XML Template Research Articles

Automatic Electronic Invoice Classification Using Machine Learning Models

Electronic invoicing has been mandatory for Italian companies since January 2019. All the invoices are structured in a predefined xml template which facilitates the extraction of the information. The main aim of this paper is to exploit the information contained in electronic invoices to build an intelligent system which can simplify accountants’ work. More precisely, this contribution shows how it is possible to automate part of the accounting process: all the invoices of a company are classified into specific codes which represent the economic nature of the financial transactions. To accomplish this classification task, a multiclass classification algorithm is proposed to predict two different target variables, the account and the VAT codes, which are part of the general ledger entry. To apply this model to real datasets, a multi-step procedure is proposed: first, a matching algorithm is used for the reconstruction of the training set, then input data are elaborated and prepared for the training phase, and finally a classification algorithm is trained. Different classification algorithms are compared in terms of prediction accuracy, including ensemble models and neural networks. The models under comparison show optimal results in the prediction of the target variables, meaning that machine learning classifiers succeed in translating the complex rules of the accounting process into an automated model. A final study suggests that best performances can be achieved considering the hierarchical structure of the account codes, splitting the classification task into smaller sub-problems.

ZooPhy: A bioinformatics pipeline for virus phylogeography and surveillance

ZooPhy: A bioinformatics pipeline for virus phylogeography and surveillance

XML Template Functional and Multivalued Dependencies Validation

In this paper, we present two types of XML semantic constraints, namely the XML Template Functional Dependencies (XTFDs) and the XML Template Multivalued Dependencies (XTMVDs), which are both defined over the finite XML files that have no mixed contents. Essentially they specify that if a pattern of nodes appears in a finite XML file that has no mixed contents, then another pattern of nodes must also appear. To implement these semantic constraints, we demonstrate an algorithm that transforms an XTFD or an XTMVD to an XQuery program such that the program returns a non-empty set of counter examples from such an XML file If [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] does not satisfy the constraint.

Design and Implementation of Inertial Measurement Information Acquisition System Based on XML

Platform inertial measurement information acquisition system is to acquire, store and display inertial measurement information of inertial platform navigation system by means of data communication. Due to the different types of platform inertial navigation system, the communication protocols are diverse. In this paper conducts the repetitive coding problem caused by different formats of communication protocols and put forward an improved method based on XML template applied to format of data unit in protocols. This method greatly improved the generality of acquisition software. In the premise that the acquisition board is not replaced, this method according to the type of platform to change the XML template, without compiled twice time. The inertial information acquisition system has been applied in practice. Practice has proved that this method can significantly reduce the workload of code maintenance and cut down the cost of personnel.

A computational framework for converting textual clinical diagnostic criteria into the quality data model

BackgroundConstructing standard and computable clinical diagnostic criteria is an important but challenging research field in the clinical informatics community. The Quality Data Model (QDM) is emerging as a promising information model for standardizing clinical diagnostic criteria. ObjectiveTo develop and evaluate automated methods for converting textual clinical diagnostic criteria in a structured format using QDM. MethodsWe used a clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) tool known as cTAKES to detect sentences and annotate events in diagnostic criteria. We developed a rule-based approach for assigning the QDM datatype(s) to an individual criterion, whereas we invoked a machine learning algorithm based on the Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for annotating attributes belonging to each particular QDM datatype. We manually developed an annotated corpus as the gold standard and used standard measures (precision, recall and f-measure) for the performance evaluation. ResultsWe harvested 267 individual criteria with the datatypes of Symptom and Laboratory Test from 63 textual diagnostic criteria. We manually annotated attributes and values in 142 individual Laboratory Test criteria. The average performance of our rule-based approach was 0.84 of precision, 0.86 of recall, and 0.85 of f-measure; the performance of CRFs-based classification was 0.95 of precision, 0.88 of recall and 0.91 of f-measure. We also implemented a web-based tool that automatically translates textual Laboratory Test criteria into the QDM XML template format. The results indicated that our approaches leveraging cTAKES and CRFs are effective in facilitating diagnostic criteria annotation and classification. ConclusionOur NLP-based computational framework is a feasible and useful solution in developing diagnostic criteria representation and computerization.

