Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Research Articles

Shaman Tambourines of the Northern Ob Ugrians (18th to Early 21st Centuries)

Shaman tambourines of the northern Khanty and Mansi (18th to early 21st centuries) are described. Sources include publications by other specialists and the author’s fi eld materials collected in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A shaman performing rites with a tambourine is called koipyng-nyait. The process of making a tambourine is described. Information on 44 tambourines is summarized in a table with reference to shape, number of resonators, etc. The few available descriptions of rites are provided. A separate section concerns anthropomorphic images of patron spirits, carved on handles and beaters or represented as figurines inserted in tambourines. The Lyapin Mansi practiced a custom of providing tambourines with figurines of guards, koipyng-pupyg. Traditionally, after the tambourine’s owner had died, the tambourine became a family patron spirit, whose image was supplied with specially sewn men’s clothes. In my view, the northern Ob Ugrian shamanism was underdeveloped, as evidenced by the shaman’s limited functions, absence of special attire, etc. The shamanic paraphernalia used by Khanty and Mansi are much scarcer than those associated with the cult of Mir-Susne-Khum. The main distribution areas of tambourines in the 20th to early 21st centuries are the basins of the Lyapin River (Mansi) and the Synya River (Khanty). Both belonged to the territory that, in the 18th–19th centuries, was the contact zone between Ob Ugrians and Nenets.

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Canton): Ethno- Projections and Ethnicity of the Region within the Framework of the Russian Model of Federalism

The article concerns the analysis of the author’s field research in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) in 2021-2022. Based on the results of a mass survey of the population, recorded interviews and a focus group, various aspects of the ethnicity of the region and the role of the ethnic factor in the cultural and political space of the region are considered. The available information allows us to conclude that today one of the most visible and successful models of regional identity based on the culture of the peoples of the North has been formed in Yamal. However, the changed demographic appearance of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the problems of preserving the culture of the peoples of the North, internal contradictions in the social movement may in the future raise the question of the appropriateness of the chosen model. But its revision is impossible, since orientation to the culture of the peoples of the North is the foundation for the existence of autonomy.

The Influence of the Regional Maternity Capital Program on Fertility (Case of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug)

Since 2011 Russian regions began to develop their own maternity capital programs. Initially their funding was small, but gradually some regions significantly modernized their programs, expanding the categories of participants and significantly increasing payments. In particular, in the fall of 2019, the government of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) announced a significant expansion of their regional program. The aim of this study is to test whether the positive birth rate dynamics in the YNAO compared to other regions was associated with the introduction of a relatively more generous maternity capital program. It is particularly noteworthy that the effects of updating the regional maternity capital program were observed in the context of a steady decline in fertility in Russia against the backdrop of growing socio-economic uncertainty, as well as stagnation and decline in real incomes of the population. To identify the direct effect of the regional maternity capital program, a discontinuity regression method was applied to individual data on fertility in the YNAO in 2015–2022. In addition to total fertility, models for different birth orders (for the first, second, third, and fourth and subsequent children) were considered. According to our estimates, the change in the total fertility rate (TFR) for all births amounted to 0.15. No effect was found for the first births, the growth of TFR for the second births amounted to 0.12, for the third births — 0.08. The observed changes were primarily related to the urban population’s fertility. Thus, we conclude that the modernization of the maternity capital program in the YNAO made it possible to slow down at the regional level the negative dynamics of fertility observed at the national level.

