Yale Library Research Articles

“Quaint Chaos”: Aleksis and Tatiana Rannit at Yale, 1960-1989

ABSTRACT This essay describes the career of Aleksis Rannit (1914–1985), Yale Library’s first Curator of Slavic and East European Collections, and how Rannit’s curatorial style and aesthetic sensibilities shaped Yale’s collecting strengths in the field. It also discusses how his career was shaped by the library’s overall organization and strategic goals, as well as those of the university. Finally, it discusses Tatiana Fedorow Rannit (1919–2021), Rannit’s wife and the collection’s second curator, and how the role she played in the collection’s history is both revealed in and obscured by institutional records.

Impacts of COVID-19: Toward a Streaming-Preferred Video Collection Policy

The abrupt transition to fully remote instruction and work due to COVID-19 forced many academic libraries to strategically move to e-preferred acquisition models while also facing new budgetary and staffing constraints. This article traces the evolution of streaming video acquisitions at Yale Library, and the impact of COVID-19 on video collection development and funding, as well as the development of technical workflows for the acquisition, receipt, and management of streaming video. It also discusses lessons learned and opportunities for future growth including cross-departmental training and collaboration, routine usage assessment for budgeting and discoverability purposes, and development of a holistic video collection development policy.

Attack by a Turkey: Learning to Write History from Bernard Bailyn

Attack by a Turkey: Learning to Write History from Bernard Bailyn

Saving the Governor’s Bacon: Thomas L. Kane’s Political Defense of Alfred Cumming, 1859

Research Article| October 01 2021 Saving the Governor’s Bacon: Thomas L. Kane’s Political Defense of Alfred Cumming, 1859 William P. MacKinnon William P. MacKinnon WILLIAM P. MACKINNON is a Fellow and Honorary Life Member of the Utah State Historical Society. Since 1963 his articles, essays, and book reviews have appeared in eighteen issues of Utah Historical Quarterly. He has been presiding officer of the Mormon History Association, the Santa Barbara Corral of the Westerners, Yale Library Associates, and Children’s Hospital of Michigan. He is an alumnus or veteran of Yale College, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, General Motors Corporation, and the US Air Force. He resides in Montecito, California. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (2021) 89 (4): 323–345. https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.4.0323 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation William P. MacKinnon; Saving the Governor’s Bacon: Thomas L. Kane’s Political Defense of Alfred Cumming, 1859. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 2021; 89 (4): 323–345. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.4.0323 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2021 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2021 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Communicating in Code: Brigham Young, Thomas L. Kane, and the “Lost” Utah War Message of July 1858

Research Article| October 01 2021 Communicating in Code: Brigham Young, Thomas L. Kane, and the “Lost” Utah War Message of July 1858 Kenneth L. Alford; Kenneth L. Alford KENNETH L. ALFORD is an Honorary Life Member of the Utah State Historical Society, a professor of Church History and Doctrine at Brigham Young University, the current Ephraim Hatch Teaching and Learning Faculty Fellow, and a retired colonel in the US Army. Prior to BYU, he was a professor of computer science at the US Military Academy at West Point, New York, and a department chair and professor of strategic leadership and organizational behavior at the National Defense University in Washington, DC. He resides in Springville, Utah. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google William P. MacKinnon William P. MacKinnon WILLIAM P. MACKINNON is a Fellow and Honorary Life Member of the Utah State Historical Society. Since 1963 his articles, essays, and book reviews have appeared in eighteen issues of Utah Historical Quarterly. He has been presiding officer of the Mormon History Association, the Santa Barbara Corral of the Westerners, Yale Library Associates, and Children’s Hospital of Michigan. He is an alumnus or veteran of Yale College, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, General Motors Corporation, and the US Air Force. He resides in Montecito, California. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (2021) 89 (4): 305–322. https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.4.0305 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Kenneth L. Alford, William P. MacKinnon; Communicating in Code: Brigham Young, Thomas L. Kane, and the “Lost” Utah War Message of July 1858. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 2021; 89 (4): 305–322. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/utahhistquar.89.4.0305 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2021 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2021 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Cascading BGP face recognition method based on heuristic information