Automated construction of an intraoperative high-dose-rate treatment plan library for the Varian brachytherapy treatment planning system

PurposeThe ability to create treatment plans for intraoperative high-dose-rate (IOHDR) brachytherapy is limited by lack of imaging and time constraints. An automated method for creation of a library of high-dose-rate brachytherapy plans that can be used with standard planar applicators in the intraoperative setting is highly desirable. Methods and MaterialsNonnegative least squares algebraic methods were used to identify dwell time values for flat, rectangular planar applicators. The planar applicators ranged in length and width from 2 cm to 25 cm. Plans were optimized to deliver an absorbed dose of 10 Gy to three different depths from the patient surface: 0 cm, 0.5 cm, and 1.0 cm. Software was written to calculate the optimized dwell times and insert dwell times and positions into a .XML plan template that can be imported into the Varian brachytherapy treatment planning system. The user may import the .XML template into the treatment planning system in the intraoperative setting to match the patient applicator size and prescribed treatment depth. ResultsA total of 1587 library plans were created for IOHDR brachytherapy. Median plan generation time was approximately 1 minute per plan. Plan dose was typically 100% ± 1% (mean, standard deviation) of the prescribed dose over the entire length and width of the applicator. Plan uniformity was best for prescription depths of 0 cm and 0.5 cm from the patient surface. ConclusionsAn IOHDR plan library may be created using automated methods. Thousands of plan templates may be optimized and prepared in a few hours to accommodate different applicator sizes and treatment depths and reduce treatment planning time. The automated method also enforces dwell time symmetry for symmetrical applicator geometries, which simplifies quality assurance.

Using TEI XML Schema to Encode the Structures of Sarawak Gazette

Automatic extraction of information from old printed documents which have been digitised injudiciously will end up with a lot human corrections. To overcome the problem, one possible solution is to annotate the documents with some markups. This paper presents the encoding of the digitised sample of Sarawak Gazette published from 1903 until 1939 using the standard TEI XML schema. The output of the work is a set of six TEI XML templates that is considered to represent the different layout structures found in the studied samples.

Parallel Computational Steering for HPC Applications Using HDF5 Files in Distributed Shared Memory

Interfacing a GUI driven visualization/analysis package to an HPC application enables a supercomputer to be used as an interactive instrument. We achieve this by replacing the IO layer in the HDF5 library with a custom driver which transfers data in parallel between simulation and analysis. Our implementation using ParaView as the interface, allows a flexible combination of parallel simulation, concurrent parallel analysis, and GUI client, either on the same or separate machines. Each MPI job may use different core counts or hardware configurations, allowing fine tuning of the amount of resources dedicated to each part of the workload. By making use of a distributed shared memory file, one may read data from the simulation, modify it using ParaView pipelines, write it back, to be reused by the simulation (or vice versa). This allows not only simple parameter changes, but complete remeshing of grids, or operations involving regeneration of field values over the entire domain. To avoid the problem of manually customizing the GUI for each application that is to be steered, we make use of XML templates that describe outputs from the simulation (and inputs back to it) to automatically generate GUI controls for manipulation of the simulation.

The Prototype of Standalone Diagnostic Report Editor as a Proof-of-Concept for an Interoperable Implementation of Health Level Seven Clinical Document Architecture Standard (HL7 CDA) not Integrated with Electronic Health Record (EHR) System

Objectives: The concept of the study was to investigate the possibility of HL7 CDA implementation in the environment with no EHR system. The potential business and operational limitations were taken into account. Methods: The standalone diagnostic report editor has been chosen as a proof-of-concept prototype for such implementation. The detailed functional requirements have been defined. Results: The prototype has been developed as a single HTML file, containing Javascript code and embedding CDA XML template, CDA XML schema de nition and XSL transformation. Conclusions: The HL7 CDA based solution can be implemented in the environment with no EHR system. The concept of the standalone report editor has been proven as possible and reasonable.

Diagrammatic Approach for Complete Automation of Relational Database Normalization at Conceptual Level

AER (Articulated Entity Relationship) diagrams proposed by us, are the extension of Entity Relationship (ER) diagrams to accommodate functional dependencies (FDs) as their integral part. Accommodation of FDs in ER diagram helps to achieve total and unconditional automation of relational database normalization. In this paper we have implemented a software Integrated Development Environment (IDE), called AER IDE, designed by extending the Graphical Editing Framework (GEF) and Draw2d plug-in functionality of Eclipse. The AER IDE helps to draw, validate, store and normalize AER diagrams. An AER IDE has five modules. AER Editor allows creation and edition of AER diagrams using Model View controller (MVC) approach. AER diagrams are translated and stored as an xml file. AER Validator provides the facility of AER diagram validation based on a set of proposed rules. AER Normalizer allows normalization of an AER diagram, in one go, with the help of the proposed AER normalization rules and algorithms. Thus, it allows the total and unconditional automation of relational database normalization up to a given normal form; as an integral part of AER IDE. It also serves as a visual aid for the normalization process which is always easy to understand and interpret rather than theoretical approach. AER-XML Bidirectional Translator provides the import and export functionality of AER diagram, to and from an XML template making it compatible with the other toolset. AER-SQL Generator generates DDL scripts in the SQL schema format. The AER IDE is tested with ten distinct AER diagrams with all possible combinations of AER features and validation rules.