Features of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Residing in the Far North

Aim: To evaluate the features of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients in the Far North and determination of the potential impact of extreme climatic factors on the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Material and Methods. Using the “Register of performed coronary angiography operations”, 5,679 patients with coronary artery disease were selected, who underwent coronary angiography at the Tyumen Cardiology Research Center. The main study group consisted of 2,590 patients permanently residing in the YamaloNenets Autonomous Okrug and 3,089 patients residing in the South of the Tyumen Region. Results. Patients with permanent residence in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were on average younger (53.20 ± 7.49 versus 56.79 ± 8.34 years, p < 0.001), men were more common among them. In the extreme North there were more smokers (40.7 vs. 32.0%, p < 0.001) and alcohol users (19.7 vs.15.0%, p < 0.001), and more frequent myocardial infarction in anamnesis (57.1 vs. 48.2%, p < 0.001). At the same time, in patients permanently residing in the South of the Tyumen Region, a burdened hereditary history of CAD was more often determined, and the frequency of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia was higher. In groups balanced by baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, including CAD risk factors, patients from the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug had more frequent lesions of the three main coronary arteries: anterior descending artery (42 vs. 35%, p < 0.001), circumflex artery (25 vs. 23%, p = 0.038) and right coronary artery (42 vs. 38%, p = 0.007). It should be noted that in balanced groups in patients permanently residing in the Far North, occlusive lesions of the coronary arteries were statistically significantly more likely to be determined (54 vs. 47%, p < 0.001). Also, between the compared groups, statistically significant differences were found in the type of left ventricle (LV) myocardial remodeling, but these differences were not determined in the balanced groups. Also, in the group of patients permanently residing in the Far North, there was a trend towards a decrease in the LV ejection fraction (53.6 ± 8.6% vs. 54.2 ± 8.7, p = 0.074).Conclusion. In patients with verified coronary artery disease living in the Far North, a more frequent and pronounced atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary bed is determined. These pathological changes are probably due to the complex impact of unfavorable natural and climatic environmental factors.

Российская Арктика-2035: полимасштабный прогноз

The subject of the study is the forecast of the development of the Arctic territories of Russia at the zonal, regional and municipal levels based on the concept of technical and economic (structural) dynamics of N. Kondratiev – S. Glazyev – С. Peres. The object of study is the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to describe the technical and economic dynamics of the Arctic territories until 2035. This goal determined the solution of three tasks: 1) identifying the features of new resource development of the Russian Arctic based on the mineral resources and fuel and energy potential of the Arctic territories of Russia; 2) justification of the current situation in the regions of the Russian Arctic, such as the dynamics of technological structures and calculated positions on the volume of GRP in 2035; 3) compiling a list of Arctic municipalities (49) with limited delivery times for cargo and their typology based on the speed of technical and economic dynamics. Results of the study: I. The resource potential of the Russian Arctic from the point of view of technological structures can be strengthened through the commissioning of deposits of graphite, antimony, and bauxite, the global demand for which is characterized by favorable conditions in the forecast period; II. The regions of the Russian Arctic are differentiated based on the analysis of greenfield projects carried out during the forecast period into three groups of technological renewal: a) maximum; b) partial; c) minimal. The forecast of the GRP of the Arctic territories based on resource production indicators in 2035 determined their rank: 1) Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug; 2) Murmansk region; 3-4) Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Arctic of the Krasnoyarsk Territory; 5) Arctic of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); 6) Arctic of the Komi Republic; 7) Chukotka Autonomous Okrug; 8) Arctic of the Arkhangelsk region; 9) Arctic of the Republic of Karelia. III. Arctic municipalities with limited delivery times are separated into four groups from the point of view of the prospects for the formation of a new technological structure based on new projects: 1) maximum potential (12); 2) average potential (9); 3) without new mining projects, but with prospects for completing the development of previously started ones and technological modernization of old projects (12); 4) without prospects for the deployment of new projects for the development of non-renewable resources, but with prospects for the development of biological resources (16). Possible application of the results can be documents of strategic planning of the Russian Arctic at the zonal, regional and municipal levels.

