Yellow Background Research Articles

Assessing the Suitability of Interruption Intervention Strategies in Nursing Medication Administration: A Delphi Study

Purpose: This study explored the suitability of interventions for medication interruption and intervention preferences.Methods: Two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted with 18 expert panels comprising staff (or charge) nurses, nursing managers, and Quality Improvement (QI) team nurses working in a tertiary general hospital. For 47 situations involving the location of interruption, medication step, and source of interruption, the suitability of three interventions (no-interruption zone, medication safety vest, and education) was evaluated using a 5-point scale.Results: A total of 51 interventions for each situation were found appropriate by satisfying the degree of convergence and consensus. Patients or caregivers, peer nurses, doctors, telephones, and call bells were sources of interruption and were identified as appropriate for the application of interventions. 'Responding to requests and inquiries' by patients or caregivers showed high overall suitability. The nurses' preferred color for the intervention design (no-interruption zone, medication safety vest) is blue text on a yellow background. The priority groups for education related to medication interruptions were patients or caregivers, nurses, and non-nursing staff, in that order.Conclusion: Effective implementation of tailored intervention strategies that consider the specific characteristics of medication interruptions is crucial for mitigating interruptions and enhancing patient safety. Comprehensive educational programs aimed at reducing medication interruptions by improving awareness are necessary. Moreover, future research should evaluate these strategies in clinical settings to ensure their effectiveness in enhancing patient safety.

Hypostomus caudofasciatus (Teleostei: Loricariidae), a new remarkably colored species from the upper Rio Paraná basin in Brazil.

Despite being one of the better-surveyed regions in Brazil, the upper Rio Paraná basin still reveals relatively numerous large new species of fish. Here, we present a new uniquely colored species of the highly diverse, armored catfish genus Hypostomus. The new species was mostly found in the Rio Grande basin, plus a single record in the main channel of the Rio Paraná. Hypostomus caudofasciatus n. sp. is remarkable by its large eyes, and it completely differs from congeners by having four longitudinal dark stripes on the flanks and a caudal fin with conspicuous longitudinal dark stripes on a yellow background (unique in Hypostomus).

Morphological and molecular characterization of brown-banded broodsacs and metacercariae of Leucochloridium (Trematoda: Leucochloridiidae) parasitizing the semi-slug Omalonyx unguis (Succineidae) in Argentina

Trematodes of the genus Leucochloridium exhibit an unusual transmission strategy among mollusks (intermediate host). The fully developed sporocyst, housing encysted metacercariae, displays vivid coloration and rhythmic activity in the snail's tentacle, mimicking insect larvae. These strategies attract insectivorous birds, their final hosts, thereby increasing the chances of completing their life cycle. In South America, the reports of adults and larval stages of Leucochloridium are scarce. Brown-banded broodsac of Leucochloridium sp. were obtained from Omalonyx unguis collected in a shallow lake from Corrientes Province, Argentina. Here, we morphologically characterized the larval stages (broodsac and metacercaria), identified the parasite through DNA sequences from nuclear 28S-rRNA (28S) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) genes, and explored its evolutionary affinities with the Leucochloridium species available in GenBank. The present broodsac displays brown bands, with a yellowish background in the first two-thirds and yellowish-white in the last third. Based on morphological comparisons, the broodsac and metacercaria described in this study could not be conclusively categorized under any known South American species of Leucochloridium. In relation to the phylogenetic reconstructions, Leucochloridium sp. consistently clustered with L. perturbatum, and species delimitation analyses resulted in recognized Leucochloridium sp. from Argentina as a distinct species. The DNA sequences obtained in this study constitute the first genetic data generated for sporocyst broodsacs in South America. Future studies, incorporating morphology, genetic, and biological data, will be essential for both species identification and the elucidation of leucochloridiid diversity in the region.

Color grading of green Sichuan pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum DC.)dried fruit based on image processing and BP neural network algorithm

In order to achieve rapid and accurate grading of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. dried fruit, this study utilized image processing technology combined with BP neural networks for the dried fruit of Z. armatum identification to enhance the market value of Z. armatum and their products. The results showed that preprocessing the images with a yellow background yielded the best results, effectively distinguishing the external contours and internal images of Z. armatum. The extracted image of the dried fruit can represent information about its peel, with R, G, and B values being the largest at 69.3285, 65.6432, and 31.2561, respectively. Among the seven drying methods, the average G value was highest at 71.0560 under the conditions of blowing at 42℃, whereas it was lowest at 47.3840 under sunlight drying. Moreover, R, G, B, H, S, and I represent the input layer nodes of the BP neural network. The change in the number of hidden layers did not correlate with the classification results. The classification accuracy of the BP neural network for Z. armatum classification under all dry conditions was 79.53 %-98.04 %, indicating high reliability. The proposed method can provide a theoretical basis for future research on Z. armatum classification.