Providing access to satellite imagery through OGC catalog service interfaces in support of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems

The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) architecture requires supporting discovery and access to large volumes of Earth Observation data. To support this application requirement in a polar ecosystem scenario, the project constructed a metadata catalog service for pre-collected orthorectified Landsat satellite images with global coverage. This study investigates the characteristics and challenges in building Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. (OGC) catalog service. It further presents a general lightweight XML adapter for relational tables, followed by a general OGC catalog service solution based on this adapter. This adapter relies on two configuration files to make the core software modules independent of the underlying metadata database structure. One configuration file identifies how XML schema is mapped into relational schema, and the other represents the XML output template. At runtime, this adapter internally employs a two-step mechanism: XQuery processing and XML publication. In the XQuery processing step, metadata discovery requests are interpreted, resulting in an SQL query clause. In the XML publication step, this SQL query and other dynamically generated queries are executed to generate the output according to the predefined XML template. Successful application of this OGC catalog service solution in the GEOSS AIP-2 polar ecosystem scenario is presented, followed by an analysis on its advantages and limitations.

On utilizing variables for specifying FDs in data-centric XML documents

We are interested in specifying functional dependencies (FDs) for data-centric XML documents (XML documents that are used mainly for data storage). FDs are a natural constraint. Specifying FDs for XML documents is more difficult because unlike relational databases, XML documents do not have uniform structures. This paper introduces XML Template Functional Dependencies (XTFDs), which are able to specify FDs for XML documents. This paper also presents a necessary and sufficient condition for an XTFD to cause data redundancy in XML documents. Further, we propose Attribute Rule and Text String Rule as two procedures that can be repeatedly applied to remove redundancy caused by XTFDs. In addition, we prove that if an XML document has data redundancy with respect to an FD specified by using the tree tuple approach, it would have data redundancy with respect to an XTFD and show by example that XTFDs can specify some FDs for XML documents that the tree tuple approach cannot.

A Runtime System for XML Transformations in Java

We show that it is possible to extend a general-purpose programming language with a convenient high-level data-type for manipulating XML documents while permitting (1) precise static analysis for guaranteeing validity of the constructed XML documents relative to the given DTD schemas, and (2) a runtime system where the operations can be performed efficiently. The system, named Xact, is based on a notion of immutable XML templates and uses XPath for deconstructing documents. A companion paper presents the program analysis; this paper focuses on the efficient runtime representation.

Static analysis of XML transformations in java

XML documents generated dynamically by programs are typically represented as text strings or DOM trees. This is a low-level approach for several reasons: 1) traversing and modifying such structures can be tedious and error prone, 2) although schema languages, e.g., DTD, allow classes of XML documents to be defined, there are generally no automatic mechanisms for statically checking that a program transforms from one class to another as intended. We introduce XACT, a high-level approach for Java using XML templates as a first-class data type with operations for manipulating XML values based on XPath. In addition to an efficient runtime representation, the data type permits static type checking using DTD schemas as types. By specifying schemes for the input and output of a program, our analysis algorithm will statically verify that valid input data is always transformed into valid output data and that the operations are used consistently.

JXP4BIGI: a generalized, Java XML-based approach for biological information gathering and integration.

In the post-genomic era, biologists interested in systems biology often need to import data from public databases and construct their own system-specific or subject-oriented databases to support their complex analysis and knowledge discovery. To facilitate the analysis and data processing, customized and centralized databases are often created by extracting and integrating heterogeneous data retrieved from public databases. A generalized methodology for accessing, extracting, transforming and integrating the heterogeneous data is needed. This paper presents a new data integration approach named JXP4BIGI (Java XML Page for Biological Information Gathering and Integration). The approach provides a system-independent framework, which generalizes and streamlines the steps of accessing, extracting, transforming and integrating the data retrieved from heterogeneous data sources to build a customized data warehouse. It allows the data integrator of a biological database to define the desired bio-entities in XML templates (or Java XML pages), and use embedded extended SQL statements to extract structured, semi-structured and unstructured data from public databases. By running the templates in the JXP4BIGI framework and using a number of generalized wrappers, the required data from public databases can be efficiently extracted and integrated to construct the bio-entities in the XML format without having to hard-code the extraction logics for different data sources. The constructed XML bio-entities can then be imported into either a relational database system or a native XML database system to build a biological data warehouse. JXP4BIGI has been integrated and tested in conjunction with the IKBAR system (http://www.ikbar.org/) in two integration efforts to collect and integrate data for about 200 human genes related to cell death from HUGO, Ensembl, and SWISS-PROT (Bairoch and Apweiler, 2000), and about 700 Drosophila genes from FlyBase (FlyBase Consortium, 2002). The integrated data has been used in comparative genomic analysis of x-ray induced cell death. Also, as explained later, JXP4BIGI is a middleware and framework to be integrated with biological database applications, and cannot run as a stand-alone software for end users. For demonstration purposes, a demonstration version is accessible at (http://www.ikbar.org/jxp4bigi/demo.html).