Моделирование ценности ландшафтов Полярного Урала для летних стоянок оленеводов

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to assess the capacity of the Polar Urals eastern macroslope geosystems (the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) to be used as summer camps for reindeer herders. To do that, a set of tools for geoprocessing of spatial data, including remote sensing data were employed. Materials and methods. The algorithm for modeling the site suitability for reindeer herder camps consisted of several stages: formulation of criteria significant for the camp placement; the transformation (formalization) of each criterion values to the unified scale of suitability; the comparison of criteria and their combining to built a suitability map; the preparation of a digital elevation model (DEM); the preparation of a land cover map based on remote sensing data and field descriptions; the construction of partial (factorial) maps of suitability for reindeer herder camps locations; the construction of a resulting map of suitability for reindeer herder camps location based on a combination of private (factor) maps; the model reliability verification through the comparison of simulation results with actual data on the camps location. In the developed model, we accepted three significant criteria identified from the interviewing of reindeer herders during field studies: a surface slope, a distance to watercourses, and a proximity to forest areas. For the first two criteria, a binary assessment-based scale with two possible options (“suitable” and “unsuitable”) was used. For the third criterion (forest proximity), we applied the fuzzy set function MSSmall. In this case, the related transformation resizes the input data by means of the mean and standard deviation where smaller values in the input raster have a higher preference. Results. In the Polar Urals, the optimal conditions for reindeer herder camps are formed in wide glacial valleys and due to a combination of favorable relief conditions with the presence of numerous water bodies, spread of larch small woods and alder forests. The simulation results are well-supported by the actual data. Suggestions for practical application and direction of future research. The logical structure of the developed model may serve as a basis for repeated step-by-step analysis via original variables replacement. This could be an expansion/replacement of the study area, a time interval extension, an introduction of a number of clarifying criteria, an empirical selection of limiting parameters, the criteria used based on a more in-depth sociological and geographical analysis.

Повышение биопотенциала молоди муксуна Coregonus muksun сверхслабыми импульсными магнитными полями в условиях рыбоводного хозяйства

The results of a production experiment with juvenile muksun carried out at the Sob fish hatchery (Kharp village, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) are presented. The purpose of the experiment, as an important element in the compensatory measure for the reproduction of valuable fish species, was to increase the biopotential of juveniles for their release into the Ob. For several days before hatching, the embryos were treated with ultra-weak pulsed magnetic fields in a specific frequency range. In the postembryonic period, control and experimental muksun juveniles were studied using morphometric and cytological-histological methods. It was established that the experimental juveniles during the entire growing period exceeded the control ones in most parameters, and before release into the Ob River for feeding, the weight of the experimental muksun fry significantly exceeded the weight of the control juveniles. When assessing the nature and degree of connection between morphometric parameters using cluster analysis, it was shown that by the time the experiment was completed, a higher correlation between traits was observed in the experimental juveniles, which is additional confirmation of its increased balance in the development process. The level of formation of the gonads of the reproductive system in the experimental individuals also exceeded the development of the gonads of the control ones - in terms of size and rate of sexual differentiation, number and cytometric indicators of germ cells. The data obtained allow us to consider it advisable to apply this approach in the practice of compensatory fish farming.

Hybrid model combining LSTM with discrete wavelet transformation to predict surface methane concentration in the Arctic Island Belyy

In this paper, we propose a hybrid model that combines wavelet transformation of the raw data and an artificial neural network with long short-term memory (LSTM). This model allows researchers to increase the accuracy of time series forecasting.The model is based on data from environmental monitoring of greenhouse gases on the Belyy Island of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia.The raw data for building the proposed model were obtained in July–August 2016. The CH4 concentration time series was decomposed using a discrete wavelet transform into four components - one approximating and three detailing. These components, along with a timed temperature series, were used to train six ANNs—two exogenous input autoregressive networks (NAR) and four LSTM networks. The forecast was calculated as the sum of forecasts for each of the components. Forecast accuracy was assessed using several indices (mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean square relative error (RMSRE), Willmott's agreement index (IA1, IA2)) and a Taylor diagram. The hybrid model based on LSTM showed the best accuracy. The hybrid model based on LSTM showed the best accuracy. MAE, RMSE, and RMSRE errors decreased by more than 70%. In terms of IA1 and IA2, the models improved by 11% and 30% (when comparing the best hybrid models LSTM and NAR. For the hybrid LSTM model errors RMSE, RMSRE, and MAE are more than 20% less than for the base LSTM model for training in which data without wavelet transform were used. Willmott agreement indices (IA1, IA2) rose from 32% to 59%, depending on the models being compared. So, the increase in accuracy after applying the described approach was up to 79% for models based on LSTM (more precisely, from 20% to 79%, depending on the indicator). Applying wavelet transform data to train the NAR-based model reduced MAE, RMSE, and RMSRE errors by 27%, 30%, and 31%, respectively. The Willmott agreement indices (IA1, IA2) rose from 41% to 45% respectively. The Taylor diagram also shows the advantage of the proposed approach.