Health warning labels on cannabis products. What is the best design?

BackgroundHealth warning label on cannabis products has been recently studied, and with the latest trends of regulation around the world, there is a need to determine the most effective ways to apply this strategy. The current study aimed to examine the effects of different health warning label designs (pictorial vs text-only, background color, warning themes) on cannabis products. MethodsAn online experiment study (N=533) was carried out in Colombia with a between-subject design. Participants were randomly assigned to five package conditions: without warning, text-only white warning, text-only yellow warning, pictorial white warning, and pictorial yellow warning. Participants performed an attention task and rated each of the stimuli based on product appeal, perceived addictiveness, harm perception, and interest in trying cannabis products. ResultsPictorial health warnings were generally the most effective. Especially, pictorial health warnings with a yellow background were found to decrease product appeal and interest in trying cannabis products, as well as increase harm perception compared to other designs. The most effective warning themes were mental health, smoke toxicity, aesthetic implications, and traffic accidents. ConclusionThe current study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of different designs of cannabis health warnings. Our results suggest that graphic yellow warnings are the most effective in communicating the risks of cannabis use.

Contributed Session III: The limits of resolution in the S-cone pathway.

The resolution of the S-cone pathway is first constrained by the density and arrangement of S-cones in the photoreceptor mosaic. Prior work comparing S-cone isolating visual acuity (sVA) to histological estimates of S-cone density has led to mixed conclusions, likely due to inter-individual differences in the S-cone sub-mosaic. We examined sVA in subjects with spectrally classified cone mosaics to test how the grain of the S-cone sub-mosaic limits resolution. Three observers whose cones were previously classified via adaptive optics (AO)-OCT based optoretinography participated in an sVA task at eccentricities ranging from 1.3° to 12.9° spread along all four cardinal meridians. Observers adapted to yellow light [CIE (0.45, 0.51); 200 cd/m2] for two minutes.Then, acuity was measured using a Tumbling 'E' task that showed blue [CIE (0.16, 0.044); 0.66 cd/m2) letters on the same yellow background, with an S-cone contrast of 0.93 (L/M-cone contrasts <0.01). Simultaneously recorded high-resolution AOSLO videos helped guide stimulus delivery to the spectrally classified retinal area. Measured sVAs were worse than predicted by the calculated S-cone Nyquist limit at all eccentricities, suggesting pooling of information from S-cones. Moreover, this pooling increased with eccentricity. While sVA does not follow the S-cone Nyquist limit, it is in good concordance with the Nyquist limit corresponding to known estimates of the sampling density of small bistratified retinal ganglion cells.

The effect of aquarium color background on the survival, growth performance, body coloration, and enzymatic activity of laboratory cultured Cherax quadricarinatus juveniles

The effect of different background colors (red, yellow, blue, green, white, and black) on crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus juveniles was evaluated over a 50-day rearing period. Survival, growth, body color, and enzymatic activity were assessed. At the experiment's conclusion, survival, growth, and weight were calculated. Body color was analyzed using Lab color composition, and enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, superoxide dismutase, catalase) were assessed in the dissected hepatopancreas. Results showed no effect of background color on survival rate (P > 0.05). However, crayfish reared against black and red backgrounds exhibited significantly higher weight, growth rate, and condition factor compared to those on white and yellow backgrounds (P < 0.05). Background color also influenced body color, with deeper coloration observed on claws, tail, and abdomen against white, yellow, green, red, black, and blue backgrounds. Crayfish on white and yellow backgrounds showed similar coloration (ΔE = 1.69), in contrast to specimens cultured against the blue background (ΔE = 23.94). The amylase (AMS) activity varied, with the highest in black backgrounds and the lowest in blue. Lipase (LPS) activity did not differ significantly except for lower activity in the blue and green background. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was highest in the red background and lowest in the green background. Catalase (CAT) activity varied significantly, with the highest in red and black groups and inhibitory activity in green. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms behind enzymatic activity variations due to background color. The effect of environmental conditions on body color modification should be considered in C. quadricarinatus juvenile culture. Dark backgrounds are recommended for growth, while light backgrounds should be avoided.

