Yield Of Capsule Research Articles

Combining ability analysis of newly developed male lines of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in Rajasthan

Genetic parameters of 50 castor hybrids developed using 10 newly developed male inbred lines and 5 stable pistillate lines were estimated in a line x tester design. Analysis of combining ability depicted significant mean sum of squares for both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for all the characters which indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive gene actions. The high amount of s 2 SCA and ratioof GCAto SCA variances near to zero indicated that the dominance gene effect was predominant in newly developed lines for all the characters under study. The highest positive gca effect was exhibited by MCP-1-1, for seed yield and number of capsules on primary raceme, effective length of primary raceme and height up to primary raceme. SKP-84 was also good general combiner for traits such as 100-seed weight, number of capsule on primary raceme, nodes to primary raceme and height up to primary raceme. Among the male parents, MP-11-17 was found the best general combiner for cumulative seed yield, raceme length and number of capsule. Cross M-574 x MP-17-17 was identified as the best cross for cumulative seed yield followed by MCP-3 x MP-7-17 and SKP-84 x MP-11-17. These combinations of crosses would be useful in breeding programme for improvement in cumulative seed yield of castor.

Effect of Different Modalities of Purgative Preparation on the Diagnostic Yield of Small Bowel Capsule for the Exploration of Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of our study was to compare clear liquid diet with 2 different polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based bowel preparation methods regarding diagnostic yield of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in patients with suspected small bowel bleeding (SBB). In this prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, consecutive patients undergoing SBCE for suspected SBB between September 2010 and February 2016 were considered. Patients were randomly assigned to standard regimen, that is, clear fluids only (prep 1), standard regimen plus 500 mL PEG after SBCE ingestion (prep 2), or standard regimen plus 2 L PEG plus 500 mL PEG after SBCE ingestion (prep 3). The primary outcome was the detection of at least one clinically significant lesion in the small bowel. The quality of small bowel cleansing was assessed. A questionnaire on the clinical tolerance was filled by the patients. We analyzed 834 patients. No significant difference was observed for detection of P1 or P2 small bowel lesions between prep1 group (40.5%), prep 2 group (40.2%), and prep 3 group (38.5%). Small bowel cleansing was improved in prep 2 and 3 groups compared with that in prep 1 group. Compliance to the preparation and tolerance was better in prep 2 group than in prep 3 group. Small bowel purgative before SBCE allowed better quality of cleansing. However, it did not improve diagnostic yield of SBCE for suspected SBB.

Encapsulation and <i>In Vitro</i> Release Test of Flavonoid and Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Watermelon (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i>) Rind: Comparison of Oven and Spray Drying Treatments

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effect of oven drying and spray drying treatments on the encapsulation of anthocyanin, flavonoid and phenolic extracted from watermelon rind. The analysis done in this work were as follow: total anthocyanin (TA), total flavonoid (TF) and total phenolic (TPC) content in the supernatant, yield of nanocapsule, Particle Size Analysis, and In Vitro test (test for flavonoid and phenolic release) in the supernatant food. The analysis results showed that the total anthocyanin content in watermelon rind with a spray drying treatment was 0.1113 mg/L, total flavonoid was 0.6159 g/mL, and total phenolic was 0.3410 g/mL. While using the oven, the anthocyanin content was 0.0891 mg/L, total flavonoid was 1.4590 g/mL, and total phenolic was 1.1349 g/mL. As noticed, the total content of anthocyanin resulted by using a spray dryer was greater than by using an oven. However, the total flavonoid and total phenolic resulted by using a spray dryer was smaller than by using an oven. During In Vitro analysis, the results of the release of flavonoid and phenolic resulted by using an oven into the distilled water were much larger and unstable than by using a spray dryer. This is likely because chitosan-Na (TPP) bonds are weak. Additionally, the yield of capsule on the use of spray dryer was 0.6, higher than the use of an oven, which was 0.48. While, the average particle size in the use of a spray dryer was 2.296 μm, smaller than the use of an oven, which was 61.998 μm.