Improving the quality of the forecast through methods of combining forecasts

Subject of research: The article is devoted to the comparison of forecasting methods and methods of combining forecasts when forecasting average monthly wages for some regions of the Russian Federation for the period from January 2013 to July 2022.
 Purpose of the study: To test the hypothesis of improving forecast quality through forecast pooling methods.
 Methods and objects of research: Time series of average monthly wages in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Sverdlovsk region are used to compare forecasting methods and methods of combining forecasts. The paper considers forecasting methods: TBATS, ARIMA, exponential smoothing, ETS, Theta, STL, polynomial regression and the approach in combining forecasts by the Granger-Ramanathan method.
 Main results of research: The paper presents the results of comparison of forecasting methods and approach in combining forecasts by Granger-Ramanathan method. Time series of average monthly wages were taken from statistical collections of Rosstat. The forecast horizon was set at 12, 18 and 24 points. The Granger-Ramanathan method showed that in most cases it is possible to improve the quality of the forecast by combining private forecasts.

Разработка программного модуля для оценки пространственного развития территории субъекта Российской Федерации

The article deals with the problem of assessing the spatial development of a complex entity. To solve the problem, the authors proposed the development of a software module using MapBasic for GIS MapInfo, which greatly simplifies and systematizes the user`s work to form an initial database of the territory spatial development indicators. The accumulated and systematized data form them, and they enable clear demonstrating the results of correlation analysis for the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, HMAO and the South of the Tyumen Oblast, RF. The program module implements the formation of the current indicator’s evaluation model and the forecast of the settlement lands cadastral value’s specific indicator based on multilevel filtering of selected pairs of indicators. The authors note the possibility of integrating the developed module into the existing domestic software of geoinformation systems for the convenience of reorienting projects from one software to another

Кочевое образование в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе: проблемы и потенциал

