Years Of Adjustment Research Articles

HPV vaccination strategy for 14-year-old females and economic returns for cervical cancer prevention in Wuxi City, China: a cost effectiveness analysis

BackgroundSince December 2021, Wuxi, China has offered a two-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to 14-year-old females for free. This study evaluated the costs and benefits of this vaccination scheduled in the Expanded Program on Immunization in Wuxi from the perspective of the cities’ demographic characteristics, economic development, and policy support.MethodsThe model-based economic evaluation used TreeAge Pro software to construct a decision tree-Markov model for the vaccination strategy in which 100,000 14-year-old females received two doses of bivalent HPV vaccine or no vaccination. Costs and effects of the strategy were assessed from a societal perspective through literature research and data obtained from the Wuxi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Univariate, multivariate, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed the stability of the findings.ResultsThe cost of the bivalent HPV vaccine in Wuxi is 711.3 CNY. The two-dose of bivalent HPV vaccine for 100,000 14-year-old females would cost an additional 658,016 CNY compared to no vaccination, but would result in 1,960 Quality Adjustment Years of Life (QALYs). Using the per capita gross domestic product of 187,415 CNY in 2021 in Wuxi as the willingness-to-pay threshold, the vaccination strategy costs 3,357.37 CNY per QALY gained, which is much lower than the threshold, suggesting that it is a very cost-effective strategy. In addition, the vaccine strategy reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by 300 cases and cervical cancer deaths by 181 cases, representing a benefit-cost ratio of 2.86 (> 1) when health output outcomes were measured in monetary terms. These results suggested that the vaccination strategy was advantageous. Sensitivity analyses showed that changes in the parameters did not affect the conclusions and that the findings were robust.ConclusionsCompared to no vaccination, the delivery of two doses of bivalent HPV vaccine for 14-year-old females was a more highly cost-effective and optimal strategy.

Financial big data management and intelligence based on computer intelligent algorithm

With the acceleration of China’s economic integration process, enterprises have gained greater advantages in the fierce market competition, and gradually formed the trend of grouping and large-scale. However, as the scale of the company increases, the establishment of a branch also causes many problems. For example, in order to obtain more benefits, the business performance of the company can generate false growth, resulting in financial and operational risks. This paper analyzed the current situation and needs of enterprise financial control from two aspects of theory and practice, combined with specific engineering projects, taking ZH Group as an example, according to the actual situation of the enterprise. The article first introduces the basic situation of the enterprise; Then, the financial control strategy was designed, and different modules were designed to achieve financial control; Afterwards, use a reverse neural network to evaluate the effectiveness of financial management and risk warning; Relying on particle swarm optimization algorithm to seek the optimal solution and applying it to financial management and risk warning, in order to improve the level of introspection and risk management in decision-making. Finally, the value of computer intelligence algorithms in financial big data management is evaluated by constructing a financial risk indicator system. Through the analysis of enterprise financial management, the total asset turnover rate of ZH Group decreased by 0.39 times in 5 years. After 5 years of adjustment of the company’s business, the company’s overall operational capabilities still needed to be improved, and the company’s comprehensive business capabilities also still needed to be improved. Therefore, the application of intelligent algorithms for financial control is very necessary.

Urban chronic diseases management through promoting low carbon lifestyle and physical activities

Abstract Achieving carbon emission peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 is China’s long-term climate change strategy for the 21st century in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement. Achieving carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality have caused a profound change in the society, which not only requires energy conservation and carbon emission reduction of all walks of life, but also profoundly affects people’s lifestyles. In the current carbon emission reduction research, low-carbon lifestyles tends to focus on the relationship between human behavior and energy conservation. This paper starts from a new perspective, low-carbon lifestyle and health, focuses on the community fitness activity environment in the construction of complete residential communities, seizes the Combination of Physical-Medical Therapy national policy, improves people’s health on the basis of advocating fitness activities and reducing medical travel, closely links low-carbon, health and community construction, and endows the low-carbon community with a health function. Studies have shown that regular exercise can effectively prevent and manage many urban chronic diseases. By carefully selecting the prevalent chronic diseases and population disability adjustment years, this paper presents the characteristics of chronic diseases in major China provinces. Taking into account popular fitness activities, this paper innovatively puts forward the ‘urban chronic disease community physical activity management model’. At the same time, it proposes the community fitness and activity infrastructure design and build strategies to manage urban chronic diseases. At the end of the article, it gives an actual project case of fitness and activity environment and puts forward the suggestion of establishing ‘Living Laboratory for Community Fitness and Activity’ as the test bed to collect big data for follow-up study.

