XT Group Research Articles

Evaluation of the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Different F1 Crosses of Tengchong Snow and Xichou Black Bone Chicken Breeds.

Unlike other chicken breeds, Xichuan Black Bone (XBB) chickens are an established breed in China with excellent production performance and unique characteristics, including black meat, beaks, skin, bones, and legs, and they produce blue-shelled eggs. The Tengchong Snow (TS) chicken breed has relatively lower growth performance than commercial breeds but is considered one of the main genetic treasures of black meat in China. To improve the production and meat quality traits of the TS chickens by hybridization, the current study aimed to investigate the growth performance, carcass indices, meat quality physical properties, and muscle fiber traits of fiber traits of F1 crosses of TS with XBB chickens. Three groups of crossbreeding combinations were produced: (1) XT group (XBB × TS ), (2) TX group (TS × XBB ), and (3) TT group (TS × TS ), with the TT group used as a control. A total of 725 healthy chicks (XT group: 247, TX group: 180, TT group: 298) were reared up to 20 weeks of age to estimate the growth performance and associated meat parameters. The results showed that the XT and TX groups had higher body weight and body size compared with the TT group (p < 0.05). Similarly, breast width, breast length, width of body, and carcass weights were also greater (p < 0.05) in the XT and TX groups compared with the TT group. Meat physical properties, including color, water-holding capacity, and tenderness, were improved (p < 0.05) for the XT and TX group compared to the TT group. The XT group had the better color of the leg muscles with the unique orientation of muscle fibers. Based on the results, the XT group is more in line with the future breeding direction as they have greater body weight, larger size, and lower abdominal fat. This study is a baseline technical reference for the protection, evaluation, and utilization of germplasm resources of Tengchong Snow chicken for screening the best matching lines and combinations with local chickens.

Effect of Fluoride-releasing Resin Cement on the Development of White Spot Lesions Around Orthodontic Brackets - A Retrospective Study.

This study aimed to assess the effect of G-CEM, a fluoride-releasing cement, on the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) and their severity around orthodontic brackets. This case-control study was conducted by reviewing 140 dental records of fixed orthodontic patients presenting to an orthodontic clinic. The patients were assigned to two groups ( n = 70). In group 1, Transbond XT resin cement, and in group 2, G-CEM had been used for bracket bonding. The frequency and severity of WSLs in each group were evaluated by assessing the available post-treatment photographs of patients and notes left by their orthodontist in their records in this regard. The number of teeth with WSLs in each patient was recorded, and the severity of lesions was categorised by Gorelick's analysis. Comparisons were made using independent t -test, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test (alpha = 0.05). In both the maxilla and mandible, the prevalence of WSLs was significantly higher in the Transbond XT group than in the G-CEM group ( P = 0.01). The difference in frequency of WSLs between the maxilla and mandible was not significant within each group ( P > 0.05). Tooth #22 had the highest frequency of WSLs (11.4%) in the Transbond XT group, while teeth #12 and #36 had the highest frequency of WSLs (2.9%) in the G-CEM group. The difference in frequency of WSLs was not significant between males and females ( P > 0.05). Bracket bonding with G-CEM fluoride-releasing cement significantly reduced the development of WSLs around orthodontic brackets.

The possibility of clinical bonding between metal/ceramic brackets to zirconia: in vitro study.

