Yield Of Bt Cotton Research Articles

Effect of different agro-techniques on yield of Bt cotton

A field experiment was conducted during the 2 consecutive kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, to study the yield maximization of Bt cotton through agro-techniques in loamy sand. The experiment consisted of four factors viz; spacing, detopping, intercropping and sowing time with two levels in each treatment. The results of pooled data of 2 years indicated that Bt cotton sown at spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm recorded significantly higher plant height, crop growth rate as well as seed cotton (3077 kg/ha) and stalk yields (5930 kg/ha), seed cotton equivalent yield (3512 kg/ha) and oil yield (335 kg/ha). However, wider spacing of 120 cm × 60 cm produced remarkably higher number of sympodial branches per plant, relative growth rate, number of open bolls per plant, weight of seed cotton per boll and seed cotton yield per plant. Topping carried out at 75 DAS remarkably improved growth and yield attributes, seed cotton and stalk yields, seed cotton equivalent yield, oil yield. All growth and yield attributes as well as seed cotton yield were recorded significantly higher without intercrop in Bt cotton. Though intercropping of greengram (additive series) in Bt cotton produced significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield than no intercropping in pooled mean. Advance sowing of Bt cotton in last week of May produced significantly higher seed cotton yield and seed cotton equivalent S1 T2I2 D1 [Advance sowing (Last week of May)] at plant spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm along with detopping at 75 DAS and intercropping with greengram] gave significantly higher seed cotton equivalent yield as well as net returns and B: C ratio of Bt cotton.

Growth and productivity of Bt cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) underrow spacing and nitrogen doses

A study was carried out at the Campus for Research and Advanced Studies, Dhablan, within the Department of Agriculture at Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab during the rainy (kharif) season of 2019. The study encompassed 3 distinct row spacing levels i.e. 40 cm, 60 cm, and 80 cm combined with 4 nitrogen application levels, viz. 25% of the recommended nitrogen dose (RDN), 50% RDN, 100% RDN (equivalent to 90 kg/ha) and an elevated 125% RDN. Results indicate that both row spacing and nitrogen levels play a noteworthy role in influencing the growth traits, yield related attributes and overall yield of Bt cotton. Specifically, a row spacing of 80 cm exhibited superior performance in terms of growth characteristics such as leaf area per plant, no. of monopodial branches per plant, and no. of sympodial branches per plant. This choice of row spacing subsequently contributed to the enhancement of yield attributing characters, including single boll weight, the number of picked bolls per plant, seed weight per boll and seed weight per plant. But row spacing of 60 cm is required to produce a higher seed cotton yield, ginning percentage, biological yield, harvest index and economic parameters. Among nitrogen levels, 125% RDN kg/ha recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributing parameters, yield, and economic parameters followed by 25% and 50% RDN kg/ha but on par with 100% RDN kg/ha. Therefore, drawing from the findings of this study, it can be deduced that the row spacing of 60 cm with 100% RDN kg/ha is required for getting higher growth and productivity of Bt cotton. These findings contributes to enhance the resource efficient practices, maximizes yield and promotes sustainability. Optimized nitrogen levels benefit both crop and soil health, reducing the impact of excess usage and insufficient nitrogen on crop while boosting productivity for long-term farm viability, all while considering the crucial aspect of row spacing.

Effect of cotton-legume intercropping patterns and crop geometry on growth and yield of Bt cotton

Effect of cotton-legume intercropping patterns and crop geometry on growth and yield of Bt cotton

Agro-Climatic Indices, Plant Growth and Yield of Bt Cotton as Influenced by Planting Time and Spacing