Warning labels on alcoholic beverage containers: a pilot randomized experiment among young adults in Mexico

BackgroundLittle is known about the potential impacts of visible and up-to-date health warning labels on alcoholic beverage containers on a range of outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted an experimental study to test the potential impacts of visible health warning labels (on the principal panel of the package) on thinking about health risks, product attractiveness, visual avoidance, and intention to change alcohol use among students in Mexico aged 18–30 years.MethodsA double-blind, parallel-group, online randomized trial was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 in 11 states in Mexico. In the control group, participants were presented with the image of a conventional beer can with a fictional design and brand. In the intervention groups, the participants observed pictograms with a red font and white backgrounds (health warning label in red—HWL red) or with a black font and yellow backgrounds (health warning label in yellow—HWL yellow), located at the top, covering around one-third of the beer can. We used Poisson regression models -unadjusted and adjusted for covariates- to assess differences in the outcomes across study groups.ResultsUsing intention-to-treat analysis (n = 610), we found more participants in groups HWL red and HWL yellow thought about the health risks from drinking beer compared to the control group [Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1.43, CI95%:1.05,1.93 for HWL red; PR = 1.25, CI95%: 0.91, 1.71 for HWL yellow]. A lower percentage of young adults in the interventions vs control group considered the product attractive (PR 0.74, 95%CI 0.51, 1.06 for HWL red; PR 0.56, 95%CI 0.38, 0.83 for HWL yellow). Although not statistically significant, a lower percentage of participants in the intervention groups considered buying or consuming the product than the control group. Results were similar when models were adjusted for covariates.ConclusionsVisible health warning labels could lead individuals to think about the health risks of alcohol, reducing the attractiveness of the product and decreasing the intention to purchase and consume alcohol. Further studies will be required to determine which pictograms or images and legends are most contextually relevant for the country.Trial registrationThe protocol of this study was retrospectively registered on 03/01/2023: ISRCTN10494244.

A cross sectional descriptive study of dermoscopic features of clinical variants of cutaneous tuberculosis

Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health concern worldwide with almost 20–40% of the world's population being affected yearly. Cutaneous Tuberculosis (TB) is a rare and underdiagnosed entity that manifests in about 1–1.5% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases worldwide. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool which will be a useful aid to histopathology in the confirmation of the diagnosis alongside culture, and molecular techniques. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted at a tertiary care center in Mumbai, India. A total of 31 patients were enrolled in this study; 14 males and 17 females. The mean duration of disease was 4.3 months and the average age was 31 years. There were 10 cases of lupus vulgaris, 7 scrofuloderma, 5 papulonecrotic tuberculid (PNT), 3 tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC), and 2 cases each of erythema induratum of Bazin, lichen scrofulosorum and resolved lupus vulgaris. All the lesions demonstrated orange yellow background suggestive of dermal granuloma. Other key dermoscopic features noted include yellowish-white scales, patulous follicles, white structureless areas, milia-like cysts, white streaks, pigment globules, hairpin and linear vessels. Newer findings such as the crown of vessels and perifollicular pallor in lichen scrofulosorum, and radiating white streaks in PNT were also noted. Dermoscopy of infective granulomas such as cutaneous tuberculosis is a less explored field of dermatology. Newer dermoscopic features of each clinical variant of cutaneous TB have been described.

A new species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from an area of high anthropogenic impacts in the headwaters of Rio Iguaçu, Southern Brazil

Cambeva piraquara, sp. nov., a restricted-range and rare species last collected from over 20 years ago, is described from the Rio Piraquara, upper Rio Iguaçu basin, Rio Paraná (La Plata) system. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by having two conspicuous dark-brown longitudinal stripes on the inner skin layer of body over a plain yellowish background: a conspicuous wide and well-defined dark-brown longitudinal mid-lateral stripe extending from the opercular patch of odontodes to the first third of caudal-fin rays and a dorso-sagittal stripe comprising large and coalescent rounded blotches extending from occipital to the dorsal-fin base. We provide an illustrated osteological description and assess the conservation status of the new species, which faces several environmental impacts in the upper Rio Iguaçu basin.