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the bond strength and durability of six bonding agents concerning their application to metal or ceramic brackets and zirconia. Materials and Methods: Six resin cement bonding agents (XT, XTS, RSBU, RGBU, SBPM, and GMP) were chosen for this investigation. Specimens were either stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24h or subjected to 5,000 thermocycles before conducting a Shear Bond Strength (SBS) test. Statistical analysis of the SBS data was performed using three-way ANOVA and Games-Howell tests (α = 0.05). The Adhesive Remnant Index was examined, and the debonding surface details on brackets and zirconia were observed. Results: For metal brackets, all groups demonstrated clinically acceptable bond strength, irrespective of storage conditions, except for the XT group. Regarding ceramic brackets, all groups displayed acceptable bond strength after 24h of water storage. However, following thermocycling, a significant decrease in SBS was noted across all groups (p < 0.05), with SBPM exhibiting a higher bond strength. Three-way ANOVA analysis indicated that SBS values were notably influenced by each factor, and an interaction among the three independent variables was observed (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The reliable bond strength between ceramic brackets and zirconia was significantly lower after thermocycling compared to that of metal brackets and zirconia. SBPM exhibited consistent and robust bond strength between ceramic/metal brackets and zirconia across various storage conditions. Furthermore, the HEMA-free adhesive demonstrated a potentially more consistent bonding performance compared to the HEMA-containing adhesive employed in this study.

Effect of Bleaching on the Microhardness and Modulus of Elasticity of ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE: An In Vitro Study

Aim: Bleaching is reported to have a deleterious effect on the physical properties of composite material. There is a lack of studies evaluating the effect of bleaching on ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bleaching on the microhardness and modulus of elasticity of ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, the effect of bleaching on two restorative materials was tested. The two restorative materials ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE and 3M Filtek Z350 Xt were subjected to bleaching with two concentrations of carbamide peroxide (15% and 35%). Measurements of Microhardness and Modulus of elasticity were recorded before and after the bleaching procedure. Data were checked for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Unpaired t test was applied to compare mean of different variables across groups ( p &lt; .0001). Results: The microhardness and modulus of elasticity was higher among the 3M Filtek Z350 Xt group when compared to ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE. Approximately 35% carbamide peroxide showed the least values when compared to 15% carbamide peroxide. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study it can be concluded that 15% and 35% carbamide peroxide significantly decreased the Microhardness and Modulus of Elasticity of ACTIVA BioACTIVE – RESTORATIVE and 3M Filtek Z350 Xt. The deleterious effect was concentration dependent as more effect was noted with 35% Carbamide Peroxide. Therefore, patients have to be advised that the existing composite restoration might become softer after bleaching.

Evaluation of the shear bond strength of various adhesives on the surface of enamel irradiated with various doses of radiotherapy

We aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) forces on the enamel surface with 2 adhesives after treatment with various radiation doses. A total of 120 premolars were included in the study. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 main groups (n= 24): negative control (without aging), positive control (with aging), 40 Gy, 60 Gy, and 70 Gy radiation. The 40 Gy, 60 Gy, and 70 Gy groups underwent conventional radiotherapy 5 days a week with a dose of 2 Gy each day. After the radiotherapy, all samples except the negative control group were subjected to thermal cycle aging. In all 5 groups, the specimens were divided into 2 subgroups, and half were bonded using 2 adhesives. After bonding, the universal Shimadzu test device was used to analyze the SBS. After the test, the tooth surfaces were examined under a stereomicroscope to determine the adhesive remnant index. When adhesives were compared, Biofix adhesive's bond strength value was statistically higher in the 40 Gy group than in the Transbond XT group (P= 0.001). The SBS value was higher in all irradiated groups than in nonirradiated groups (P= 0.001). When the adhesive remnant index score was analyzed, no significant difference was found among the groups. The SBS increased in irradiated teeth compared with unirradiated teeth, and the SBS values of both adhesives were within the acceptable limits in all radiation groups.

A comparative study on the depth of cure, hardness and microleakage applied to primary teeth of different types of bulk-fill resins