Binary gradient Pattern (BGP) is a simple and effective face recognition descriptor that is robust to illumination, expression, and occlusion. It has achieved excellent results in face recognition applications. However, there are two shortcomings in the BGP operator: Firstly, the BGP operator is a universal operator, which does not reflect the particularity of human faces in the process of identifying faces. Secondly, the feature extraction of BGP is performed once on the face, and the texture information obtained is not rich enough. In this paper, we propose a cascading BGP method based on heuristic information. The improved algorithm is fully verified in the Yale library and the ORL library, and the recognition accuracy is significantly improved compared with the original BGP algorithm.

Paul A. Rahe, The Spartan Regime. Its Character, Origins, and Grand Strategy. (The Yale Library of Military History.) London, Yale University Press 2016

Paul A. Rahe, The Spartan Regime. Its Character, Origins, and Grand Strategy. (The Yale Library of Military History.) London, Yale University Press 2016

Brain metastasis from ovarian cancer: a systematic review.

To review the existing literature on brain metastasis (BM) from ovarian cancer and to assess the frequency, anatomical, clinical and paraclinical information and factors associated with prognosis. Ovarian cancer is a rare cause of brain metastasis with a recently reported increasing prevalence. Progressive neurologic disability and poor prognosis is common. A comprehensive review on this subject has not been published previously. This systematic literature search used the Pubmed and Yale library. A total of 66 publications were found, 57 of which were used representing 591 patients with BM from ovarian cancer. The median age of the patients was 54.3 years (range 20-81). A majority of patients (57.3 %) had multiple brain lesions. The location of the lesion was cerebellar (30 %), frontal (20 %), parietal (18 %) and occipital (11 %). Extracranial metastasis was present in 49.8 % of cases involving liver (20.7 %), lung (20.4 %), lymph nodes (12.6 %), bones (6.6 %) and pelvic organs (4.3 %). The most common symptoms were weakness (16 %), seizures (11 %), altered mentality (11 %) visual disturbances (9 %) and dizziness (8 %). The interval from diagnosis of breast cancer to BM ranged from 0 to 133 months (median 24 months) and median survival was 8.2 months. Local radiation, surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery and medical therapy were used. Factors that significantly increased the survival were younger age at the time of ovarian cancer diagnosis and brain metastasis diagnosis, lower grade of the primary tumor, higher KPS score and multimodality treatment for the brain metastases. Ovarian cancer is a rare cause of brain metastasis. Development of brain metastasis among older patients and lower KPS score correlate with less favorable prognosis. The more prolonged survival after using multimodality treatment for brain metastasis is important due to potential impact on management of brain metastasis in future.

Face Gabor Feature Selection Based on Adaboost

Through the extraction of face image Gabor feature, combined with Adaboost for face recognition. According to the characteristics of high dimension Gabor, redundancy is large, the introduction of Adaboost algorithm for feature selection to reduce the dimensions of feature vector, for a large number of Gabor feature selection. At the same time ,using a single positive sample set and several negative sample sets for training method to construct a strong classifier cascade classifier. Testing results in the Yale library proves the validity of the method.

David Schorr: The Colorado doctrine—water rights, corporations, and distributive justice on the American frontier. Yale library series in legal history and reference, 2012

David Schorr: The Colorado doctrine—water rights, corporations, and distributive justice on the American frontier. Yale library series in legal history and reference, 2012

Systematic Review of CNS Metastasis in Patients with Breast Cancer (P07.113)

