Year Olds In Schools Research Articles

Student's perception of school bullying and its impact on academic performance: A longitudinal look.

Bullying among peers has immediate and long-term consequences, as it affects children's health-related quality of life. The aim was to examine the association between the frequency, type and dynamics of children's involvement in bullying situations and their academic performance over the school year. Longitudinal study conducted in 2015 in 9 to 12 year-olds in schools of Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Outcome measures: children's involvement in bullying situations, frequency of participation in bullying and academic performance. Bullying categories were obtained through the Preconceptions of Bullying and Intimidation Among Peers (PRECONCIMEI) questionnaire and academic performance as reflected by each child's school grades. The survey included 375 children, of which 22.1% (83/375) were repeatedly involved and 30.12% (113/375) were occasionally involved in bullying situations (20.27% [76/375] reported having participated by the year end but not at the beginning, and 9.85% [37/375] showed the opposite behavior). No statistically significant differences were found, regardless of the course subject analyzed. Grades were found to have improved by school year-end, in all groups assessed. No association was found between bullying and academic performance.

English

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Tobacco use among school children is becoming a serious problem in developing countries. The early age of initiation underscores the urgent need to intervene and protect this vulnerable group from falling prey to this addiction. The present study was thus undertaken to estimate the prevalence, pattern and correlates of tobacco use amongst the 10-16 year olds in schools of rural area Bhopal. METHODS: Data on tobacco use were collected from 960 students of class 7 to 12 (age: 10-16 yrs) studying in rural blocks of Bhopal city during June 2011 to August 2012, through PPS and random sampling using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Point prevalence of ever user of tobacco' amongst '10-16 year old was 8.7 %. Almost half of current tobacco users (48.8%) purchased tobacco product in a store and most of them (23.2%) used it at home. Nearly half of the never smokers (54%) were exposed to tobacco smoke outside home and 90 % favored a ban on smoking in public places. A male tobacco user was perceived to have more friends and was reported to make them look attractive. Print media was a predominant source of message. Only one-third (33.6%) reported that the reasons of tobacco usage amongst youth was discussed in formal school settings. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of tobacco use among the adolescents. The focus in schools should be to make them tobacco-free. The school authorities should be included in stricter implementation and monitoring of the implementation of legislation.

Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in adolescent smoking: A multilevel cross-sectional study of 15 year olds in Scotland

The objective of the study was to present socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in adolescent smoking in Scotland. The international literature suggests there is no obvious pattern in the geography of adolescent smoking, with rural areas having a higher prevalence than urban areas in some countries, and a lower prevalence in others. These differences are most likely due to substantive differences in rurality between countries in terms of their social, built and cultural geography. Previous studies in the UK have shown an association between lower socioeconomic status and smoking. The Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study surveyed 15 year olds in schools across Scotland between March and June of 2010. We ran multilevel logistic regressions using Markov chain Monte Carlo method and adjusting for age, school type, family affluence, area level deprivation and rurality. We imputed missing rurality and deprivation data using multivariate imputation by chained equations, and re-analysed the data (N = 3577), comparing findings. Among boys, smoking was associated only with area-level deprivation. This relationship appeared to have a quadratic S-shape, with those living in the second most deprived quintile having highest odds of smoking. Among girls, however, odds of smoking increased with deprivation at individual and area-level, with an approximate dose–response relationship for both. Odds of smoking were higher for girls living in remote and rural parts of Scotland than for those living in urban areas. Schools in rural areas were no more or less homogenous than schools in urban areas in terms of smoking prevalence. We discuss possible social and cultural explanations for the high prevalence of boys' and girls' smoking in low SES neighbourhoods and of girls' smoking in rural areas. We consider possible differences in the impact of recent tobacco policy changes, primary socialization, access and availability, retail outlet density and the home environment.

The vocational curriculum in the lower secondary school: material and discursive practices

The rationale for the study is to enhance our understanding of how young people learn and engage with vocational subjects within the lower secondary years of compulsory education. The concept of pre‐vocational education has recently emerged to describe the initial transitional phase of preparing young people for employment in specific occupational areas in the UK. Although there has been extensive research undertaken in work‐based apprenticeship learning, very little research has emerged in pre‐vocational education among 14–16 year olds in schools. The research undertakes such an enquiry based upon a case study of North Lanarkshire secondary schools. This local authority has been selected as it has one of the highest rates of young people participating in pre‐vocational education in secondary education and has been identified by a recent OECD report as a potential exemplar of best practice in this field. However, concerns remain regarding how to integrate the pre‐vocational curriculum with the academic curriculum, whether pre‐vocational courses can engage high achievers and, more specifically, how effectively the subject is taught within schools.