In the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the project “Nomad Education” has been implemented since 2010, aimed at solving the issues of accessibility of education for children of tundra people in the conditions of family, industrial nomadic camps. For 10 years, the attitude towards nomadic education has changed dramatically, in connection with which the paper presents an analysis of the effectiveness of nomadic education in teaching children of indigenous peoples in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug based on a study of the opinions of the nomadic population. This information can be the impetus for the improving the quality of education in nomadic areas. The purpose of the publication is to identify the problematic issues of nomadic education and determine the prospects for the project. The study involved 622 respondents from the indigenous population in 7 municipalities (districts) of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11 software packages. The results of a survey of the nomadic population on the effectiveness of teaching children in the system of nomadic education are presented. Nomadic education was assessed, risks and potential were identified. The most active supporters of nomadic education were reindeer herders, which is primarily due to the specifics of their nomadic life. Among the main factors affecting the quality of learning of children of the nomadic population, there is a shortage of qualified teachers who speak their native languages and are willing to work in the extreme conditions of nomadic life. Research materials can be useful to methodologists and teachers implementing the project “Nomadic Education” both in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and in other territories of the Russian Arctic.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ 9-ЛЕТНЕЙ ДИНАМИКИ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОГО СТАТУСА ЖИТЕЛЕЙ АРКТИЧЕСКИХ И ЮЖНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ТЮМЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Introduction. Studies show that coronary atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in the Arctic and Subarctic regions have their own characteristics and need to be further studied. Aim. To conduct a comparative prospective analysis of clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic and coronary angiography data in middle-aged residents of the Arctic regions compared with residents of the south of Tyumen region. Material and methods. From the Coronary Angiography Registry we selected 229 patients of mean age 45-59 years who underwent coronary angiography more than once between 2000 and 2021. The average interval between the 1st and 2nd survey points was 9.0±3.4 years. Patients who underwent coronary angiography to verify the diagnosis, patients with stable coronary artery disease and old myocardial infarction were included. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome were not included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 85 residents of Tyumen and the south of Tyumen region and 144 residents of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Differences between groups and dynamics of the studied parameters were assessed using the application package IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Results and discussion. The groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. Initially, cardiovascular status was more severe in Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug group of patients: more severe (II and III) functional classes of exertional angina and a history of myocardial infarction, hemodynamically significant coronary lesions, including coronary artery occlusion, were more common. In Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug group, the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was initially lower. During the follow-up period, obesity and echo-signs of post-infarction changes were detected in patients of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug more often, higher asynergy index and triglyceride levels were recorded. Intergroup differences in the incidence of myocardial infarction and occlusive lesions and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels persisted. Conclusion. During 9-year follow-up, middle-aged patients who underwent elective coronary angiography and lived in the Arctic zone had more severe baseline indicators of cardiovascular status, as well as their more significant negative dynamics compared to patients lived in the south of Tyumen region.

Relationship between Dehydroepiandrosterone-Sulfate, Testosterone, Thyroid Hormones, Insulin and Cortisol in Indigenous Men and Women among Representatives of the Indigenous and Newcomer Population of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Using Spearman’s rank correlation we studied the correlations between the serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) concenttration and the concentration of testosterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, insulin and cortisol in the indigenous and alien populationof the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A positive correlation was found between the DHEA-S concenttration and testosterone in indigenous women and newcomers. A stronger correlation was found in the group of newcomer women. In indigenous men, DHEA-S was positively correlated with cortisol. The newcomer men showed a positive correlation between DHEA-S and thyroid-stimulating hormone. No correlations were found between the concenttration of DHEA-S with insulin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in any of the examined groups.

Флористический состав голоценовых торфяников Пур-Тазовского междуречья севера Западной Сибири

The species distribution of plants, phytocenoses, and biotopes in the peatlands of the southern tundra is necessary for the reconstruction of natural landscapes and ecological conditions in the Holocene. Changes in the floristic composition, degree of decomposition, ash content, and radiocarbon age of peat have been determined in the peat bogs of the Tazovsky district of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It has been established that the diversity of vegetation during the period of peat formation depended both on global climatic fluctuations in the Holocene and on local environmental conditions that determine the type of plant nutrition in khasyreys - their hypsometric position, watering and dryness. Keywords: PEAT, FLORISTIC COMPOSITION, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, HOLOCENE, WESTERN SIBERIA

Osteopathic status in people who have had a new coronavirus infection, 3–6 months after the disease