Objective: To compare the depth of cure, surface hardness and microleakage applied to primary teeth of three types of bulk-fill resins, so as to provide reference for clinical application. Methods: Composite resin FiltekTM Z350 XT (group A) and giomer Beautifil Ⅱ (group B) were used as controls, high-viscosity bulk-fill resin FiltekTM Bulk Fill (group C), sonic-activated bulk-fill resin SonicFill 2 (group D) and flowable bulk-fill resin SDR® flow+(group E) were studied. The microstructure of each group was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specimens of each group were prepared (6 pieces per group), and the Vickers microhardness of the surface layer and different depths of each group were measured, and then the depths of cure were calculated. Twenty-five primary molars dentin were filled by resins of each group (5 teeth per group), sliced, then aged, slices of each group were developed by silver ion staining. SEM was used to observed the distribution of silver ions. Microleakage of each group were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra rank sum test. Results: SEM showed that the filler particles in groups A and C were spherical and evenly distributed. The shape of the fillers in groups B, D and E were polygonal and unevenly distributed. The surface hardness of groups A, B, C, D and E were (84.97±6.30), (65.04±5.95), (57.80±1.18), (60.77±2.34), (33.32±1.83) MPa respectively. Group A had the highest hardness, while group E was the lowest, and the differences between the two groups and other groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among groups B, C, and D (P>0.05). The curing depths of groups A, B, C, D and E were 2.6, 3.4, 5.8, 3.8 and 7.8 mm respectively. The largest microleakage was found in group E [2% (1/50) for grade 0, 22% (11/50) for grade 1, 30% (15/50) for grade 2, 24% (12/50) for grade 3, and 22% (11/50)for grade 4], which was statistically different from other groups (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found among other 3 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Both high-viscosity and sonic-activated bulk-fill resins have the greater depth of cure, the same hardness and microleakage as giomer, which might be an option for restoration in primary teeth.

A comparison of bond strength and adhesive remnant index of 3D-printed and metal orthodontic brackets attached using different adhesives

Abstract Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of two different adhesive applications of aesthetic brackets produced from permanent crown material using 3D-printing technology. Methods Sixty maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were divided into two main groups according to the type of bracket (metal brackets n=30, 3D-printed brackets n=30) and further divided into two subgroups according to the type of adhesive (flowable composite, Tokuyama SuperLow; non-flowable composite; 3M Transbond XT). SBS and ARI score evaluations were conducted in the experimental and control subgroups (n=15). Statistical analysis was performed by a one-way analysis of variance, a post-hoc test, and Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was accepted as P &lt; 0.05. Results The bond strength of the specimens was significantly affected by the type of composite and bracket type (P &lt; 0.001). However, the SBS values were within or above the desired range for orthodontic treatment in all groups. The highest SBS value was obtained in the Metal Bracket-Transbond XT group (15.03 ± 6.66), while the lowest SBS value was observed in the 3D-Printed Bracket-Transbond XT group (7.91 ± 3.07). It was noted that of all materials evaluated, the most common non-enamel-damaging adhesive–cohesive fractures were in 3D-Printed Bracket Tokuyama SuperLow group (n=13). Conclusions It is recommended that 3D-printed orthodontic brackets have sufficient and acceptable SBS levels for clinical applications and bonding using non-flowable adhesives to produce high SBS values and using flowable adhesives generating high ARI scores.

Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair with extended clip arms for ventricular functional mitral regurgitation

BackgroundThe new sizing options of the MitraClip system (Abbott Vascular, Abbott Park, IL, USA) with extended clip arms were recently developed. Its applicability and effectiveness for ventricular functional mitral regurgitation (VFMR) are yet to be investigated. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with symptomatic VFMR who underwent transcatheter edge-to-edge repair between 2018 and 2022 at the Sakakibara Heart Institute. Pre- and post-procedural mitral valve morphologies were assessed using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. ResultsIn a total of 104 VFMR patients, the posterior mitral leaflet length was 12.8 ± 2.8 mm and 92 % was indicative of the extended arm (≥9 mm). Although baseline VFMR was more severe in the patients treated with the extended arms (n = 35, XT group) than the patients treated with the standard arms (n = 69, NT group), the decrease in VFMR was greater in the XT group (delta three-dimensional vena contracta area − 43 ± 33 mm2 vs. -31 ± 22 mm2, p = 0.030) and residual VFMR was similar between the groups, with a significantly greater reduction in the mitral annulus anterior-posterior diameter (−4.9 ± 2.2 mm vs −3.1 ± 2.1 mm, p < 0.001) and mitral annulus area in the XT group. The use of extended arms was independently associated with shorter procedure time (81 ± 26 min vs 108 ± 41 min) after adjustment for device generation and the number of clips (p = 0.017). ConclusionsMost VFMR patients had enough leaflet lengths for transcatheter edge-to-edge repair using the MitraClip with the extended arms, which was associated with shorter procedure time and a greater decrease in the mitral annular size.