A field experiment was conducted in kharif season 2020 to study the effect of sowing time and row spacing on growth, yield and agro-climatic indices of Cotton at Research Farm, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was performed in split-plot design and replicated thrice. The experiment included nine treatment combinations with three sowing dates and row spacings. Among different sowing times, cotton sown on 19th April had significantly higher plant height (176.3 cm), dry matter accumulation (453.39 g plant-1), LAI (1.92), GDD (Growing Degree Days), HTU (Heliothermal Units), PTU (Photothermal Units) and seed cotton yield (3057 kg ha-1) in comparison to sowing in May i.e. May 8th and May 28th. Among various row spacings, cotton planted with a row spacing of 67.5 cm x 60 cm produced significantly higher seed cotton (2657 kg ha-1) and plant height (156.40 cm), although growth parameters i.e. LAI (2.26) and dry matter accumulation (397.92 g plant-1) alongwith Agro-climatic indices (GDD, HTU, PTU) were observed to be greater with a row spacing of 100 x 60 cm.

Effects of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Weed Parameters and Yield of Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Aim: To know the effect of integrated weed management on weed parameters and yield of bt cotton.
 Study Design: Randomized complete block design.
 Place and Duration of Study: College of Agriculture Farm, Bheemaraynagudi between July 2021 and Feb 2022.
 Methodology: The field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2021 at Experimental block, College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi. The soil of the experiment field was deep black clayey in texture. The experiment comprises 11 weed management practices viz., T1: Pendimethalin 38.7% CS @ 750 g a.i./ha as PE + Hand weeding @ 20-25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS, T2: Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i./ha as PE fb Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 75g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 37.5g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS. (Tank mix), T3 : Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i./ha as PE fb Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 50g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 25 g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS, T4 :Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i./ha as PE fb Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 75g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 37.5g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS, T5 : Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i./ha as PE fb Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 100g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 50g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS, T6 : Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 50g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 25g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS, T7: Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 75g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 37.5g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS, T8: Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 100g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 50g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS, T9: Farmers practice (Hand weeding @ 25 DAS and 2 intercultivations @ 50 and 75 DAS), T10: Weedy check, T11: Weed free check.
 Results: Among the treatments, application of pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i./ha as PE fb pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 100 g a.i./ha + quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 50 g a.i./ha as PoE (combi-product) @ 25 DAS and intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS recorded significantly lower weed density and higher weed control efficiency (82.39 %), also recorded higher seed cotton yield (2495 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (4056 kg ha-1) over other treatments.
 Conclusion: Application of Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 750 g a.i./ha as PE fb Pyrithiobac Sodium 10 EC @ 100g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 50g a.i./ha as PoE @ 25 DAS and Intercultivation @ 55-60 DAS was found effective in controlling the weeds with coupled with higher seed cotton yield .

Effects on the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum under elevated CO2.

The raising trend of cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic cotton is faced with a new challenge what effects on the growth and yield of Bt cotton under elevated CO2. Rhizobacteria is the significant biological regulator to increase environmental suitability and ameliorate soil-nitrogen utilization efficiency of crops, especially Bt cotton. Pot-culture experiments investigated the effects on the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton (transgenic Line SCRC 37) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) under elevated CO2. The findings indicated that the inoculation of azotobacter significantly improved the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton, the elevated CO2 significantly increased the soil density of A. chroococcum and the partial yield indexes (as cottonweightper 20 bolls, lint yield per 20 bolls and boll number per plant), and non-significant decrease the fiber quality components of Bt cotton except uniform. Overall results obviously depicted that the inoculation of azotobacter and the elevated CO2 had positive effects on the yield and fiber quality components of Bt cotton. Presumably, azotobacter inoculation can be used to stimulate plant soil-nitrogen uptake and promote plant growth for Bt cotton under elevated CO2 in the future.

Influence of Varied Plant Densities and Nitrogen Doses on Growth and Yield of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under High Density Planting System