Genealogies of Ghana’s housing crisis: the role of colonial interventions and neoliberal reforms

The urgent need to develop and increase housing units has always featured prominently in electioneering campaigns in Ghana. Successive governments have developed countless programmes to deal with the housing deficit, but there has not been a significant improvement. As we write, the government of Ghana is grappling with a housing deficit of over two million units. But why has this problem remained intractable despite what seems like concerted efforts by various administrations to provide affordable housing for Ghana’s more vulnerable populations? Focusing on the 2015 National Housing Policy, this article critically reviews Ghana’s various housing policies and reforms, exploring how colonial policies and neoliberal reforms are separately and jointly implicated, in fundamental ways, in Ghana’s currently engulfing housing crisis. Our findings reveal that the yawning gap noticeable in Ghana’s overall effort at housing provision for the populace, is rooted in the colonial logic of piecemeal intervention. This same logic has continued to traverse successive Ghanaian housing policies through the immediate postcolonial era, the adjustment years, and the current period.

Behavioral Inhibition in Early Childhood and Adjustment in Late Adolescence in China.

This study examined relations between behavioral inhibition in toddlerhood and social, school, and psychological adjustment in late adolescence in China. Data on behavioral inhibition were collected from a sample of 2-year-olds (initial N=247). Follow-up data were collected at 7years for peer relationships and 19years for adjustment across domains. The results showed that early inhibition positively predicted later social competence and school adjustment. Peer relationships in middle childhood served as a protective factor in the development of depression of inhibited children. The results indicate the distinct functional meaning of behavioral inhibition in the Chinese context from a developmental perspective.

Accession impact and outlook for Croatian and EU crop and livestock markets

Aim of study: To investigate the impact of Croatia’s accession to the EU on its agricultural sector, its market outlook and the EU’s key agricultural products up to 2030.Area of study: Croatia and European Union member statesMaterial and methods: Comparative approach was used in order to identify similarities of the changes that took place when other Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) acceded to the EU (results of previously conducted research) with the changes that happened in Croatia (historical data between 2010 and 2016). The second approach involved the AGMEMOD partial equilibrium model, which has been used as a comprehensive tool to model the complex outlook of Croatian agricultural markets. The results of the Croatian outlook were compared to the EU’s AGMEMOD outlook results in order to identify future trends in key agricultural market development (production, yield and net trade) and whether these newly established trends were comparable with EU trends.Main results: The changes that took place in the Croatian agricultural sector during and after the EU accession period are not significantly different from the trends and changes observed in other Central and Eastern EU member states. Similarities can especially be found in neighbouring CEEC countries (Hungary and Slovenia), which kept their producer prices close to EU levels prior to accession. Furthermore, the results indicate a similarity with CEEC trends in terms of the strengthening of crop production compared to livestock.Research highlights: Positive effects of EU integration on the Croatian agricultural sector took place after a few years of adjustment. Simulations of future market developments indicate many similarities between Croatia and EU 13 member states.

ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL DISCIPLINE PRINCIPLES AND INTERVENTIONS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Increasing evidence shows that punitive discipline is ineffective and detrimental. Using empowerment theory and the opportunity-to-learn conceptual framework, this literature review seeks to broaden school personnel’s knowledge of alternative discipline interventions. Searching ERIC and JSTOR databases, we looked for English language, North American literature published between 1996 and 2016 that discussed alternative individual and school-wide disciplinary approaches. The literature we found indicates that punitive measures are counter-productive; that several alternative disciplinary models share common principles; and that studies point to favourable outcomes of some alternative school discipline models. While the transition towards alternative discipline may require additional resources and years of adjustment, a healthier school climate can foster the empowerment and academic achievement of marginalized students.

