Years Of Intense Negotiations Research Articles

The spectre of the Khmer Rouge over Cambodia

After 27 years of international amnesia over bringing the Khmer Rouge to justice, and following six years of intense negotiations between the United Nations and the Government of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge tribunal, officially known as the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (eccc), was established in 2006. The tribunal is a UN-assisted national court, with international participation of prosecutors and judges.

Registration: The Cornerstone of REACH

The EC Regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) came into force on 1 June 2007, marking the end of three years of intense negotiations between the Council and the European Parliament. One of the most hotly debated topics was the registration of substances, where the original Commission proposal sparked an extensive debate about the volume-based structure proposed. Risk-based prioritization was a concept proposed by both industry and academia to replace this, but due to its own fundamental lack of workability, its inclusion was rejected. However, a lightening of the low tonnage levels was agreed, along with the practical implementation of the ‘one substance, one registration’ principle. Overall, it can be seen that despite the many changes proposed, analyzed, discussed and accepted during the three years of intense negotiations, the basic architecture that the Commission proposed remains and registration will provide an enforceable framework for companies and will ensure a level playing field for chemicals across Europe.

Cyprus: Lessons from the debacle of 2004 and the way ahead

It is now a little over a year since the best chance of settling the Cyprus Problem in the 45 years that it has been on the international community's agenda was accepted by two-thirds of the Turkish Cypriots who voted, and rejected by three-quarters of the Greek Cypriots. This sad ending to nearly five years of intensive negotiations under the aegis of the United Nations, with the full backing of the European Union and all the main external powers which have traditionally played a role in Cyprus—Greece, Turkey, Britain and the USA—with the partial exception of Russia, leaves the island, as it has been now for two generations, divided and a bone of contention, causing problems well beyond its own borders.

Finally Wellcome

The United Kingdom's premier genomics lab is set to grow. After 5 years of intense negotiations, local authorities have approved a plan by the Wellcome Trust to add 27,000 square meters of academic and commercial space to its Genome Campus in Hinxton, near Cambridge. The trust's initial plan for a larger expansion was rejected in 1997.

The International Criminal Court: An Historie Step to Combat Impunity

Fifty years after it was originally promised in article VI ofthe Genocide Convention, the International Criminal Court (ICC) has finally seen the light of day. It was created by the Rome Conference, which met from June 15 to July l7, 1998, following four years of intense negotiations. This article provides an overview of the Rome Statute for an International Criminal Court along with a discussion of entry into force of the treaty.

The Cambodia Settlement Agreements

On October 23, 1991, representatives of nineteen states participating in the Paris Conference on Cambodia signed a set of accords aimed at ending the twenty-year-old conflict in that country. The solemn ceremony at the Kleber Center in Paris marked the conclusion of over three years of intensive negotiations at a variety of levels, including interfactional, regional and international, to end one of the world’s most tragic regional disputes. It also signaled the beginning of an unprecedented role for the United Nations in the resolution of such conflicts.

Shell, Army to clean up Colorado arsenal site

Under a federal consent decree, the Army and Shell Oil Co. have agreed to share the costs of cleaning up toxic chemical wastes at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Colorado. cost of the operation at the 27-square-mile site could be more than $1 billion, making this the most expensive cleanup ever negotiated. Army manufactured chemical and incendiary weapons during World War II at the arsenal and made nerve gas there during the Korean War. Shell Oil came onto the site in 1952 when it bought an existing company that was producing pesticides there. Shell continued the operation until 1982. More than 140 hazardous waste sites are thought to be on the arsenal property. agreement settles a 1983 lawsuit against Shell by the Justice Department asking reimbursement for government costs already incurred at the site. The consent decree is the result of two years of intensive negotiations, says acting assistant attorney ...