Objective: To review the existing literature on the issue of brain metastasis in relationship to the breast cancer and the factors are relevant to the higher incidence of brain metastasis and patients survival. Background Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors in adults, accounting for more than one-half of brain tumors. Breast cancer is the 2 nd most common cause of brain metastases. Progressive neurologic disability often results and the prognosis is generally poor. Design/Methods: We did a systematic research using the pubmed and Yale library search engine including all relevant articles in the past 20 years (refined MRI and modern treatment became available). A total of 38 papers fulfilled the above criteria and furnished the optimum information. Results: Many factors correlated with higher incidence of brain metastasis like younger age, ethnicity, and size of the primary tumor ( 2cm: 70-80%). Multiple brain lesions is common than solitary brain lesions. Incidence rate of BCBM increased from 15% to 80% over the span of 5 years. Brain was the first site of metastasis in 13%- 45% (mean 30%).The most common site of metastasis was cerebral grey and white matter and cerebellum. The most common symptoms were headache (15-58%), motor weakness (13-38%) and seizures (5-23%). Triple negative BC was associated with the worst prognosis while the HER2+/HR+, HER2+/HR-, HER2-/HR+ showed inconsistent results. Whole brain radiation therapy, neurosurgery, stereotactic radio surgery and medical therapy have a role in the management with promising role of chemotherapeutic agents in the recent literature. The median survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer is 18 to 24 months, although the range extends from only a few months to many years. Conclusions: Brain metastasis remains a major complication of breast cancer and indicates an unfavorable prognosis. Biomarkers play a key role in the treatment and survival outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Azadi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mittal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tavassoli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jabbari has nothing to disclose.

Effect of Information Communications Technology on Cataloguing and Classification of Information Resources: A Case Study of Nigerian University Libraries

The work was on effect of information communications technology in cataloguing and classification of information resources. Survey research design method was used for the study. The populations of the study were professional librarians and para - professional librarians in the li braries. Data was collected through the use of questionnaire designed for the study. Libraries involved in the study were Kenneth Dike Library (U.I), Hezekiah Oluwasanmi Library (O.A.U) and University of Lagos, main library. Result of the study showed that ICT facilitates easy storage and retrieval of information materials in the library (88.1%); allows a user to check his/her work at anytime and from any terminal and expect the computer to react and reply immediately. ICT also helps to conserve library spa ce (85.7%) ; allows quick decision to be made as regards< information on the same physical location in the library; reduces manual system of work and facilitates easy processing of large amount of information resources (85.7%) . Study also showed that other classification schemes like University of Yale Library; Bookwhere and Database of the National Medical Library (U.S.A) exists apart from the prominent ones like Library of Congress, Dewey Decimal, Universal Decimal and Colon Classification Schemes. ICT also facilitates exchange of information resources between librarie s (7.1%) ; encourages use of virtual software and MARC 21 cataloguing ( 42%); it also facilitates subject heading determination for original cataloguing and makes automatic creation of online catalogues possible (14.3%). Key Words: Effect, Information , Communications, Technology, Cataloguing, Classification, Information Resources.

Long Commentary on the De Anima of Aristotle (review)

