XM Radio Research Articles

Design of half circular wideband antenna for ship radar

The research aims to design a wideband antenna for the ship's radar. The ship's radar works on the S-Band range whose wavelengths range from 8 to 15 cm with a frequency of 2-4 GHz, This antenna design uses a new approach involving the use of Defected Ground Structure (DGS) and Defected Microstrip Structure (DMS), which builds on the initial theory. The results of the study obtained a bandwidth value of 1.6 GHz, an impedance antenna value of 49.7 ohms, with a total efficiency of -0.3356 a working frequency range ranging from 1.74 GHz to 3.3 GHz. The radiation pattern obtained the main lobe magnitude value of 3.85 dBi, Main lobe direction of 162.0 deg, angular width (3dB) of 76.7 deg, and side lobe level of -1.1 dB. From the results of working frequency, it is found that the antenna can be used for airborne warning & control (AWACS), remote sensing, WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile communication, XM radio, airport surveillance radar (ASR), radioastronomy, wireless LAN, ZigBee, missile guidance.

Exploring the technological position and role of vehicle navigation companies by using patent citation network

Autonomous driving is the future trend when it comes to the age of 5G at the end of 21st century, and vehicle navigation is the indispensable key technology. The companies with car navigation software and hardware business are facing fierce competition. Business operators must know the company's position and role in the industry, in order to adopt strategies to respond. In this study, two indicators are investigated using the social network analysis technics such as technological redundancy and network centrality in patent citation network (PCN). It is understood that technological redundancy is determined by technology knowledge status (TKS) as well as technology knowledge reliability (TKR). There are also four types of social network centrality: degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. In this study, an analysis of the technical position and role of individual companies in the industry will be presented by using the two indicators and the primary components. Moreover, technological redundancy is used to study the technical position and role of a company's unitary patent capability in the industry. This will reinforce the company's understanding, and then take strategies. By using this model, the study can effectively identify the technical position and role of the company and its unitary patent capability. Furthermore, the study also shows that based on this model, there is a total of three companies where positions and roles are as leading status in the vehicle navigation industry, i.e. Tomtom map company, Alpine and Asin AW two electronic companies. In addition, companies with unique technologies, such as Sirius Xm Radio, etc. can use their role and position to conduct merger and acquisition, collaboration, and alliance strategies.

When the dial goes Dylan: ‘premium’ radio, hybrid authenticity and Theme Time Radio Hour

AbstractThis article explores the construction of hybrid authenticity by Bob Dylan's Theme Time Radio Hour, an XM Radio programme that aired between 2006 and 2009. Dylan's foray into radio presents compelling questions about the role of his star image in advancing a corporate strategy of premium radio that requires subscription access. Through narration and curation, a performed freeform radio format and fragments of radio history, Dylan's celebrity, voice and status as a vehicle for understanding the ‘American song tradition’ are solidified within the context of subscription satellite radio. In advance of the dominance of subscription streaming listening that companies like Spotify are now known for, Dylan's radio programme and recorded music of this period contribute to XM Radio's efforts to distinguish the satellite service from ‘traditional’ commercial format radio and to entice music listeners to become subscribers.

Sirius XM Radio, Inc., Defendant: The Case for a Unified Federal Copyright System for Sound Recordings

This article observes the surviving gap between state and federal protection of music recordings through the lens of the current litigation against Sirius XM. Part II sets out a history of copyright protection in the music industry. Part III outlines the relevant provisions of the federal Copyright Act and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the role played in the federal system by the Copyright Royalty Board. Part IV examines the pertinent statutory property protection of music recordings in the state of California. Part V then discusses the merits of the current lawsuits against Sirius XM. After considering the potential legal and economic ramifications of the current lawsuits, Part VI then concludes by advocating for a unified federal system of copyright protection for all sound recordings regardless of the date on which they were originally fixed.