Introduction. According to Russian and foreign studies, the frequency of clinical manifestations that are character for post-COVID syndrome continues to grow in people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection. In this regard, an urgent task is to increase the volume of available treatment methods, including non-drug ones, and their reasonable inclusion in medical rehabilitation.The aim of the study was to assess the osteopathic status and complaints in people who had a new coronavirus infection 3-6 months after the disease and their changes after osteopathic correction.Materials and methods. In the period from May 2020 to September 2021, a prospective study was carried out at the bases of the medical part of the rotational camp of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and ANO «Tyumen Institute of Manual Medicine», Clinic of Family Osteopathy of Doctor Aptekar′. The work is based on the results of osteopathic correction of 218 patients aged 27–54 years (average age — 42,3±3,2 years) who had a new coronavirus infection 3–6 months before the start of the study and who have clinical symptoms that are character for post-COVID syndrome. All patients underwent an assessment of osteopathic status, and there was an analysis of medical records.Results. During the process of osteopathic diagnosis in the examined group, prior to treatment, there were revealed dominant somatic dysfunctions of the regions of the head, thoracic and lumbar. The following most significant local disorders were diagnosed in regional somatic dysfunctions: compression of sphenobasilar synchondrosis (29,8 %), somatic dysfunction of the dura mater of the Brain sag type (25,2 %), somatic dysfunctions of the abdominal (6,9 %) and pelvic (6 %) diaphragms, sigmoid colon (6,9 %) and pericardial ligaments (15,1 %). At the same time, patients had complaints indicating a violation of cognitive functions, disorders of the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory systems and the musculoskeletal system. After the completion of osteopathic correction, the detection frequency of the above dysfunctions decreased statistically significantly (p≤0.05), and there was obtained a statistically significant (p≤0,05) positive dynamics in complaints. Positive dynamics persisted 3 months after the completion of the osteopathic correction course.Conclusion. This study made it possible to establish that in people who had a new coronavirus infection, in the period 3–6 months after the disease, the compression of sphenobasilar synchondrosis, somatic dysfunction of the dura mater (according to the Brain sag type), somatic dysfunction of the thoracic and pelvic diaphragms, sigmoid colon and pericardial ligaments were the most often detected. After the osteopathic correction, patients showed a statistically significant (p≤0,05) decrease of the detection frequency of these somatic dysfunctions, and a positive trend in complaints.

Some results of the research of mammals and birds inhabiting the Polar Ural Mountains foothills

This paper describes some results of the research of mammals and birds fauna and population structure as ecosystem condition indicators, and provides an investigation of flora and soil to establish habitats structural peculiarities. The research covered an area of a future road from Kharp Village through a ski resort to the Snowflake International Arctic Station (Priuralsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia). Our study aims at assessing the environmental impact of the project. In the areas typical habitats, we registered two small mammal species (Clethrionomys (= Myodes) rutilus, Sorex araneus), 25 bird species, traces of three medium and large mammal species presence (Lepus timidus, Vulpes vulpes, Rangifer tarandus). Micromammals show very low abundance, low indices of small mammal communities diversity and sustainability, Cl. rutilus being an absolute dominant. The bird species show a relatively low level of abundance. The composition and structure of animal and bird communities are in line with natural and climate conditions of the Polar Urals foothills. The investigation results revealed low resource capacity, sustainability and biotic communities vulnerability to any impact. The study materials suggest that the future road from Kharp Village to the Snowflake International Arctic Station will not significantly harm mammal and bird population of the area, and will provide facilities for recreational and tourist activities, and will mitigate risks of anthopogenic impact on these vulnerable ecosystems.

Fatty Acid Content of Four Salmonid Fish Consumed by Indigenous Peoples from the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Northwestern Siberia, Russia).

Simple SummaryFish is an important source of nutritious fatty acids, which are necessary for the prevention of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Many fish species are a major component of the human diet, especially for indigenous peoples from Siberia, Russia, but information about their fatty acid profiles is scarce. We studied the fatty acid content of four salmonid fish (Arctic cisco, least cisco, muksun, and Arctic charr) inhabiting water bodies of the Gydan Peninsula, Kara Sea basin. We found a high content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in local salmonid fishes. Arctic charr was the fish species with the highest concentration of fatty acids in the flesh. The results of our multivariate analysis may be useful for anglers, stakeholders, and local consumers.We assayed fatty acids in the flesh of Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis (adult and juvenile), least cisco Coregonus sardinella, muksun Coregonus muksun, and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus inhabiting water bodies of the Gydan Peninsula, Siberia, Russia. The highest concentrations of total and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found in Arctic charr (27.8 and 9.5 mg g−1) and adult Arctic cisco (20.2 and 7.6 mg g−1), while the lowest concentrations occurred in juvenile Arctic cisco (7.5 and 3.6 mg g−1). Multivariate analyses divided all studied fish into five distinct groups with the highest similarity between least cisco and muksun and the highest dissimilarity between juvenile Arctic cisco and Arctic charr. Coregonid fish from the study area had a higher content of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids than their conspecifics from subarctic and temperate habitats. The flesh of the studied fish is a source of a healthy diet for humans. Taking into account that all the studied fish are components of the traditional diet of indigenous peoples in northwestern Siberia, our data may be useful not only for local consumers and anglers but also for stakeholders focused on food policy and food security in the area.