From the President of RUSA: RUSA: Change is in the Air

It is my turn to welcome all new and returning members to RUSA. As we open the door on the new year this September, we find some interesting changes on our doorstep. While change is no stranger to our profession, perhaps some of the appeal of RUSA is the comfort we find in an association that does not change too much. Members enjoy established traditions and supportive, collegial networks that span our working lives. But, RUSA is an organic organization, so change and adaptation are part of the natural evolution of things. This year will be a year of adjustment and new beginnings. It will require patience when, not if, we encounter bumps in the road. The challenge before us is to manage the change while endeavoring to create forward momentum.

Anxiety and Depression in Cyberbullied College Students: A Retrospective Study.

Cyberbullying is a worldwide phenomenon and its effects can be severe. To better understand the personal and situational factors in cyberbullying, we approach it from the perspective of the general aggression model. More specifically, we analyze the medium and long-term impact of past experiences of cyberbullying on university students. We also compare their psychological adjustment with peers who have not been cyberbullied by examining the recall of cyberbullying while attending secondary school of 1,593 university students. Participants from a Spanish University (N = 680) and a Bolivian University (N = 913) were invited to participate by filling in an online survey. It included the School Violence Questionnaire-Revised, CUVE-R, to assess school and classroom climate in relation to bullying and cyberbullying, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results show that among the participants, 5.1% reported having suffered cyberbullying and 19.3% reported having been a bystander of cyberbullying, with similar percentages between universities. Canonical correlation suggests that variables related to school climate best explain the variability among participants who have and have not been cyberbullied. Those who have been cyberbullied scored significantly higher on anxiety and depression symptoms as well. Being a bystander of cyberbullying was not associated to significant differences on psychological adjustment (i.e., anxiety and depression). Results indicated that experiencing cyberbullying in secondary school is associated to lower psychological adjustment years later as university students. School climate variables contribute more strongly to identifying victims of cyberbullying. These results support the need for psychosocial interventions from a broader perspective, addressing the different dimensions of this phenomenon and its impact on victims.

Threatened identities: adjustment narratives of expatriate spouses

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore changes in the identity constructions of expatriate accompanying spouses, as experienced throughout their first year of adjustment to living in Sarawak, Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachUsing interview data collected longitudinally throughout ten participants’ first year of living in Malaysia, changes observed in participants’ adjustment narratives over time form the basis of an analysis of successful and unsuccessful cases of identity adjustment.FindingsAn international relocation presents varying degrees of threat or challenge to expatriate spouses’ central identities. The degree of threat posed will predict the amount of redefinition of social, role, and personal identities required for successful adjustment across social, cultural, and personal domains. Men experienced threats to their career/worker identity, whereas women faced multiple threats to identities such as mother, wife/partner, child, and also their career/worker identity.Research limitations/implicationsResults of this small-n research may not be generalisable, but do offer new interpretations of adjustment processes, including potential gender differences. The usefulness of longitudinal narrative inquiry for exploring experience of change is highlighted.Practical implicationsConversations about identity constructions should be held with expatriate spouses in order to support relocation decision making, and to customise support programmes. Governments wanting to attract and retain foreign talent should consider policies that address employment options for spouses, which will allow for the continuation of central career identities.Originality/valueLongitudinal case study analysis results in new interpretations of the adjustment experiences of expatriate spouses over time.

Centralization and decentralization: Evaluation of marine and coastal management models and performance in the Northwest Pacific Region