Reviewed by: Long Commentary on theDe Anima of Aristotle Kara Richardson Averroes (Ibn Rushd) of Cordoba. Long Commentary on the De Animaof Aristotle. Translated with an introduction and notes by Richard C. Taylor, with Thérèse-Anne Druart, sub-editor. Yale Library of Medieval Philosophy. New Haven-London: Yale University Press, 2009. Pp. cix + 498. Cloth, $85.00. The Andalusian philosopher Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) had two names in the medieval Latin West: 'the Commentator', and 'Averroes'. The first of these underscores his importance as an interpreter of Aristotle ('the Philosopher'). The second was modified at least once by the adjective 'accursed' (in Duns Scotus's Ordinatio, bk. 4, d. 43, q. 2). 'That accursed Averroes' refers to the person who held that there exists only one human intellect. Averroes defends this view—typically called the unicity doctrine—in his Long Commentary on Aristotle'sDe Anima. Richard C. Taylor's translation of the Long Commentaryis based on Crawford's 1953 edition of the medieval Latin text (the original Arabic text is extant only in fragments). Brief portions of this commentary, which relate directly to the controversial and influential unicity doctrine, have previously been translated into English. Taylor's complete translation makes available in English for the first time the whole account of the soul and its powers, of which the unicity doctrine is a part. The translation will benefit graduate or advanced undergraduate students of the history of philosophy, as well as non-specialist scholars who want to understand what all the fuss was about. Taylor also provides extensive notes, which contain, among other things, Averroes' sources, extant Arabic fragments corresponding to the Latin, and explanations of technical terms and dense argumentation. For these reasons alone, Taylor's work must be considered a significant contribution to scholarship in the history of philosophy. There is also a lengthy introduction that presents the state of research on Averroes' psychology. Readers of Aristotle are familiar with his distinction, in De Anima3.5, between intellect in its passive role as a receiver of intelligibles and intellect in its active role as a maker of intelligibles. Averroes' unicity doctrine is remarkable as an interpretation of the passiveintellect, which is called the "material intellect" by analogy with prime matter (like prime matter, the material intellect can, in its own way, receive any form). To advocate the unicity of the activeintellect is not so remarkable. The latter view was standard in the Arabic tradition, which inherited it from Greek commentators on Aristotle. Those who affirm the unicity of the active intellect may hold the material intellect to be a power for receiving intelligibles [End Page 398]that is ultimately brain-based. Or they may hold the material intellect to be the supreme cognitive power of incorporeal human souls, which are multiplied in accordance with the number of human bodies. Averroes' defense of the unicity of the material intellect in the Long Commentaryinvolves a principled rejection of each of these alternative views, as well as a novel account of the role of intellect in human cognition. Taylor's introduction treats the development of Averroes' unicity doctrine and adjudicates a dispute about the dating of his Middleand Longcommentaries on the De Anima. Based in part on a comparison of portions of the Long Commentaryidentical to portions of the Middle Commentary, Taylor argues that the Long Commentaryis most likely the later work. These passages are identified in the notes to the translation. The introduction also provides a brief exegesis of the Long Commentary. This section explains the reasons behind the unicity doctrine, but misses the opportunity to highlight other points of interest in Averroes' psychology. Moreover, it leaves unaddressed certain questions likely to be pressing for newcomers to the text. For example, the unicity doctrine entails the denial that intellect is the seat of individual consciousness; so how would Averroes explain individual consciousness? What role, if any, does consciousness play in his account of cognition? Finally, Taylor's introduction includes a useful survey of Averroes' sources and a brief account of the influence of the Long Commentary, especially in the Latin West, which puts to rest the...

An Unpublished Letter by Ezra Pound on William Blake

IN 1956, more than a half century ago, I wrote to Ezra Pound, who at that time was incarcerated by government authorities at St Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington DC, where he was committed, being found ‘insane’ in facing charges of treason for activities during the Second World War in Italy. As an enthusiast of William Blake's work, I asked Pound, who had been legally declared incompetent, if he had any supplemental thoughts on his remarks about the sanity of the poet-artist Blake. Pound in his Literary Essays, first published in 1918, in a jeremiad on ‘MR. HOUSMAN,’ satirically mentioned that ‘Willie’ Blake ‘occasionally [was] sent off to do a week-end in an asylum’ (p. 71). A page later, Pound also castigated ‘Blake's metric’ in ‘The Tyger,’ although Pound added ‘That there was a fountain of poetry somewhere inside dippy William, I would be the last to refute …’1 My letter to Pound was impertinent—and I got an impertinent reply. I did not expect an answer from Pound, and therefore I did have the presence of mind to keep a copy of my original inquiry, and, unfortunately, when I got the letter by Pound, I did not save the envelope, which had the logo of the hospital were he was being confined. Pound's reply to my inquiry was typed on a torn half sheet of a scrap of paper, 8½ × 11. Although the letter was unsigned, its authenticity can easily be confirmed by comparing the typescript with other letters of this period, as many are extant (see the collections in the Yale Library). Pound's letter is as follows: 9 Lug/ 56 No interest in retrospect. No energy for people who Aren’t trying to get necessary history back into Univ. Curricula. Order of precedence: some studies are NEEDED at particular times. Anyone of yr/ generation who is not paying more attention to Beria Than to Blake Is purty nigh being detrimental, Or at least don’t give a damn for his possible progeny. Why don’t yu go talk to ‘Alfalfa’ at Tichimingo / lot more lively than Blake.