Анализ перспективных направлений развития Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа в экономической системе Уральского федерального округа

The sustainable development of the national economy is mainly due to the balanced and steady development of its regions. The vast territory of Russia led to the formation of federal districts, which present a unity of the certain territories, on which relatively coordinated mechanisms of territorial development are formed, taking into account the socio-economic characteristics of the regions that are part of macroregions - federal districts. There arises an applied scientific interest in studying the general trends and strategic priorities for the development of a particular federal district, which influence the formation of development prospects for the subjects of the federation. The key socio-economic indicators of the development of the Ural Federal District have been analyzed, the structural and dynamic features of the regions included in its composition have been defined. The strategic priorities of the territorial development of the Ural Federal District are identified, which are detailed in the regional strategies for long-term socio-economic development. Based on the analysis of the territorial specifics of the socio-economic development of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, its significance in the development of the macroregion is determined, and the most acute problems of economic and social development are identified. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was assessed in three main areas (groups of factors): parameter “Person”, parameter “Economy”, parameter “Space”. MatFigs of the SWOT-analysis are illustrated for the priority areas under consideration, which present the factors, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the region. The priority areas for the development of the raw and non-resource sectors of the regional economy of the okrug were identified, strengthening its balanced and progressive development.

Strengthening Collaboration of the Indigenous Peoples in the Russian Arctic: Adaptation in the COVID-19 Pandemic Times

The article presents the challenges of the Indigenous peoples’ interplay with the key actors (Indigenous communities, Indigenous associations, regional governments, corporate businesses, and scientific institutions) in the Russian Arctic. Invoking actor–network theory offered knowledge to analyse how the effectiveness of this collaboration may lead to Indigenous peoples’ social adaptation in the COVID-19 times. It revealed the main problems increasing their vulnerability and making barriers to meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs). The primary sources included the data collected from expert interviews in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and the Murmansk region in 2020–2021. The main findings proved the gaps in the interplay of Indigenous peoples with key actors in the Russian Arctic due to insufficient interregional and international cooperation, indirect communication of governments with Indigenous peoples via Indigenous associations and communities focused mostly on supporting elites, and the lack of systematic feedback of all key actors. This collaboration must be focused on meeting SDGs and guaranteeing their economic, social, and cultural rights to maintain a traditional lifestyle and livelihoods, involving them in natural resource management, improving quality of life and well-being, increasing access to ethnocultural education, reducing inequality, and promoting Indigenous peoples’ self-government.

Formation and development of human capital of small towns in the Arctic in the sociological dimension

The article discusses the features of the formation and functioning of human capital based on the materials of sociological studies conducted by the authors in small towns of the Russian Arctic. Traditional sociological tools were used: mass surveys, focus groups, an in-depth survey of experts according to the developed author’s methods. As an opposition to the development of Arctic small towns, shift camps are considered, the functioning of which is currently complicated due to the pandemic and sanctions. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the situation associated with the formation of human capital in the aggregate of its three components (health capital, edu-cational and professional capital, cultural capital) in three regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (RF AZ): its European sector (the study was conducted in the Arkhangelsk region), West Siberian (Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) and East Siberian (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug). Judging by experts’ assessments, the least favorable situation for the preservation and enhancement of human capital is developing in the territories of the European sector of the RF AZ, the most favorable situation is in Yamal.