Particle beam therapy versus photon radiotherapy for extrahepatic biliary cancer-systemic review and meta-analysis.

Particle beam therapy (PT) is a potentially promising approach to the treatment of extrahepatic biliary cancer (EBC) because of its unique dose distribution using the Bragg peak. However, the superiority of PT to photon radiotherapy (XT) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare PT and XT for the treatment of EBC. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), which was pooled using a random-effects model. Nine articles comprising a total of 1558 patients (seven XT articles, n = 1488 patients; two PT articles, n = 70 patients) were screened. In addition, we compared the outcomes of XT and PT with the outcomes available from a prospective data registry (proton-net). The 1-year OS probability rates were 55, 65 and 72% for the XT group, PT group and PT registry, respectively. The 2-year OS probability rates were 26, 38 and 38% for the XT group, PT group and PT registry, respectively. The 3-year OS probability rates were 12, 35 and 18% for the XT group, PT group and PT registry, respectively. Although the difference between the 1-year OS rates of the XT group and PT registry was statistically significant, no other significant superiority was observed among these groups. In conclusion, the efficacy of PT was not superior to that of XT during this meta-analysis.

Evaluation of Fracture Resistance in Maxillary Premolar Teeth Restored with Different Direct Composite Restorative Material

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three direct resin composite restorative materials on fracture resistance in mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities prepared in maxillary premolars. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 maxillary premolars were collected and then divided into five main groups (n=5). Group 1 (positive control group): sound teeth with no cavity preparation. Group 2 (negative control group): MOD cavities with no restoration. Group 3: MOD cavities restored with nanocomposite FILTEK™ Z350 XT Group 4: MOD cavities restored with simplified universal composite OptiShade™ and Group 5: MOD cavities restored with universal nano-filled composite Estelite® Sigma Quick. Results: Group 5 showed the maximum fracture strength value (ranged from 1170-1355 N) followed by Group 4 (998.1- 1158 N) then Group 3 (900.9-1097 N) followed by Group 1 (positive control) with fracture strength value ranging from 836.1 to 1059 N. Group 2 (negative control) showed the minimum fracture strength value ranged (380.6-631.6 N). For the significance evaluation of different groups, One-Way ANOVA was performed followed by Tukey`s post hoc test for multiple comparisons which revealed all significant differences between different groups as P-value &lt; 0.05 except for (group 1 # group 3), (group 1 # group 4) and (group 3 # group 4) respectively which were insignificantly different as P-value &gt; 0.05. Conclusion: Reinforcement of the teeth could be achieved after MOD cavity preparation in maxillary premolars through proper restorative procedures.

Comparison of shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to ceramic surfaces utilizing different adhesive systems: An in vitro study.

To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to three different types of ceramic surfaces (feldspathic, lithium disilicate, and zirconium) using Assure® Plus All and Transbond™ XT adhesives. The sample comprised 72 monolithic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic samples that were randomly divided into six groups of 12 specimens each. Three groups (G1, feldspathic ceramic; G3, lithium disilicate ceramic; G5, zirconium surfaces) were bonded to metal brackets using Assure® Plus All adhesive, whereas the remaining three groups (G2, G4, G6; with the ceramic type in the same order as that in the previous groups) were bonded to metal brackets using Transbond™ XT. The samples were then subjected to 10,000 thermocycles. The SBS was calculated using the shear tests. The site of bonding failure was classified using the adhesive remnant index (ARI) score. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses at a 5% significance level. Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean SBS values of the groups (P < 0.001). The mean SBS for G6 (zirconium plus Transbond™ XT) (2.52 MPa) was significantly lower than that for all other groups. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found in the ARI score distribution among the groups (P < 0.001). Differences were identified between G6 and G3 (lithium disilicate Plus All Assure® Plus All) and G5 (zirconium plus Assure® Plus All). The mean bonding strength of brackets with Assure® Plus All was higher than that with Transbond™ XT for all three types of ceramics. However, all groups, except the zirconium plus Transbond™ XT group, showed acceptable bonding strength for orthodontic purposes. The application of hydrofluoric acid followed by silane and finally the Assure® Plus All adhesive system is adequate for bonding brackets to any of the ceramic tested surfaces.

Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Varnishes (MI Varnish, Clinpro Varnish and Fluor Protector Varnish) on Candida albicans Count and Salivary pH in Children aged 6-12 years – A Randomized Control Trial

PURPOSE: Candida albicans one of the commensal organisms in the oral cavity, causes fermentation of the dietary carbohydrates leading to the formation of organic acids, which contributes to the development of dental caries. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 3 different fluoride varnishes against Candida albicans in the prevention of dental caries before and immediately after fluoride varnish application and also over a period of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. METHODOLOGY: A sample size of 60 children’s aged between 6-12 years were randomly selected by block randomization and divided into 3 groups: Group 1 MI Varnish, Group 2 Clinpro XT varnish and Group 3 Flour Protector varnish. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before and after the application of fluoride varnishes (collected immediately after application, after 1 week, 1 month and 3 months) and were sent for microbiological analysis. The pH of the samples were evaluated by Indikrom paper strips. The results obtained were statistically analysed by mean, standard deviation and One way ANOVA. RESULTS: MI varnish showed a significant drop in Candida albicans followed by Clinpro XT varnish and Fluor Protector Varnish whereas no significant difference were seen in pH. CONCLUSION: The results of the study shows that MI Varnish, Clinpro XT Varnish and Fluor Protector Varnish have antifungal effect on Candida albicans. MI Varnish showed its more profound effect.

Evaluation of enamel deproteinization in bond strength of orthodontic accessories: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial

This split-mouth randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the influence of dental enamel deproteinization with sodium hypochlorite on orthodontic accessories breakages using 2 orthodontic adhesives. Forty patients with indications for orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the orthodontic adhesive used: Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) (n= 20) and Orthocem (FGM Dental Products, Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil) (n= 20). A split-mouth trial was conducted in the maxillary teeth; the deproteinization process with 5% sodium hypochlorite was performed on the experimental side. The opposite side served as a control without deproteinization. The primary outcome was the number of orthodontic accessories breakages. The randomization was performed using the BioStat software (AnalystSoft Inc, Walnut, Calif). Single-blind was applied for patients. Orthodontic accessories were bonded according to the manufacturer's instructions. The accessories breakages were followed during the first 6 months of treatment. Intergroup comparisons were performed with t tests and 1 and 2-way analysis of variance. Thirty-nine patients concluded the trial. The Transbond XT group comprised 20 patients (9 male, 11 female), with a mean age of 20.77 ± 6.44 years. The Orthocem group included 19 patients (9 male, 10 female), with a mean age of 23.14 ± 7.98 years. The application of sodium hypochlorite before bonding did not influence the number of orthodontic accessories breakages (P= 0.867). The type of adhesive used, associated or not with the deproteinization, did not affect the number of orthodontic accessories breakages (P= 0.929). Enamel deproteinization with 5% sodium hypochlorite did not impact the number of orthodontic accessories breakages. In addition, the 2 bonding adhesives used showed similar clinical results, with or without the enamel deproteinization. The trial was registered at ensaiosclinicos.gov.br, ReBEC (no. RBR-39ntmjk). The protocol was not published before trial commencement. This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies.

