, HCN content, green fodder yield per plot, dry fodder yield per plot, and protein percent. The observed F1data was analyzed for mid parent heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis whereas F2data was analyzed for inbreeding depression. The large number of crosses exhibited heterosis and inbreeding depression in desired direction for all yield related and quality traits under study which indicated the presence of additive as well as non-additive gene actions. The crosses ICSA 271 x PC 5, ICSA 276 x CSV-15, 993100 A x 04K 668, 11 A2 x 04 K 693, ICSA 469 x 04 K 668, ICSA 293 x 01 K 733, SPA2 94012 x 04 K 700, ICSA 293 x CSV-15, SP 55609 A x UPMC-8, and 993100 A x 04 K 700 exhibited high mean performance for all the traits under study coupled with high heterosis in desired direction.

Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Shoot Fly Resistance Associated Traits in Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

The present investigation was carried out with 210 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) at the Instructional Dairy Farm of the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India and the experiment was conducted during kharif season, 2018-19 in augmented design with three replications with the objective to access variability, heritability and genetic advance for 18 traits studied to select suitable shoot fly resistace RILs. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for the trait viz., seedling height, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes per plant, leaf length, leaf width, 1000 grain weight, dry fodder yield and green fodder yield, while significant differences were found in case of oviposition and dead heart per cent at 21 days after emergence. Eleven traits showed higher value of Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) than environment coefficient of variation (ECV). Total soluble solid (TSS) percent showed highest GCV followed by green fodder yield while dead heart per cent at 14 days after emergence showed highest ECV followed by days to emergence and Hydrocyanic acid content. Among the traits with high heritability, only plant height, dry fodder yield, and green fodder yield exhibited high genetic advance suggesting the additive gene action, making these traits suitable targets for effective selection in the RIL population. Further, molecular markers can be identified for key traits used in marker-assisted selection, and selected RILs can be evaluated in multi-environment trials for stability and adaptability.

Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Yield, Yield Attributes and Economics of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)

A Field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy. The objective of this study is to asses the influence of sulphur and zinc on yield attritibutes of baby corn and to evaluate the economics of different treatment combinations taken. The treatments consisted of 3 levels of Sulphur viz., (15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) and 3 levels of Zinc viz., (10, 20 and 30 kg/ha) along with recommended doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash as control (60- 60-40 kg N-P-K/ha). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and replication thrice. Application of Sulphur 45 kg/ha along with Zinc 30 kg/ha (Treatment 9) recorded maximum cob yield with husk (10.6 t/ha), cob yield without husk (3.91 t/ha), green fodder yield (28.43 t/ha). The aforesaid treatment also recorded maximum gross returns (1,43,144.00 INR/ha), net returns (955,19.00 INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (2.01).

The Effect of Planting Date for Some Barley Varieties on Some Growth Characteristics and Green Fodder Yield and Quality

The Effect of Planting Date for Some Barley Varieties on Some Growth Characteristics and Green Fodder Yield and Quality

Characters Study of Selection Criteria and Genetic Variability in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotype for Green Fodder Yield and Its Contributed Traits

Characters Study of Selection Criteria and Genetic Variability in Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotype for Green Fodder Yield and Its Contributed Traits