A field experiment was conducted at College farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Hyderabad during kharif, 2021-22 to study the growth and yield of Bt cotton as influenced by varied plant densities and nitrogen doses under high density planting system. The results revealed that among plant densities, plant height (102.8 cm) and drymatter production (7396 kg ha-1) were higher with spacing of 90 x 15 cm (74,074 plants ha-1) and was on par with spacing of 90 x 20 cm (55,555 plants ha-1). Whereas, sympodial branches plant-1 (21.0) and leaf area (4143 cm2 plant-1) were recorded higher with spacing of 90 x 60 cm (18,518 plants ha-1). Even though at spacing 90 x 60 cm (18,518 plants ha-1) showed more number of picked bolls plant-1 (18.2), boll weight (5.10 g) but 90 x 15 cm spacing (74,074 plants ha-1) showed significantly higher seed cotton yield (2176 kg ha-1) which was at par with 90 x 20 cm (55,555 plants ha-1) (2052 kg ha-1). In case of nitrogen doses, application of 180 kg N ha-1 recorded higher growth parameters like plant height (103.2 cm), sympodial branches plant-1 (20.8), drymatter production (6952 kg ha-1) and leaf area (3826 cm2 plant-1). Whereas, application of 150 kg N ha-1 recorded higher seed cotton yield (2072 kg ha-1) with more number of picked bolls plant-1 (12.9) and higher boll weight (4.87 g) over other nitrogen doses tested.

Effect of Micronutrients Application under Different Fertilizer Prescription Methods on Growth and Yield of BT Cotton

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of the application of micronutrients under different fertilizer prescription methods on growth and yield of Bt cotton at KVK farm, Chamarajanagara district, Southern Dry Zone of Karnataka (Zone 6). The experiment was laid out in randomised complete block design with thirteen treatments and three replications during Kharif 2016 and Kharif 2017. The micronutrients were given as soil application and foliar spray under UAS (B) and SSNM dose of NPK fertilizers prescription. The soil was slightly alkaline in reaction (pH: 7.95), low in zinc (0.32 mg kg-1) and boron (0.18 mg kg-1). The results indicated significantly higher plant height and more number of sympodial branches with UAS (B) Package, UAS (B) + Micronutrients, SSNM and SSNM + Micronutrients. However, significantly higher seed cotton yield (2329 kg ha-1) was recorded with NPK as per SSNM + MNM foliar application at 80 and 100 DAS followed by NPK as per UAS (B) package + MNM foliar application at 80 and100 DAS (2215 kg ha-1) and NPK as per SSNM + MNM soil application (2012 kg ha-1) treatments as compared to control. The supplementation of micronutrients with optimized major nutrient applications can bring about an overall augmentation in crop performance both in terms of growth and yield attributes, thereby resulting in a significant higher yield. Application of micronutrients through foliar spray has a significant and positive effect on the growth and yield in Bt cotton under black soils of Chamarajanagara district.

Studies on the effect of land configuration and spot application of organic manures on growth and yield of Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

To study the effect of land configurations and spot application of organic manures on yield of Bt cotton under Alfisols of Northern Karnataka was conducted during kharif season 2018–2019. The experiment was at College of Agriculture, Hanumanamatti, Karnataka and it was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The experiment consist of two main plot treatments viz., M1: ridge and furrow method of sowing and M2: flat bed method of sowing and six sub plot treatments viz., S1: RDF-Control, S2: RPP-Package of practice, S3:S1 + Blanket application FYM @ 5 t ha-1, S4:S1 + Spot application FYM @ 5 t ha-1, S5: S1 + Blanket application vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, S6: S1 + Spot application vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1. The two year mean data revealed that plants grown under ridge and furrow method (M1) of sowing had significantly higher growth and growth attributes, yield and yield attributes. With respect to Sub-plot treatment, (S6) RDF+ spot application vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher growth and growth attributes, yield and yield attributes. Among different treatment combination, the M1×S6: plots supplied with RDF+ Spot application of vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 (S6) under ridge and furrow method of sowing (M1) found to be effective over other treatments.