Implementing a new science National Curriculum for England: how trainee teachers see the How Science Works strand in schools

This article reports empirical work conducted by three university teacher education providers into how a major revision of the science curriculum in England, the How Science Works strand, has been translated into practice for 14–16 year olds in schools. Data were collected from pre‐service teachers about their understanding, experiences, perceived challenges and resourcing of How Science Works during their final school experience. The results indicate that implementation of How Science Works in schools lies on a spectrum between two extremes referred to as creative implementation and restricted implementation; a recognition that success with this new approach requires a fuller engagement in higher order thinking skills; and that the importance of differentiation is paramount if all pupils are to connect with the new curriculum. The article concludes that support is needed for major transitions in pedagogy with both serving and trainee teachers. This needs to start with teacher education and encompass teacher development, with greater involvement both in school and university programmes.

Tobacco use amongst children in Karnataka

To estimate the prevalence, pattern and correlates of tobacco use amongst the 13-15 year olds in schools of Karnataka. A three stage (area, school level and class level) cluster sample design was adopted and 80 schools from 12 districts of the state were selected. A total of 4,110 students participated in the study with an overall response rate of 87%. Point prevalence of tobacco use amongst 13-15 year old was 4.9%. Current tobacco use was predominantly a male feature and use of smokeless variety predominated (transitional Karnataka (8.2%); metropolis (6.8%); rural (3.4%). One third of current tobacco users (30.8%) purchased tobacco product in a store and one-fifth used it at home. Nearly half of the never smokers (43% to 56.7%) were exposed to tobacco smoke outside home and 83% favored a ban on smoking in public places. A male tobacco user was perceived to have more friends and was reported to make them look attractive. Print media was a predominant source of message, more so in the metropolitan region. Only one-third (31.6%) reported that the reasons of tobacco usage amongst youth was discussed in formal school settings. GYTS Karnataka has provided reliable estimates and shown the feasibility of implementing a surveillance programme. Specific challenges for Public health that emerge from the study are increasing number of users in transitional areas, continued media exposure, tobacco users being perceived to be popular and attractive, easy and relatively unrestricted access, lack of systematic support within schools and social acceptance of tobacco use at home. The need of the hour is to target and focus interventions through comprehensive programmes aimed at children, school authorities, parents and policy makers.

The influence of researcher-teacher collaboration on the effectiveness of the early learning of four year olds in schools in England

SUMMARY This paper explores the potential for enhancing the effectiveness of the early learning experiences of young children, as a consequence of a genuine collaboration between researchers and teachers. The content extends from an eighteen month fieldwork period. This involved a critical analysis and evaluation of the relationship between four year old children and teachers in effective early learning. The study took place in Birmingham, UK. where all children are admitted to school at four years old. The fieldwork was compiled from two independent yet interdependent components. •Empirical research (January 1995 – July 1995) •Action research (September 1995 – July 1996) Analysis of the empirical research (Mould, 1995) provided an essential foundation for the collaborative action research period. The nature of the sequential study provides the main focus for this paper. The study has illustrated the productive role of the researcher — teacher relationship in enhancing the effectiveness of the early learning and emotional well-being of young children. Results imply that the positive result of this development was dependent on the enhanced learning and well-being expressed by the teachers and researcher. Interim analysis indicates that those teachers who strive toward their optimum levels of ‘learning and well-being’ are in the most appropriate position to provide children with the ‘the best possible’ experiences.

Social and economic indicators of well-being among hemophiliacs over a 5-year period

The psychosocial characteristics of a 1983 population of hemophiliacs were described and compared to the 1978 patient population from the same hemophilia center to document any improvements that newer medical treatment and social programming were expected to bring and to compare the 1983 population of hemophiliacs to the general population. Findings included a reduction in the use of pain medication, an increase in the number of 18–35 year olds in school, and a decrease in the proportion of unemployed to employed workers. This updated profile will be helpful for professionals who are planning comprehensive programs for hemophiliacs, including those who have tested seropositive for AIDS.