Regional Gastrointestinal Transit and Contractility Patterns Vary in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is an autonomic disorder that affects multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal system. These patients often have multiple GI complaints with a severe impact on their quality of life. GI dysmotility patterns in POTS remains poorly understood and difficult to manage. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic yield of wireless motility capsule in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and POTS, with use of a symptomatic control group without POTS as a reference. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who had both autonomic testing and wireless motility capsule between 2016 and 2020. The two groups were divided into those with POTS and those without POTS (controls) as diagnosed through autonomic testing. We compared the regional transit times and motility patterns between the two groups using the data collected from wireless motility capsule. A total of 25% of POTS patients had delayed small bowel transit compared to 0% of non-POTS patients (p = 0.047). POTS patients exhibited hypo-contractility patterns within the small bowel, including decreased contractions/min (2.95 vs. 4.22, p = 0.011) and decreased motility index (101.36 vs. 182.11, p = 0.021). In multivariable linear regression analysis, migraine predicted faster small bowel transit (p = 0.007) and presence of POTS predicted slower small bowel transit (p = 0.044). Motility abnormalities among POTS patients seem to affect mostly the small bowel and exhibit a general hypo-contractility pattern. Wireless motility capsule can be a helpful tool in patients with POTS and GI symptoms as it can potentially help guide treatment.

Video capsule endoscopy is safe and effective in suspected small bowel bleeding among left ventricular assist device recipients.

Suspected small bowel bleeding is frequently encountered in left ventricular assist device recipients and the identification of the culprit lesion may be challenging. Data regarding the safety and yield of small bowel capsule in the investigation of suspected small bowel bleeding are limited. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of small bowel video capsule endoscopy for the investigation of suspected small bowel bleeding among left ventricular assist device recipients. Patients with left ventricular assist device who underwent video capsule endoscopy for the investigation of suspected small bowel bleeding were identified. Suspected small bowel bleeding was defined as the presence of overt bleeding at least 30 days following left ventricular assist device implantation with no identifiable cause in upper and lower endoscopy. A total of 10 patients with left ventricular assist device associated suspected small bowel bleeding performed 12 small bowel capsule endoscopies between January 2008 and December 2015 at our tertiary medical care facility. There were no cases of capsule retention or any other serious adverse events during the exams. A significant finding was identified in 8 out of 10 patients, including 3 cases of small bowel angioectasia, 2 cases of small bowel ulcers, 1 case of cecal polyp, and 2 cases of active bleeding with no apparent bleeding source. Small bowel enteroscopy identified and treated bleeding angioectasia in the latter two cases. Small bowel capsule endoscopy is safe and effective in the investigation of left ventricular assist device associated suspected small bowel bleeding.

Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors: A critical analysis of diagnostic work-up and operative approach.

203 Background: Small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SB-NET) are rare, and often small and multifocal. They are difficult to localize preoperatively and can be overlooked during operative exploration. The optimal work-up and operative approach is not known. Methods: Patients who underwent resection of SB-NET at a single institution from 2000-2014 were included. Primary aim was to describe the diagnostic work-up, pathologic characteristics, and compare minimally-invasive (MIS) to open resection. Results: 93pts underwent resection for SB-NET. Median age was 61yrs; 52% were male. On presentation, 71% of pts were symptomatic and underwent an average of 3 diagnostic tests prior to resection: 45% had octreoscans, which identified the region of primary disease in 85%; 11% had small bowel enteroscopy, with a 10% diagnostic yield; 19% had capsule endoscopy, which saw a lesion in 83%, but in only 21% was the correct number of tumors seen. The diagnostic yield of capsule was 28% overall, but 82% in pts presenting with GI bleeding. 79pts (85%) underwent curative-intent resections. Median tumor size was 1.8cm and multiple primary tumors were seen in 34pts(42%), of whom 50% had > 3 tumors. 37% had metastatic and 70% had LN positive disease. 27pts underwent MIS resections vs 66 open. MIS pts were younger (56vs61yrs;p0.035) and less likely to have obstructive symptoms (4vs24%;p = 0.19) and metastatic disease at resection (19vs44%;p = 0.038). Compared to open, the MIS group had smaller (1.7vs2.4cm;p = 0.03) and fewer tumors resected (2vs5;p = 0.049), but similar LN yield (13vs12;p = 0.7). In pts without metastases undergoing curative-intent resection, MIS approach was still associated with fewer tumors removed compared to open (1.5vs4;p = 0.034). Conclusions: Capsule endoscopy appears to be better than small bowel enteroscopy at identifying occult small bowel neuroendocrine tumors, particularly when pts present with bleeding, but still may underestimate tumor burden. While MIS may be appropriate in select patients, recognizing the limitations of preoperative evaluation is critical when selecting the operative approach for these tumors, as heightened operative vigilance is often required.