Julia and the Shark by Kiran Millwood Hargrave

Reviewed by: Julia and the Shark by Kiran Millwood Hargrave Kate Quealy-Gainer, Editor Hargrave, Kiran Millwood Julia and the Shark; illus. by Tom de Freston. Union Square, 2023 [224p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781454948681 $18.99 Paper ed. ISBN 9781454948698 $9.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781454948704 $8.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 4-6 Of all places, Julia’s dad’s programming job has brought the ten-year-old girl and her parents to a remote, failing little lighthouse in Shetland so he can reprogram the light. The seaside setting is also a perfect place for her marine biologist mother to look for the elusive Greenland shark, so while Dad is preoccupied with a stubbornly malfunctioning light and Mum is off on a charter boat each day, Julia is pretty much left to her own devices. The summer of family togetherness has turned into a solitary retreat as her mother pulls away, her father grows frustrated, and they both start fighting more often than not. With her loneliness only increasing, Julia comes to believe if she can just help her mom find the shark, her family will be whole again. The narrative tone and the gorgeous artwork of this UK import come together to present an authentic, compassionate look at a girl flailing in rocky familial waters; Julia is old enough to recognize the storm for what is but not experienced enough to steer herself and her family toward calmer seas. The dreamy illustrations underscore the emotions with deft subtlety; dappled shades of yellow and black background the text, eventually shaping into Julia, the shark, and the rough waves she must travel. The depictions of her mother’s struggles with mental health are realistic but tender, placing that condition within the wonderful, caring wholeness that is Mum. Honest but still hopeful, this makes a strong readalike for Allen’s The Line Tender (BCCB 4/19) or Kelly’s Song for a Whale (BCCB 2/19). Copyright © 2022 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Dermoscopic Features and Their Diagnostic Values Among Common Inflammatory and Infectious Dermatoses: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool widely used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of general dermatological conditions. To determine the dermoscopic features and their diagnostic value in distinguishing common inflammatory and infectious dermatoses. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients clinically diagnosed with common inflammatory or infectious skin diseases. Baseline characteristics and clinical and dermoscopic findings were recorded. Dermoscopic variables were analyzed using a correlation matrix. A skin biopsy was performed for each patient for a definitive diagnosis. Of 102 patients, 43 with dermatitis, 30 with psoriasis, 14 with lichen planus (LP), 5 with pityriasis rosea (PR), and 10 with others were included. Dull red background, patchy vessels, and scales showed significant positive correlations with dermatitis (r = 0.401, 0.488, and 0.327, respectively; p < 0.01), whereas bright red background, glomerular vessels, regular vascular distribution, and diffuse scales revealed significant positive correlations with psoriasis (r = 0.412, 0.266, 0.798, and 0.401, respectively; p < 0.01). For LP, whitish reticulate structures, purplish background, and dotted vessels mixed with linear vessels in the peripheral distribution were significantly positively correlated (r = 0.831, 0.771, 0.224, and 0.558, respectively; p < 0.05). Yellowish background and peripheral scales were predictive of PR diagnosis (r = 0.254 and 0.583, respectively; p < 0.01). Dermoscopy can be used as an adjunctive tool to differentiate conditions among common inflammatory and infectious dermatoses in order to minimize unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures.

The background adaptation of the skin color in the loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

Body color change is one of the most important manifestations of fish adaptation to the environment. In this study, the body color change of two kinds of loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) with different body colors under five different background colors was first studied. It was found that the color of dorsal skin of gray-black loach changed more than that in the abdominal skin, and the L* value of the dorsal skin on the red, yellow and white backgrounds changed significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the gray-black loach, the body color of golden loach changed less, and the L* value of the back skin and the abdomen skin did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the dynamic change characteristics and adaptive mechanism of body color in different background colors was studied in a black-white background conversion model. The results showed that the greyscale color decreased from 72.33 ± 2.55–38.22 ± 2.33, the melanocytes changed from dendritic to mass, and the L* value of the back skin increased significantly (P < 0.05) after transferring the loach from a black background to a white background. The concentration of plasma ATCH decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and that of MCH increased significantly (P < 0.05). When transferring the loach from a white background to a black background, these indicators showed an opposite trend. This study provides a scientific basis for healthy farming of loach and understanding the background color adaptation mechanism of fish.

Pupal Warning Coloration of Three Species of Cystidia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) in Relation to Their Pupation Sites.