A comparative study of shear bond strength of four different light cure orthodontic adhesives: An in vitro study

To compare the shear bond strength and Adhesive Remnent Index (ARI) of metal brackets using four different bonding systems: Heliosit Orthodontic Bonding Material (Ivoclar Vivadent), Ormco Enlight Light Cure Adhesive, Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive (3M UNITEK) and Light cured Orthofix (Anabond Stedman Pharma Research (P) Ltd. In the present study 120 extracted sound human upper bicuspids were taken and divided into four groups. Group 1: Heliosit Orthodontic Bonding Material (Ivoclar Vivadent), Group 2 : Ormco Enlight Light Cure Adhesive ,Group 3: Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive(3M UNITEK) and Group 4: Light cured Orthofix (Anabond Stedman Pharma Research (P) Ltd. In all the groups (n = 120) orthodontic metal brackets were bonded with the four different light cure adhesives respectively and all the samples were evaluated for shear bond strength using Instron(3366) universal testing machine at a cross speed of 1 mm/min. The bracket failure mode was examined using Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). The Inter group comparison (&amp;#62;2 groups) was done using one way ANOVA followed by pair wise comparison using post hoc test. Comparison of frequencies of categories of variables with groups was done using Chi square test. For all the statistical tests, p&amp;#60;0.05 was considered to be statistically significant, keeping α error at 5% and β error at 20%, thus giving a power to the study as 80%.: It was concluded that the mean shear bond strength of the Transbond XT was highest among the four adhesives studied. However all the adhesives tested exhibits adequate bond strength for clinical use and ARI scores was nearly same for the Transbond and Enlight adhesives studied.

Low-intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy as an Adjunct to Xiaflex® in the Treatment of Peyronie's Disease

ABSTRACT Introduction Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) may have physiologic effects including neo-angiogenesis, upregulation of vasoactive endothelial growth factors, nerve recovery, reduction of fibrotic changes, cavernosal tissue remodeling, and reduction in sympathetic tone. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) is the only US FDA-approved drug for the non-surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD). Treatment is intended to be completed in conjunction with penile traction therapy, but studies have demonstrated poor patient compliance. New adjunct therapies that have synergistic effects when used in combination with CCH are desirable but have not been explored. Objective To study if Li-ESWT has additive, synergistic, or no effect when used in combination with CCH to treat PD-associated fibrosis and PD-associated erectile dysfunction. Methods 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided evenly into five groups: sham (S), control (T), CCH only (XT), low setting Li-ESWT and CCH (XTL), and CCH and high setting Li-ESWT (XTH). Normal saline was injected sub-tunical in the sham group. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-B1) was injected into the tunica albuginea of the remaining groups to induce Peyronies-like fibrosis. After 4 weeks of TGF-B1 induction, CCH was injected in all three groups over two injections separated by 48 hours, and then treatment with Li-ESWT (UroGold™ 100) was initiated. Treatment was delivered biweekly for 3 weeks (6 total sessions). Device settings were 600 shocks at 3 Hz, at level 6 (0.093 mJ/mm2) for the XTL group and at level 12 (0.125 mJ/mm2) for the XTH group. After 10 weeks, erectile function was measured by ratio of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) to mean arterial pressure (MAP). Histological analysis by H&amp;E, Trichome stain, and Western blot analysis of Collagen I (COL1A1), III (COL3A1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) were also performed. Results There was no significant difference found in erectile function as measured by ICP/MAP between PD model and treatment groups (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Histological comparison showed no significant reduction of fibrosis when Li-ESWT was added to CCH, despite intensity, on microscopic examination. On Western blot analysis, there was a reduction of ∼500% in COL1A1 expression when the XT group was compared to the T group. While there was no significant change of COL1A1 between the XT group and the XTL group, there was found to be a decrease of ∼500% expression when the XT group was compared to the XTH group. Expression of COL3A1 in the treatment groups XTL and XTH was comparable to that of the XT group. There was no observable trend in a-SMA expression. Conclusions Different adjunct treatments to CCH need to be explored to augment the effect of the only approved non-surgical treatment for PD. Decreased COL1A1 expression seen in the XTH group, but not XTL, relative to the T group may suggest an energy-dependent effect to decrease fibrosis. Li-ESWT was hypothesized to be a promising candidate, but we have failed to show substantial benefit in our proposed setting. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Sexual Medicine Society of North America Clarification Industry funding only - investigator initiated and executed study Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Endo Pharmaceuticals