PillCam Colon for Incomplete Colonoscopy

Introduction: Optical colonoscopy (OC) is the current gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. Successful cecal intubation is critical because interval colon cancer is often located in the proximal colon. The literature reports an incomplete colonoscopy (IC) rate of about 13%. Recently, PillCam Colon has been FDA approved for IC in the United States. The aim of this abstract is to demonstrate the effectiveness of PillCam Colon for IC. Methods: Between 2012 to 2013 there were 6 trials1-6 using PillCam Colon as the second line next test for patients with IC. These studies focused on patient demographics, PillCam Colon completion rate, adequate cleansing, and polyps identified. Results: A total of 503 patients were enrolled with 486 included in the final analysis. The majority of patients were female (59%) with an average age of 60.6 years based on data from 4 out of the 6 studies (N=316). In 454 patients (93.4%; 95% CI 91, 95) PillCam Colon was able to visualize the portion of colon not reached by reached by OC. In 78.6% (95% CI 75, 82) of the cases PillCam Colon was excreted from the rectum. The bowel preparation was evaluated in 5 out of the 6 studies (N=390) and judged to be adequate overall for the entire colon (excellent or good) in 72% (95% CI 67, 76) of the capsule procedures. The diagnostic yield of capsule for detecting patients with polyps of any size at all colon segments was evaluated in 4 out of the 6 studies (N=311) with total yield of 46% (95% CI, 41, 52), and the yield for detecting patients with polyps of any size at the colon segments that were not reached by colonoscopy procedure was 33% (95% CI 26, 40) based on the results of 3 studies (N=183). Significant polyps (i.e., polyps ≥6 mm) at the colon segments missed by colonoscopy procedure based on 4 studies’ results (N=316) were found in 19% (95% CI 15, 23) of the cases and ranged from 12% to 23%. Subsequent colonoscopy examinations were able to identify and remove these polyps in the majority of patients. There were no complications reported. Conclusion: PillCam Colon is now approved in the United States for IC. PillCam Colon is a safe noninvasive alternative for second-line screening for colorectal cancers. Future studies are needed to better standardize the bowel preparation to ensure higher cleansing rates and completion rates.

Colon capsule versus CT colonography in patients with incomplete colonoscopy: a prospective, comparative trial

ObjectiveIn case of incomplete colonoscopy, several radiologic methods have traditionally been used, but more recently, capsule endoscopy was also shown to be accurate. Aim of this study was to compare...

Second-generation colon capsule in small bowel and colon disorders in pediatrics

Aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic yield of second-generation colon capsule in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. Five patients with different symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases were included in the study. Among them were: suspicion on diffuse polyposis, intestinal bleeding, lymphangiectasia and inflammatory bowel disease. Image interpretation was made by experienced capsule users, previously trained on small bowel capsule and first generation colon capsule. Lesions or abnormal changes of the mucosa identified on capsule endoscopy served as indications for colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy or polypectomy if needed. Standard white light endoscopy was made in all children without any adverse events. Second-generation colon capsule allows diagnosing Crohn's disease in small intestine and colon, limphangiectasia of the ileum, single rectosigmoid polyp and diffuse polyposis of the colon. Second-generation colon capsule can be used as non-invasive screening method in children without serious complications, thus allowing to differentiate indications for traditional white light endoscopy, which is usually made under general anesthesia in pediatrics.