Many insects display a cryptic color to avoid detection by predators that search for prey by sight. However, some species with chemicals that predators dislike may display a warning color (aposematism) to predators. The predators can learn easier that the species is unsuitable as prey if the color is more conspicuous. Therefore, it is assumed that the acquisition of the warning color requires not only unpalatability, but also exposure of the color to predators and the ability of predators to recognize and learn it unpalatable. In the moths of the subfamily Ennominae, almost all of genera produce uniformly brown or green pupae, but the pupae of the genus Cystidia have conspicuous coloration of yellow background and black spots. In this study, to clarify whether the color of these pupae is the warning color or not, we compared the coloration, pupation site, and palatability among the three species of this genus: C. couaggaria, C. truncangulata, and C. stratonice. Learning by the predators was also examined using lizards as a potential predator of the moths. The results showed that all three species were repelled (unpalatable) by the lizards, and that repeated providing of the pupae to the lizards decreased their willingness to prey on them (probably due to learning). Pupation sites of C. couaggaria and C. truncangulata were located on the surface of branches and leaves high above the ground, whereas C. stratonice pupated in the space of leaves spun with course silk at lower site above the ground. Thus, the conspicuous coloration of pupal Cystidia is considered to be a warning color, but the pupae of C. stratonice are more blackish than those of the most closely related C. truncangulata. The pupal color of C. stratonice is likely to have a dual meaning as cryptic and warning colors. The dark colored pupa may be inconspicuous when hidden within the leaf space, but once detected by the predators, the yellow color of the pupa may function as a warning color.

Kajian Ekologi Lanskap Sawah dan Pilihan Praktik Pengelolaan Jerami Padi di Desa Mandikapau Barat, Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan

This study purpose was to explore information on the rice field landscape ecology and rice straw management practices in Mandikapau Barat Village, Karang Intan District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The rice field landscape ecological data was extracted from Google Maps. Types, rice production, farmer profiles and selection of rice straw utilization practices were known through interviews. Results showed that elongated fragments (70%) were common in paddy fields and the rest (30%) were hexagonal in shape. Corridors in dry rice fields are bunds with a width of 40-50 cm, while in wet rice fields the bunds are wider (60-80 cm). Farmer average ownership is ±3.917.6 m2. The most widely grown local rice varieties are Siam Pandak Laut (straw yellow lemma and palea, stem height ±145 cm) and Siam Cantik (golden yellow lemma and palea on straw yellow background, stem height ±160 cm). The level of local rice production reaches 1.5 – 3.1 Ton/Ha per growing season. Estimated production of rice straw is 2.1 – 4.4 Ton/Ha. Gender farmers are mostly women (76%), compared to only about 24% of men. The status of land ownership is smallholder farmers as much as 80%. The highest respondent's age (48%) is 40-50 years old and the least is over 50 years old (24%). Most of the farmers (84%) stated that they did not use rice straw, arguing that the practice had been passed down (64%). There is a relationship between gender and the practice of using straw (p=0.036&lt;0.050) and reasons for not using rice straw (p=0.021&lt;0.050).

Detection and Semi-quantification of Lipids on High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Plate using Ceric Ammonium Molybdate Staining.

It is desirable to quickly check the composition of lipids in small size samples, but achieving this is challenging using the existing staining methods. Herein, we developed a highly sensitive and semi-quantitative method for analysis of lipid samples with ceric ammonium molybdate (CAM) staining. The CAM detection method was systematically evaluated with a wide range of lipid classes including phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, fatty acids (FA) and sterols, demonstrating high sensitivity, stability, and overall efficiency. Additionally, CAM staining provides a clean yellow background in high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) which facilitates quantification of lipids using image processing software. Lipids can be stained with CAM reagent regardless of their head group types, position of the carbon-carbon double bonds, geometric isomerism and the variation in the length of FA chain, but staining is mostly affected by the degree of unsaturation of the FA backbone. The mechanism of the CAM staining of lipids was proposed on principles of the reduction-oxidation reaction, in which Mo(VI) oxidizes the unsaturated lipids into carbonyl compounds on the HPTLC plate upon heating, while itself being reduced to Mo(IV). This method was applied for the separation, identification, and quantification of lipid extracts from porcine brain.