Evaluation of enamel colour changes with orthodontic bonding an in vitro study

Aesthetics is an integral part of orthodontics, and color is an important aspect of aesthetics. Hue, value, and chroma are the three objective variables used to describe color. The tooth color exhibits a large variation influenced by the structure of enamel and dentin. Enamel colour alterations may derive from the irreversible penetration of resin tags into the enamel structure at depths reaching 50 µm. Natural Teeth: A total of 80 extracted premolar teeth were collected and then washed thoroughly with plain water and stored in normal saline to prevent them from drying up.Eighty human premolar teeth that had been previously extracted from orthodontic patients.All the teeth selected were cleansed by using a rubber cup and pumice slurry for 20 seconds on a slow speed contra angle hand piece (10,000 rpm), rinsed thoroughly with saline for 10 seconds and air-dried with gentle jets of oil-free compressed air.In this study shows the frequency distributions of color difference ΔE at various time points in Transbond XT group. The mean difference before treatment and debonding and finishing (ΔE1) was 0.91± 0.43, mean difference before treatment and photogeing (ΔE2) was 1.49±0.85 and mean difference after debonding and finishing and photoageing (ΔE3) was 0.81±0.51. The frequency distributions of ΔE at various time points in Ormco group. The mean difference before treatment and debonding and finishing (ΔE1) was 0.72±0.24, mean difference before treatment and photogeing (ΔE2) was 1.88±0.83 and mean difference after debonding and finishing and photoageing (ΔE3) was 0.97±0.55. Ormco Enlight showed highest enamel color change of ΔE2 value 2.92 after debonding &amp; finishing. Rely A bond showed least enamel color change of ΔE2 value 2.80. Of all the groups studied there is a significant color change in the enamel but less than the minimum threshold value of ΔE 3.7 units.

Comparison of the efficacy of Icon resin infiltration and Clinpro XT varnish on remineralization of white spot lesions: An in-vitro study.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of Icon resin infiltration and Clinpro XT varnish on remineralization of white spot lesions using a polarized light microscope (PLM).MATERIALS & METHODS:Artificial white spot lesions were created on a sample of 40 extracted human premolar teeth by immersing in a demineralizing solution. All samples were randomly allocated to two groups of 20 each; Group A: Icon resin infiltration and Group B: Clinpro XT varnish. Teeth were sectioned along the buccolingual plane using a diamond disc. Specimens were observed under the PLM (4× magnification) at three deepest measurements and their averages were calculated to obtain the mean penetration depth. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). Independent samples t-test and group statistics were used to compare the two groups. In all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5% (P < 0.05).RESULTS:Both Icon resin infiltration and Clinpro XT groups showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.00) in the penetration depth. Icon resin infiltration group showed a significantly higher penetration depth (24.46 μm) compared to the Clinpro XT group (12.34 μm). Group A showed a greater mean penetration depth (17.07 ± 4.35 μm) when compared to group B (7.68 ± 1.81 μm).CONCLUSION:Icon resin infiltration showed a significantly higher penetration depth and is more effective on remineralization of white spot lesions when compared to Clinpro XT varnish.

Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Composite Containing TiO2 and SiO2 Nanoparticles with an Additional Etching Step for Orthodontic Brackets Bonding to Enamel.