The marine and coastal management (MCM) in various coastal countries is closely related to the national political systems, history, economic development and maritime strategies of the countries. No region in the world embodies as many differences as the Northwest Pacific Region (NWPR). Against this complex background, this paper comparatively analyses the institutional arrangement and legal system of the MCM in this region, summarizes the characteristics and divides the five coastal countries around the NWPR into two models: the MCM of China and ROK belongs to centralization, and the MCM of Japan, DPRK, and Russia belongs to decentralization. To evaluate the MCM performance in the five countries, this paper establishes an indicator framework from the four elements of the institutional arrangement and management, the legal system, the coastal environment and the ocean economy, and the principal component analysis (PCA) method is employed as the weighting method to synthesize the evaluation results. The evaluation results demonstrate that compared to the other four countries, Japan performed better in terms of the institutional arrangement and management and legal system aspects; DPRK performed best in terms of the evaluation aspects of the coastal environment; and China performed best in terms of the ocean economy aspects. In terms of the general MCM performance, Japan performed best, followed by ROK, China and Russia, with DPRK performing the worst. Overall, the MCM in the NWPR after years of adjustment has been effectual, and the effectiveness of the MCM performance among different countries varies greatly. Regardless of the differences in the current effectiveness of the MCMs of these countries, it is a future trend to improve the coastal environment and develop the ocean economy according to one’s own development needs. Finally, the main areas to be improved in the various countries are proposed.

The Role of Helminth Infection and Environment in the Development of Allergy: A Prospective Study of Newly-Arrived Ethiopian Immigrants in Israel.

Helminth infection may be protective against allergy and account for the low prevalence of allergy in developing countries. We studied prospectively the prevalence of allergy in Ethiopian immigrants with heavy helminth infection on arrival in Israel, and again after a year of adjustment to an urban industrialized setting, to explore the roles of helminth infection, changed environment and background immunity on the manifestations of allergy. 126 newly arrived Ethiopian immigrants were studied at baseline and 115 after a year of follow up in Israel. Allergic symptoms, Skin prick tests (SPT), Tuberculin (PPD) skin tests, stool and blood samples were obtained for determining parasites, blood IgE and eosinophil levels, respectively. Anti-helminthic therapy was offered to the entire infected individuals, but only 50/108 (46.3%) took the medication. At baseline, there was a significant negative association between helminth infection and allergy, 4/18 (22.2%) of uninfected participants were allergic compared to 7/108 (6.5%) of helminth-infected participants (p = 0.028), as well as between helminth infection and SPT reactivity, 12/18 (66.6%) of uninfected participants compared to 43/108 (39.8%) of helminth-infected participants (p = 0.033). After one year, a significant general increase in allergy and SPT was observed. While only 11/126 (8.7%) were allergic at baseline, 30/115 (26.1%) became allergic at follow-up (p<0.0001), and while 55/126 (43.7%) were SPT+ at baseline, 79/115 (68.7%) became SPT+ at follow-up (p<0.001). A twofold increase in allergen sensitization was also observed after one year in Israel, particularly for dust mites, grasses and olive tree (p<0.001). These results show that: a) Helminth infection is significantly associated with low allergy and low SPT reactivity; b) One year after immigration to Israel, allergy and SPT reactivity increased significantly in all immigrants; c) Higher increases in positive SPT and allergy were observed after a year in the group that remained infected with helminths, even though they had a lowered helminth load; d) The reasons for the increased allergy one year after immigration needs further investigation but probably reflects the combined influence of the decreased helminth load and novel environmental factors.

Budget Enforcement Mechanisms

In the state of Illinois, fiscal conditions are so bad that solutions require a grand with multiple revenue increases, multiple spending cuts, and multiple years of adjustment. The problem is that a credible plan requires a mechanism for holding to the plan other interests and elected officials in future years. This leads us to examine the literature on the effectiveness of various types of budget enforcement mechanisms.

Overseas Filipino workers in conflict zones: narratives of Filipino nurses in Libya

This paper examines the risk perception of Filipino nurses who worked in Libya during the height of post-2011 crisis. The narratives reveal that Filipino nurses took advantage of the massive hiring campaign organized by Libya’s Ministry of Health in 2012, hoping that their migration experiences would result in economic and social rewards as they established their careers in the healthcare industry. After 2 years of adjustment to the conflict-ridden environment, they found themselves situated in another episode of civil war, once again defying the Philippine government’s mandatory repatriation program. Guided by Carretero’s (Risk-taking in unauthorised migration, 2008) thesis, we observed the mechanism of defiance that entails risk-taking as the political crisis loomed. Filipino nurses, especially those who initially refused to leave Libya, embraced an “illusion of control” that eventually reinforced an “unrealistic optimism.” These risk-minimizing strategies have successfully undermined the protective powers of the state. The paper argues that Filipino migrants in crisis zones like Libya undertake risk calculation and reduction, albeit with a tendency to commit risk denial and a false sense of empowerment and exceptionality. In the end, however, it is emphasized that these mechanisms have limitations, depending on the experiences, timing, and risk interpretation of the migrants.