What you see before your eyes: documenting Raphael Lemkin's life by exploring his archival Papers, 1900–1959

There's a serious risk that a commemoration of Raphael Lemkin's work will not become an act of remembering, but an act of forgetting, obliterating what was so singular about his achievement. (Micha...

The Correspondence Between Bernard Brouwer and John Fulton (1930–1940)

In 1933, Bernard Brouwer (1881–1949), first professor of neurology in Amsterdam (1923), made his second lecture tour in the USA. He met John Fulton (1899–1960) who had recently assumed the position of Sterling professor of physiology (1930). Next to clinical neurology, Brouwer had become well-known by his clinicalanatomical, experimental neuroanatomical, and comparative neuroanatomical work at the Central Institute for Brain Research in Amsterdam. At the time, John Fulton, pupil of Sherrington and Cushing, was particularly interested in research of the primate central nervous system. The correspondence between Brouwer and Fulton (1930–1940), preserved at the Manuscripts and Archives Division of Yale Library, provides an opportunity to study international exchange of neuroscientific knowledge in the first half of the 20th century. Brouwer and Fulton first met during the first International Congress of Neurology at Berne in 1931, where they discussed the anatomy of optic tracts. Next to this subject, the correspondence in that year dealt with the crossed and uncrossed pyramidal tracts. Brouwer's visit at Yale (1933) was well appreciated as appears from their correspondence as well as from Fulton's diary. Fulton sent several students to Amsterdam, including Margaret Kennard (1899–1976) who visited Amsterdam in order to “receive further neuroanatomical and clinical training of the type that only you can give”. On the other hand, Brouwer sent several Amsterdam pupils and Dutch colleagues to New Haven. From the correspondence, we learn that there was a vivid exchange of neuroscientific knowledge by books, letters, reprints and pupils. The correspondence demonstrates the changing dynamics of scientific exchange between Europe and America.

William of Ockham: Quodlibetal Questions (review)