Effect of Water-Soluble fertilizers through fertigation on growth, yield component and yield of Bt cotton

Effect of Water-Soluble fertilizers through fertigation on growth, yield component and yield of Bt cotton

Effect of nutrient fortification and spacing on growth and yield of Bt cotton under protective irrigation

Effect of nutrient fortification and spacing on growth and yield of Bt cotton under protective irrigation

Influence of different nutrient management approaches on growth and yield of Bt cotton in a vertisol

The field experiment of Bt cotton to evaluate different nutrient management practices was conducted on Vertisol during kharif 2016. The experiment was laid out in RBD design and replicated three times. The experiment consisted of eight treatments involving STCR, modified STCR and STL approaches, blanket recommendation and control. The soil of the experimental site was alkaline in reaction, non saline and low in available nitrogen and high in available phosphorus and potassium.Growth attributes (plant height, number of monopodial and sympodial branches and dry matter production) and yield attributes, namely, number of bolls per plant (48.0), boll weight (4.83 g boll-1), seed cotton yield per plant (189.4 g ) and seed cotton yield per hectare (36.2 q ha-1) were higher with 100 per cent application of nutrients through STCR equation to attain target yield of 40 q ha-1 compared to STL approach and blanket recommendation and the former was on par with those recorded under modified STCR approach (application of 50% P, full dose of N and K of STCR equation).Among different nutrient management approaches to achieve maximum productivity 100 per cent application of nutrients based on STCR approach was the best. Next best approach was application of 50% of P that prescribed for STCR approach and full dose of N and K. Thirdly, soil test based NPK±25% is better compared to blanket recommendation and STL-NPK based on (L, M and H).

Uptake pattern of nutrients and yield of Bt Cotton as influenced by different nutrient management practices in a vertisol

Uptake pattern of nutrients and yield of Bt Cotton as influenced by different nutrient management practices in a vertisol

Response of Cotton and Wheat Cultivars to Soil-applied Boron in a Boron-deficient, Noncalcareous Typic Ustochrept

ABSTRACTField experiments were conducted to study the response of cotton genotypes (G. arboreum Bt cv. RCH 650 BGII; non-Bt cv. F 2228; G. herbaceum cv. FDK 124) and wheat and triticale genotypes (T. aestivum cv. PBW 622; T. durum cv. PDW 314; triticale cv. TL 2908) to direct and residual B application (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kg B ha−1 as borax) using a Typic Ustrochrept, neutral, noncalcareous, loamy sand and B-deficient soil. A significant response of 218 and 231 kg ha−1 in seed cotton yield was recorded with an application of 1.0 kg B ha−1 to cotton and 2.0 kg B ha−1 to wheat. A significant response of 152 kg ha−1 grain yield of wheat was observed with the application of 0.5 kg B ha−1 to wheat, while no residual effect of B was observed when B was applied to cotton. On the basis of agronomic and B uptake efficiency, genotypes of cotton (RCH 650 BG II > FDK 124 > F 2228) and wheat (PDW 314> TL 2908> PBW 621) responded differentially to B application, thus indicating that yield of Bt cotton and durum wheat will be reduced more than the other cultivars under B deficiency.

Dry matter production and yield of Bt cotton as influenced by available phosphorus in vertisols

Dry matter production and yield of Bt cotton as influenced by available phosphorus in vertisols

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An Economic Analysis and Resource Use Efficiency of Bt-Cotton in Middle Gujarat

The present investigation has analyzed the costs and returns and resource use efficiency of Bt-cotton in Middle Gujarat during 2015–16. The results indicated that average cost of cultivation of Bt-cotton was69372per ha. Out of total cost, human labour cost was ranked first followed by fertilizer cost, manure and cakes. The average yield of Bt-cotton per ha was observed 23.39 quintals on sample farms. The net profit over Cost C2 was29858per ha. The production function analysis revealed that human and bullock labour, plant protection and irrigation exerted significant influence on the yield of Bt-cotton. About 35.9 per cent of total variation in the gross income from the Bt-cotton cultivation was explained by the explanatory variables included in the function. The sum of regression co-efficient (Obi's) was noted 0.509 indicating decreasing returns to scale, in other words sample farmers were observed operating in second zone of production. The study has brought to the fore that there is an ample potentiality of the raising Bt-cotton production on the sample farms through adoption of improved and new technologies along with optimum utilization of resources like human labour, seeds, chemical fertilizers, and irrigation with better management practices.