Contracts for Cooperation between Web Service Programmers and HTML Designers

Interactive Web services consist of a mixture of HTML fragments and program code. The fragments, which are maintained by designers, are combined to form HTML pages that are shown to the clients. The code, which is maintained by programmers, is executed on the server to handle the business logic. Current Web service frameworks provide little help in separating these constituents, which complicates cooperation between programmers and HTML designers.<br /> <br />We propose a system based on XML templates and formalized contracts allowing a flexible separation of concerns. The contracts act as interfaces between the programmers and the HTML designers and permit tool support for statically checking that both parties fulfill their obligations. This ensures that (1) programmers and HTML designers work more independently focusing on their own expertises, (2) the Web service implementation is better structured and thus easier to develop and maintain, (3) it is guaranteed that only valid HTML is sent to the clients even though it is constructed dynamically, (4) the programmer uses the XML templates consistently, and (5) the form input fields being sent to the client always match the code receiving those values. Additionally, we describe tools that aid in the construction and management of contracts and XML templates.

A Runtime System for XML Transformations in Java

We show that it is possible to extend a general-purpose programming language with a convenient high-level data-type for manipulating XML documents while permitting (1) precise static analysis for guaranteeing validity of the constructed XML documents relative to the given DTD schemas, and (2) a runtime system where the operations can be performed efficiently. The system, named X<small>ACT</small>, is based on a notion of immutable XML templates and uses XPath for deconstructing documents. A companion paper presents the program analysis; this paper focuses on the efficient runtime representation.

Static Analysis of XML Transformations in Java

XML documents generated dynamically by programs are typically represented as text strings or DOM trees. This is a low-level approach for several reasons: 1) Traversing and modifying such structures can be tedious and error prone; 2) Although schema languages, e.g. DTD, allow classes of XML documents to be defined, there are generally no automatic mechanisms for statically checking that a program transforms from one class to another as intended. We introduce X<small>ACT</small>, a high-level approach for Java using XML templates as a first-class data type with operations for manipulating XML values based on XPath. In addition to an efficient runtime representation, the data type permits static type checking using DTD schemas as types. By specifying schemas for the input and output of a program, our algorithm will statically verify that valid input data is always transformed into valid output data and that no errors occur during processing.

관계형 데이터베이스에서 XML 뷰 기반의 질의 처리 모델

본 논문은 XML 기반의 데이터베이스 통합 방법론 중에서 관계형 데이터베이스 모델에 대한 랩퍼 시스템의 질의어 처리에 대하여 논한다. 관계형 데이터베이스의 내용은 W3C에서 제안된 XML Schema로 표현되며, 사용자는 XML Schema에 대하여 XML 질의어인 XQuery로써 질의를 한다. 그리고, 개발된 랩퍼 시스템은 사용자가 정의한 XML 뷰를 지원한다. XML 뷰 정의 언어는 XQuery이다. 이러한 환경에서 본 논문은 새로운 XML 질의 처리 모델을 제시한다. XML 뷰와 사용자 질의어의 합성 알고리즘, XQuery를 SQL로 변환하는 알고리즘, 그리고 XML 문서 생성을 위한 템플릿 구성 알고리즘을 제시한다. This paper addresses the query processing component of a wrapper system for a relational database model based on the XML view in integrating databases. The schema of a relational database is represented as XML Schema that is proposed by W3C. Users submit a query using the XML query language XQuery over the XML Schema. The wrapper system to be developed supports an user-defined XML view. XQuery is also used as the view definition language. In this environment, this paper suggests a new XML query processing model. We propose the composition algorithm of an XML view with an user query, the translation algorithm of XQuery into SQL, and the XML template construction algorithm for generating XML documents.