Clinical Utility and Diagnostic Yield of 165 Wireless Capsule Studies at a Tertiary Referral Center

Purpose: To determine the clinical utility and diagnostic yield of wireless motility capsule (WMC) (SmartPill®, Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel) in patients with suspected motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent WMC study from 2009-2012 using a standard protocol at the Cleveland Clinic was performed. Information regarding demographics, symptoms, medication use, past medical and surgical history, indications for WMC, WMC transit times and relevant diagnostic studies were retrieved. Results: A total of 165 subjects were included in the analysis. Mean age was 43 ± 16 years, and 83% were female. Subjects had a median of 4 tests done before undergoing WMC study, and 81% had at least one abnormal test. 78% of subjects had an abnormal WMC, including delayed large bowel transit time (LBTT) (39%), delayed gastric emptying time (GET) (35%) and delayed small bowel transit time (SBTT) (29%). There was no statistical difference in age, gender, symptoms, medication use, past medical or past surgical history between patients with normal vs. abnormal WMC study. In patients who were referred for WMC for evaluation of gastroparesis, small bowel transit time (SBTT) was delayed in 39%, and LBTT was delayed in 28%. Similarly, in patients who underwent WMC for evaluation of constipation, GET was delayed in 27%, and SBTT was delayed in 25%. 25% of patients suspected to have both gastroparesis and constipation had abnormal SBTT. A large number of patients with abnormal gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) also had abnormal SBTT (36%) and LBTT (41%). Similarly, many patients with abnormal Sitzmarks Study also had delayed GET (50%) and delayed SBTT (15%). Conclusion: Our study indicates that a substantial number of patients with symptoms or motility studies suggestive of gastroparesis or constipation have more generalized gut dysmotility, which can be difficult to evaluate or detect without multiple motility testings. WMC provides a comprehensive regional evaluation of the GI tract transit. Whether the additional information obtained with the WMC influenced the management or outcome in our patient population is unclear and needs to be further investigated.Table

PTU-188 Repeat Video Capsule Endoscopy- is it Worth It?

IntroductionFew studies have reported on the yield of repeat capsule endoscopy (CE) in the same patient; data regarding this diagnostic strategy are limited.1,2 The aims of this work were to...

English

To evaluate the effects of sulfur and iron fertilizers on yield, yield components and nutrient uptake in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under water stress, a field experiment was conducted as split factorial design with three replication at Dezful, Khuzestan, Iran. Two irrigation regimes were used (well-watered and water-limited) as the main plots and subplot consisted of three levels of sulfur (B1 = 0, B2 = 100 and B3 = 200 kg.ha-1) and three foliar application of iron (C1 = 0, C2 = 3 and C3 = 6*1000 concentrations). The results showed that water stress significantly reduced biological yield (10.26%) and number of capsule per plant. Interaction between water stress and combination of iron and sulfur fertilizers had significant effect on grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained by well water treatment and b2c2fertilizers treatment. Interaction between water stress and combination of iron and sulfur fertilizers had significant effect on nitrogen and iron content in the seeds. The highest iron content of seeds was obtained at water stress treatment and b1c2, and highest nitrogen content was at b1c2 and b1c3 fertilizers treatments.   Key words: Sesame, water stress, sulfur, iron, yield, nutrients content.

Is There a Way to Improve Reading Performance of Wireless Capsule by the Multi-View® System Using Maximal Speed of Reading

Aims: To assess if reading speed and experience level have an effect upon diagnostic yield of wireless capsule (Given Imaging, Israel). patients and methods: 12 selected recording explored by wireless capsule for obscure digestive bleeding, have been choosen for this study. All capsules examinations were abnormal and revealed small bowel lesions (see table). All recordings have been previously read by Physician (A) at 15-20 images/sec and was considered as “the reference” for the study. Physician (A) had no read again these recordings for at least 5 months (5-15 months). The recordings were seen again independently, by the 4 physicians: one “expert” (A>50 exams), one “confirmed” (B=30 exams) and 2 novices (C and D<5 exams). All recordings were read with the Multiview ® system with maximal speed (40 images/sec). Total duration of reading, number and nature of lesions were noted independently by each reader. The findings of the 4 readers were compared between expert and others physicians. Results: Comparaisons between the 4 readers are shown in table. A significant difference was observed between expert (A) and one novice (D) (p<0.02). Active bleeding were detected by all readers. The average reading time was 14 min for A, 16 min for B, and 20 for C and D. Conclusion: Multiview® System with maximal speed decreases the reading time of capsule endoscopy examination. Nevertheless, almost 20 to 60% of lesions are missed at this speed according to the physician level. However, at this speed, the diagnostic yield of CE is significantly higher in expert than in novice.