BOOK REVIEWS 493 devenir, est formellement et de mani~re immtdiatement evident principe d'intelligibilitt , ~ moins de reduire l'etre au devenir, et de dire que tout devient historiquement " (my italics). This contrast of a domain of being (with its doctrinal principles) set over against the realm of history makes one wonder if the author is not enmeshed in the very net of "principles" which he so clearly identifies as the problem in Scotism. This is a work of philosophical polemic. By ignoring more recent work on Scotus, Ockham and later medieval philosophy, it conveniently presents the older theses of modern Neo-Thomism, which presented a historiography of philosophy in such a manner as to disenfranchise any philosophy, Franciscan or Augustinian. Even those early modern Thomist philosophers such as Cajetan and John of St. Thomas are seen to be infected with the same Scotist virus. Still, the author does acknowledge that the philosophy of St. Thomas did not dominate the late Middle Ages. The modern dominance of the philosophy of St. Thomas in the Catholic world and in some modern secular treatments of medieval philosophy is largely due to the polemics of the Reformation. One cannot conveniently separate "structures of thought" from historical realizadons of doctrine. That leads to an aprioristic phenomenological ahistorical world of pure essences. While there are many very valuable discussions of philosophy in this volume, the danger is that the complexity of the historically situated medieval debates will be ignored. For example, Gregory of Rimini is not just proto-Luther. And Scotus and Ockham are misread if they are seen as simply preparatory for later Reformation and Counter-Reformation polemics. And that means setting aside preconceived theses, fixed ideas, vague historical schemata. And it also means that one has to take into account the nitty-gritty of science, logic, and metaphysics in order to get a more real sense of the genesis of late medieval thought. Nevertheless, despite these reservations, this work does merit much study. And it should sharpen the present debate on the nature and significance of late medieval philosophy. JEREMIAH HACKETT University of South Carolina Alfred J. Freddoso and Francis E. Kelley, translators. William of Ockham: Quodlibetal Questions. Yale Library of Medieval Philosophy. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, a99a. a vols. Pp. xxviii + 7oa. Cloth, Slot.to. In terms of both quantity and difficulty, an English translation of William of Ockham's Quodlibeta is a daunting enterprise. It is daunting for at least two reasons. It is, first of all, a very technical work. Secondly, it often carries the author's responses to arguments of Walter Chatton, a Franciscan confrere and opponent--arguments which are often not found in Ockham's text and must, therefore, be traced elsewhere (principally to Walter Chatton, Reportatio et Lectura super Sententias: Collatio ad Librum Primum et Prologus, ed. Joseph C. Wey, CSB). Despite these difficulties, however, this translation 494 JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY 32:3 JULY I994 is a most welcome work, since it presents to a wider audience the final fruits of Ockham's theological and philosophical career. For those accustomed to using Ock~m: Philosophical Writings, even in its newer version (Boehner-Brown), as their main sourcebook for the thought of the Venerable Inceptor, the comparison of translations at points of overlap will be inevitable. For the most part, both translations of Quod//beta passages are suitable English renditions of Ockham's Latin. There are points, however, where the Freddoso-Kelley rendering seems an improvement. Since in Quodlibet V, q. I Ockham is speaking about two different types of science--theology and natural science--Freddoso's "in different sciences" (399, line 2) seems superior to Boehner's "in different kinds of knowledge" (loo, line 2). Also, in Quodlibet/, q. 13, Freddoso-Kelley's "when a shield seems to change colors as one moves closer and farther away" (67, lines 13-14) seems preferable to Boehner's "when something like a many-coloured shield is viewed from a greater or lesser distance" (31, lines 19-2o). In the same q. 13, Boehner generally translates, somewhat awkwardly, "visio" as "look," while Freddoso-Kelley, somewhat more suitably , employ "vision." A careless reader might imagine...

Quodlibetal Questions by William of Ockham

BOOK REVIEWS 337 Quodlibetal Questions. By WILLIAM OF OcKHAM. Vol. 1 trans. Alfred J. Freddoso and Francis E. Kelley; vol. 2 trans. Alfred J. Freddoso ; pref. Norman Kretzmann. Vol. l of the Yale Library of Medieval Philosophy. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1991. Pp. 391 and 305. $100.00 for both (cloth). In these handsome volumes, Professor Alfred J. Freddoso and the late Professor Frank E. Kelley have provided the scholarly community with an English translation of William of Ockham's Quodlibeta septem (hereafter QS). The volumes constitute the first volume in the new Yale Library of Medieval Philosophy, and both the new series and this first contribution within it will add generously to the growing num· her of medieval philosophical texts available in English. Using the critical edition of Ockham's Latin text established by the Rev. Joseph C. Wey (Opera theologica, vol. 9, Franciscan Institute: St. Bonaventure , NY, 1980) as the basis for their work, the translators offer to readers of English an accurate translation of one of Ockham's mature theological works, treating a wide variety of philosophical and theological topics. Indeed, thanks to their efforts, the broad range of Ockham's thought in natural and revealed theology, ontology, epistemology, and ethics becomes available in English for the first time. The purpose of the Yale series is to translate into English " complete works of philosophical and historical importance". In deciding which work of Ockham to translate for the series, the translators faced two potential hazards: the danger of translating one of Ockham's earlier works that might contain ideas which he subsequently reconsidered; and the danger of translating a work that focused upon a narrow range of topics, something which would give readers the false impression that Ockham's philosophy was concerned only with those topics. The translators have adroitly managed to avoid both of these potential hazards. The translators certainly steered clear of the first hazard by deciding to translate Ockham's QS. These quodlibetal questions are believed to represent the substance of disputations Ockham held at the Franciscan studium in London during the years 1322-1324, although the final written form of the work probably was not established until 1325 or shortly thereafter at Avignon. Hence the QS represent to a large extent Ockham's final word on the topics discussed, since in the period after 1325 up until the time of his death in 1347 Ockham was too heavily embroiled in ecclesiological and political controversies in Avignon and Munich to give much consideration to more speculative concerns. Yet the translators also avoided the second hazard by choos- 338 BOOK REVIEWS ing to translate the QS. True, the QS is akin to numerous other medieval quodlibetal questions in that it treats an array of questions; hut, in the case of Ockham's work, the range of topics is so broad and the issues broached therein so fundamental to his personal thought that one has, in effect, a compendium of Ockham's major philosophical and theological ideas. A brief glance at the table of questions indicates the breadth of the questions and their relevance to perennial philosophical discussions. In the area of philosophical theology, Ockham asks whether it can be proved by natural reason that there is only one God; whether it can be proved by natural reason that God's power is infinite; whether God could have made the world from eternity. In regard to ethical theory, Ockham asks whether the exterior act has its own proper moral goodness , and whether there can be a demonstrative science about morals. In fields of epistemology and the philosophy of mind, Ockham asks whether the human intellect knows its own acts intuitively in this life; whether it knows sensible things intuitively; and whether there can be an intuitive cognition of a non-existent object. Closer to the area of logic and semantics, Ockham raises several questions about the status of propositions and their components: whether a mental proposition is composed of things or concepts; whether mental names are divided into concrete and abstract names in the manner of spoken names; whether the object of a definition is an extra-mental reality or a concept . Finally, readers...