A New Species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a Montane Atlantic Rainforest of Southeastern Brazil, with a Reappraisal of the Species Groups in the Genus

Toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus are endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, where they inhabit the forest floor leaf litter. These miniaturized frogs are commonly known as flea-toads or pumpkin toadlets depending on their phenotypic characteristics. Herein, we describe a new species of the genus Brachycephalus from montane forests (970–1200 m a.s.l.) in the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. The new species is characterized by having a small body size within the genus (maximum SVL 9.6 mm in males and 10.9 mm in females), a noticeably granular dorsum with an X-shaped mark and a median row of small yellow tubercles, a yellow background color with red blotches on ventral surfaces, a lateral dark brown stripe, and the absence of hyperossification in the skeleton. Morphological features of the new taxon resemble those of both flea-toads and pumpkin toadlets. Based on our molecular phylogenetic hypothesis, the new species is recovered sister to the clade formed by the monophyletic B. ephippium and B. vertebralis species groups (previously considered as lineages of a more inclusive B. ephippium group). We also reinforce the suggestion of not using the name B. didactylus group because it does not represent a monophyletic taxon. The new species probably has an extremely restricted geographic distribution, and its discovery reinforces the importance of the Serra dos Órgãos mountains for the conservation of the Atlantic Rainforest anuran biodiversity.

The consistent background color preference highlights the personality in the lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus

Background color in aquaculture has been paid more attention due to the effect on fish growth, survival, health, and reproduction. In the present study, we evaluated the background color preference of the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) and its relationship with personality. Preference was assessed over 10 consecutive days through allowing the lined seahorse to freely choose six different colored compartments, i.e., white, red, green, black, yellow, and blue backgrounds. To minimize the spurious preference response, the individual preference index (PI) was applied to calculate the preference intensity of the background colors. Preference reliability was further verified by a binary choice test through the choice for the most preferred or non-preferred color. Preference consistency under stress situation was assessed by a “knock-at-the-door” test as confining the seahorse in a transparent circle after a 30-s air exposure and measuring the proportion of knock toward different colored backgrounds. The personality was conjointly analyzed by new environment test and novel object test. Overall, the lined seahorse showed a general preference for white and blue while avoidance of black and red backgrounds at either unstressed or stressed situations. The shyer the seahorse was, the more preference for white background it displayed. Thus, white and blue background colors are recommended for culturing the lined seahorse. Furthermore, white color preference is a potential indicator in personality study of the lined seahorse.

Dermoscopic findings and histopathological correlation in large cell acanthoma.

Since large cell acanthoma (LCA) has many overlapping clinical and histopathological features with other epidermal pigmented tumours, an additional method to differentiate it would be of great clinical significance. A retrospective study was performed on 33 lesions (26 patients) to identify distinct dermoscopic findings of LCA and to describe dermoscopic-histopathological correlations. The results revealed that dermoscopy significantly aids in the distinction of LCA from other epidermal tumours included in the differential diagnosis. Yellow opaque homogeneous background, brown dots, and moth-eaten border are common findings, and prominent skin markings and short white streaks are additional distinguishing features. Several important findings that are common in other diseases are rare in LCA.

Distinguishing Genuine Imperial Qing Dynasty Porcelain from Ancient Replicas by On-Site Non-Invasive XRF and Raman Spectroscopy.

The combined use of non-invasive on-site portable techniques, Raman microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy on seven imperial bowls and two decorated dishes, attributed to the reigns of the Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong, and Daoguang emperors (Qing Dynasty), allows the identification of the coloring agents/opacifiers and composition types of the glazes and painted enamels. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the elements used in the (blue) marks and those found in the blue, yellow, red, and honey/gilded backgrounds on which, or in reserve, a floral motif is principally drawn. The honey-colored background is made with gold nanoparticles associated with a lead- and arsenic-based flux. One of the red backgrounds is also based on gold nanoparticles, the second containing copper nanoparticles, both in lead-based silicate enamels like the blue and yellow backgrounds. Tin and arsenic are observed, but cassiterite (SnO2) is clearly observed in one of the painted decors (dish) and in A676 yellow, whereas lead (calcium/potassium) arsenate is identified in most of the enamels. Yellow color is achieved with Pb-Sn-Sb pyrochlore (Naples yellow) with various Sb contents, although green color is mainly based on lead-tin oxide mixed with blue enamel. The technical solutions appear very different from one object to another, which leads one to think that each bowl is really a unique object and not an item produced in small series. The visual examination of some marks shows that they were made in overglaze (A608, A616, A630, A672). It is obvious that different types of cobalt sources were used for the imprinting of the marks: cobalt rich in manganese for bowl A615 (Yongzheng reign), cobalt rich in arsenic for bowl A613 (but not the blue mark), cobalt with copper (A616), and cobalt rich in arsenic and copper (A672). Thus, we have a variety of cobalt sources/mixtures. The high purity of cobalt used for A677 bowl indicates a production after ~1830–1850.