WTO, 20 Years in the Service of the World Economy

The year 2015 is not just a new number in the calendar; this year is very significant anniversary for existence and successfully functioning of the largest organization that has the largest responsibility for continuous world trade and keeping the stability of the world trading system. This year the World Trade Organization (WTO) celebrates 20 years of successfully regulating the world trade flows, 20 years of successfully adjustment and harmonization of economic and trade policies of the member countries and 20 years of adjustment and satisfying the interests of all countries in the world regardless their level of development, aiming to achieve the Millennium Goals. The set-outs of the institutionalization of the world trading system were not simple at all and they have started many years ago before the official establishment of the WTO. In those years also, the main goal was establishing a system that will put under control and regulate the international trade and the protection measures that were used in the same. The process of establishing the present system of rules, regulations, provisions and agreements for regulating the world trading system was getting across several stages, from which the last and actual now is still not finished. The ongoing Dora Round of negotiations hopefully will end this year with a successful decisions form which especially will benefit the Developing countries. In this respect, ministers from every WTO member finally took a major step in updating multilateral rules by unanimously agreeing to the so-called Bali Package. The 10 decisions which make up the package have economic significance by themselves, particularly for developing countries, but together they also opened a new chapter for multilateral trade negotiations. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2p527

Impacts of regional mixing on the temperature structure of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Part 2: Depth-dependent vertical diffusion

In this study, we use an ocean model to explore how vertical mixing influences temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Our approach is to change the background diffusion coefficient from a constant value κb to κb+δκ(z) in various subregions of the tropical Pacific, and then to determine the resulting temperature changes in the near-equilibrium response. In a companion paper (Furue et al., 2015), we consider the impacts of depth-independent κb anomalies. Here, we examine the impacts of depth-dependent anomalies that are confined above, or centered on, the mid-depth of the pycnocline.During the first year of adjustment, solutions develop a local temperature response that results largely from the one-dimensional balance δTt=(δκTz)z=δκzTz+δκTzz, with a similar equation for salinity. At this stage, δκ generates temperature and salinity anomalies that are either associated with a density change (dynamical anomalies) or without one (spiciness anomalies). Subsequently, dynamical and spiciness anomalies spread to remote regions by wave radiation and advection, respectively.For positive δκ anomalies confined above the mid-pycnocline, δκzTz tends to produce positive temperature anomalies, which spread to the equator dynamically (by wave radiation) and are still apparent in near-equilibrium solutions. For δκ anomalies confined within the pycnocline (with monopole, dipole, and tripole profiles), the response is dominated by δκzTz, owing to δκ having a smaller vertical scale than T and to the depth range where δκ is large not overlapping well with that where ∣Tzz∣ is; the resulting temperature anomalies tend to shift the pycnocline vertically (dipole profile) or to alter its thickness (monopole and tripole profiles).Positive anomalies from all subregions contribute to an increase of near-surface(upper50m) temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific, the amplitude and location of the warming depending on the depth range of the warming band generated within the locally forced subregion.

Controlled vestibular stimulation: a physiological method of stress relief.