Recently, nanoparticles such as nano-TiO2 have been added to some dental materials for enhancing dental carries prevention due to their antibacterial activity. This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength of a self-adhesive composite containing TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles for orthodontic bracket bonding. This in vitro, experimental study was done on 70 extracted human premolars divided into 7 groups. Six groups of Vertise Flow self-adhesive composite samples were prepared: without any nanoparticles, with 0.5% and 1% TiO2 nanoparticles, 0.5% and 1% SiO2 nanoparticles, and 1% mixture of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles so that nano-hybrid composites were prepared. Metal brackets were bonded with these samples as well as Transbond XT as the control group. The shear bond strength of the brackets to enamel was measured using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) score was also determined by a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The shear bond strength of the groups was significantly different (p=0.000). Pairwise comparisons revealed that the bond strength of Transbond XT group was significantly higher than others (p<0.05), followed by the 1% TiO2 group with significant differences with Vertise Flow and 0.5% TiO2 groups. The lowest value belonged to Vertise Flow with no nanoparticles. The ARI scores was different in the control group (p=0.000). Adding TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles to Vertise Flow self-adhesive composite not only did not adversely affect its shear bond strength, but also slightly increased it. Overall, the self-adhesive nano-hybrid composite containing TiO2 and/or SiO2 nanoparticles, following an additional etching step would be acceptable for bracket bonding and can be used clinically to benefit from the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles.

Assessment of Microleakage under Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Various Adhesive Systems: An In Vitro Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of microleakage beneath stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems. Freshly extracted 60 human premolar teeth from mandibular arch were included in this study. After sterilizing all teeth, they were stored in thymol solution of 1% for further preparation. Acrylic blocks were used to mount the teeth in a way their roots were totally implanted up to the cement enamel junction in acrylic with crown being visible. A 0.022 slot, stainless steel preadjusted edgewise premolar brackets were taken. Sixty premolars were categorized randomly into three groups (20 premolars in each group) as follows: group I: flowable composite, group II: Fuji Ortho LC, group III: Transbond XT. Later, all the samples were subjected to thermocycling and tested immediately and 24 hours after water storage. The samples were submerged for 24 hours in methylene blue solution (2%) at room temperature. A ×20 magnification stereomicroscope was used to examine all samples. The lowest microleakage (1.34 ± 0.20) was shown by Transbond XT restored teeth, followed by flowable composite group (1.79 ± 0.32) and Fuji Ortho LC group (2.98 ± 0.13). An analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences among various adhesive systems. A statistically significant difference (p <0.05) among groups I and II, and groups II and III adhesive materials was seen. This study demonstrated microleakage in all the examined adhesive groups but the lowest microleakage was found with Transbond XT group followed next by Filtek Z350 XT group and Fuji Ortho LC group. Due to microleakage, the bacteria and fluids present intraorally penetrate through the gaps along the enamel-adhesive boundary. This penetration results in significant esthetic and clinical complications. Such problems related to microleakage can be addressed with the use of an appropriate adhesive agent.

Optical properties evaluation of rapid sintered translucent zirconia with two dental colorimeters

Background/purposeThe efficient rapid sintering technique has employed to dental zirconia ceramics for shortening the fabrication time of zirconia restorations. The purpose was to compare the optical properties of two generations of rapid sintered translucent zirconia using two dental colorimeters. Materials and methodsTwo generations of translucent zirconia ceramics, 3 mol% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP): Copran Zr-i Ultra-T (UT) and Cercon HT (HT), and 5 mol% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (5Y-TZP): Cercon xt (XT), of different thicknesses (0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 mm; n = 5) underwent rapid sintering (RS) or conventional sintering (CS). The CIELAB values were measured on the white and black backgrounds, respectively, by digital colorimeters, shadepilot, DeguDent (DD) and Easyshade V, Vita (Vita). Translucency parameter (TP), color difference (ΔE), surface morphology, and surface roughness were evaluated. ResultsRS resulted in reduced lightness, except in the XT group. The chromaticity increased slightly after RS. Translucency decreased with increasing material thickness. ΔE values differed between both sintering processes but were clinically acceptable (ΔE < 5). Grain size of XT decreased after RS. RS did not affect the surface roughness. ConclusionRS is a feasible method for shortening the manufacturing time of zirconia restorations. A significant difference in TP value was only in the XT group between both sintering methods as measured on DD. Color differences in rapid sintered translucent zirconia materials are imperceptible and acceptable. The specimen thickness affected more in the TP values of Vita than DD. DD has higher sensitivity to translucency and color compared with Vita.