Music in the Rosenbloom Collection of Hunt Library at Carnegie-Mellon University

In 1974 Carnegie-Mellon University acquired a priceless collection of rare books from the estate of Charles J. Rosenbloom, a Pittsburgh philanthropist who had served on the university's board of trustees from 1940 until 1973, the year of his death. He established the C. J. Rosenbloom Fine Arts Fund of some $30,000, served as chairman of the Music Department Visiting Committee, and was a member of the Hunt Library Visiting Committee. He was also a former vice-president of the Pittsburgh Symphony Society and a prominent financial supporter of the symphony. Rosenbloom was the owner of one of the nation's most significant private art print collections; he assembled as well a large collection of invaluable rare books, including many first editions. Over the years he had donated more than 100 volumes to the university, including several first editions and special editions. Among these were original editions of two Beethoven sonatas, Opus 47 (1804) and Opus 96 (1816, see Appendix). Upon his death Rosenbloom willed the remainder of his collection to various institutions, principally to Yale,' where he had graduated in 1920 and where he was an honorary life trustee of the Yale Library Associates, and to Carnegie-Mellon. His bequest to Carnegie-Mellon totaled 300 volumes, nearly all first and special editions. Among the most notable items now housed in the Rare Book Room of the Hunt Library are: the first four folio editions (1623-1685) of Shakespeare's plays; a 1518 copy of the first complete Bible printed and published in Greek; James Boswell's 1791 presentation copy of his Life of Samuel

Daniel Coit Gilman in the Formative Period of American Librarianship

Daniel Coit Gilman (1831-1908) is best remembered as the first president of Johns Hopkins University and vigorous advocate of graduate education. Less well known is Gilman's relationship to libraries and librarians from the 1840s to the twentieth century. This paper examines Gilman's contribution to the Librarians' Conference of 1853, service as Yale librarian and professor in Yale's Sheffield Scientific School, influence on library development at the University of California and Johns Hopkins, contacts with the profession, and principal library writings. Although Gilman was not a practicing librarian after his courageous struggle to improve conditions in the Yale Library (1856-65), he became an influential commentator and adviser on many library matters. Speaking and writing from the prestigious platform of a university presidency, Gilman advocated the academic library's centrality to research, supported professorial status for librarians, encouraged regional library cooperation, and explored the connection between libraries and the political process.