Stress is the generalized, non specific response of the body to any factor that overwhelms or threatens to overwhelm, the body’s compensatory abilities to maintain homeostasis. High levels of stress in college students is hazardous as it not only effect their academic performance but also affect their health conditions. For many young adults, college is the best time of life. These critical years of adjustment can also be undermined by depression, anxiety, substance abuse and eating disorders. Researchers are finding that many mental illnesses are traced to trauma, whose damage surfaces in times of stress and change, such as the college years [1]. March is the year's most dreaded month for Indian students: it's exam time and the pressure to excel can be destructive. In recent years, it happens sometimes that college students suffer from physical or mental illness, which even leads to temporary absence from school or even suicide [2]. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, 5,857 Indian students attempted suicide due to exam stress in 2006 [3]. Physiological studies have shown that stress from any source can influence endocrine, haemopoietic and immune systems [4]. High level of stress may have adverse effect on academic achievement. Stress in students is also due to lack of guidance [5]. Adapting coping strategies that are beneficial during stressful experiences have to be encouraged. Coping is defined as the process of managing stressful demands and challenges that are appraised as exceeding the resources of the person [6]. Preventive measures can be aimed at preventing the consequences. The vestibular system remains enigmatic among the human senses. It responds to the position of the head in relation to vestibular motion, specifically, gravity and accelerated or decelerated motion. Research has shown many benefits from vestibular stimulation including decreased self stimulation, decreased hypersensitivity, increased postural security, increased concentration and attentiveness, increased balance, increased body awareness, calming effects, reduction of abnormal muscle tone at slow speeds and increased alertness at high speeds [7]. Stimulating vestibular system by controlling direction, duration, frequency and intensity. Ideal direction, duration, frequency and intensity are yet to be determined. Hammam E et al., suggested that low frequency stimulation is benefitial. [8] Winter et al., reported that they have observed decrease in salivary cortisol in volunteers who subjected to front to back motion on a hexapod [9]. vestibular under stimulation, does not have any effect or mild effect and over stimulation causes nausea, vomiting and radical fluctuations in pulse and respiration [7]. It was reported that controlled vestibular stimulation provides more soothing effects [10]. In the present case we have applied controlled vestibular stimulation for the first time to reduce stress in college student.

Nurturing hope in refugee children during early years of post-war adjustment

Resettlement countries have begun to recognize the need for more services aimed at assisting children and families from known areas of conflict and with histories of trauma and loss. Despite this awareness, there is a dearth of literature that explores the experiences and practice of front-line service providers. In this qualitative case study, 12 staff of a psychosocial early intervention program for refugee children shared their observations of children's experiences during early years of adjustment in a resettlement country. The study focused on perceptions of hope, experiences that engendered and hindered hope in the children, and ways in which staff viewed their own work in nurturing hope. Thematic analysis interviews uncovered three main themes: (1) Hope is like a seed, (2) Invisible seeds: Some challenges that hinder hope, and (3) Visible seeds: Some experiences engender hope. Results highlight the range of challenges encountered by refugee children and families in post-migration contexts, the importance of hopeful orientations for service providers working with children with known histories of trauma, and how hope is nurtured in the context of caring relationships.

Table of Contents

Abstract Nonprofits, businesses rally for Haiti relief efforts Fundraisers converge for annual conference Strategy Out with the old, in with the new: Nonprofits face the ‘new normal’ Finance Nonprofit execs can't afford to be non‐financial managers Research Step out of your comfort zone: Use research to improve communication, engagement Robust research keeps constituents connected Technology Strategic alignment, fresh content boosts blog impact and adds value for stakeholders Corporate Giving Climate‐change programs see increase in foundation support Philanthropy Irvine Foundation helps nonprofits weather economic storm Ford Foundation fights homelessness Reynolds Foundation supports journalism training Employment Law Quick Looks Special Tax Report 2009 a year of adjustment

The Retreat of the Upper and Middle Classes to Gated Communities in the Poststructural Adjustment Era: The Case of Trinidad

The emergence of gated communities of the upper-income and middle-income classes can be directly traced to the failure of governments to close the growing divide between rich and poor and to solve the accompanying wave of crime and fear of violence. It is also a result of an abandonment of faith in governments' capacities to deliver and maintain infrastructure and civic services. State failure has influenced people's decisions to encircle their living space, defend it, and to service their needs autonomously like citizens of the ancient walled cities. The trend toward social exclusion and spatial segregation is characteristic of these modern ministates, which poses planning, policy, and administrative questions for decisionmakers. In this paper I first set out to understand the emergence of gated communities as a global phenomenon, but particularly in the Latin American and Caribbean context. Secondly, I seek to examine the retreat of the upper and middle classes to gated communities in the poststructural adjustment years, using Trinidad as a case study. Finally, I put forward conclusions and policy prescriptions of relevance to cities in addressing the emerging issues.