Un]Happy Together: Why the Supremacy Clause Preempts State Law Digital Performance Rights in Radio-Like Streaming of Pre-1972 Sound Recordings

Lovers of the music of Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, Etta James, and hundreds of other recording artists whose records were made before February 15, 1972, may soon have a hard time hearing these great artists on any satellite or Internet radio service. Recently, two federal district courts have found that state laws were violated when satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Radio included pre-1972 sound recordings in its broadcasts without the owners’ permission, but these courts did not consider – and the parties did not argue – how the Supremacy Clause applies to those state law claims. This article argues that state laws purporting to grant digital performance rights to pre-1972 sound recordings are necessarily preempted by the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution. This article contends that enforcement of those state laws would create a serious obstacle to “the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress” in enacting the Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act of 1995 (“DPRA”). The DPRA reflects Congress’ careful balancing of interests and recognition of the need for an easily administrable system of licensing, which Congress established through a complex and comprehensive compulsory licensing system. The Supremacy Clause thus preempts all state laws purporting to require licenses for digital performance rights or payment of royalties for the use of such rights by Internet or satellite radio stations beyond what is expressly provided for in the compulsory licensing system established by the DPRA, because permitting countless owners of individual pre-1972 sound recordings to assert claims for royalties and other damages outside of the compulsory licensing system would frustrate Congress’ goals in establishing that system. Part I of this article provides a brief overview of the federal rights at issue and the (very) brief history of performance rights in sound recordings, noting the absence of any express state law recognition of a performance right in sound recordings throughout most of the 20th century (other than short-lived decisions in two states over seventy-five years ago that focused on notices stamped on records purporting to prohibit a purchaser’s use of sound recordings on radio rather than a true performance right). It is only in very recent cases that courts in New York and California have recognized state law performance rights. However, they did so without considering Supremacy Clause preemption or how any state law performance rights might conflict with the federal statutory compulsory license regime established by the DPRA.Part II of the article explains the relevant legislative history and provisions of the DPRA governing the comprehensive licensing system. That statutory license and rules governing it were established to provide an efficient mechanism for digital Internet and satellite radio services to operate in compliance with their legal obligations. In Part III, the article explains Supremacy Clause doctrine and distinguishes the Supreme Court’s opinion in Goldstein v. California, which rejected a Supremacy Clause challenge to a state record piracy law in 1973. It demonstrates why neither the Court’s decision in Goldstein nor the language of the Copyright Act’s express preemption clause, which exempts state laws governing pre-1972 sound recordings from statutory preemption, precludes conflict preemption under the Supremacy Clause in the context of digital radio services that are subject to the federal compulsory license.Part IV of the article acknowledges that preemption of state law protection for digital performances of pre-1972 sound recordings raises equitable concerns, as it leaves some of this nation’s most treasured musical artists uncompensated for use of their works by Internet and satellite streaming services while the authors of more current works are compensated. However, given the delicate balancing that has gone into Congress’ recognition of a limited digital performance right and creation of a compulsory statutory licensing system, any remedy for the inequity to owners of pre-1972 sound recordings must be left to Congress. Allowing individual courts in individual states to craft a patchwork of inconsistent remedies would disrupt the balance struck by Congress and interfere with the functioning of the compulsory license system for digital sound recording performances. This is a result that the Supremacy Clause does not permit.

Application of the ICF Coherence Time Method for Ocean Remote Sensing Using Digital Communication Satellite Signals

This paper applies an ocean remote sensing method, first developed for reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-R) signals, to reflected digital communication satellite signals. The fundamental observation is the time series of the Interferometric Complex Field (ICF) of the reflected signal. A relationship is derived between the coherence time of the ICF time series and the significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave period (MWP) of the ocean. Direct and reflected signals from the S-band satellite transmissions providing the commercial XM radio service were recorded at Platform Harvest over a 65-day period. In situ measurements from a nearby buoy were used to calibrate this measurement by determining coefficients of a semi-empirical model. SWH retrievals using this model on 1 min of reflected signal observations were found to have a standard deviation of 0.38 m over the range from 1 to 4.5 m. An error analysis was done to show that the primary contribution to this error was uncertainty in the relationship between MWP and SWH, and to quantify the retrieval error from different forward models.

Demonstration of Bistatic Radar for Ocean Remote Sensing Using Communication Satellite Signals

Remote sensing of ocean roughness using reflected signals from digital communication satellites is demonstrated in an airborne experiment. Transmitted data are approximated as an infinitely long sequence of random bits, which is experimentally a hypothesis confirmed for the S-band XM radio signal. On July 2, 2010, a signal recorder was flown at an altitude of 3.17 km off the coast of Virginia, collecting ocean-reflected signals from both geostationary satellites identified as “Rhythm” and “Blues,” which were broadcasting the XM radio signal. Direct and reflected signals from the same channel were cross-correlated, producing a waveform that agreed well with a model generated at the 7.5-m/s wind speed reported from the Chesapeake Lighthouse. Adjusting this model to fit the experimental data produced an optimal estimate of 6 m/s. A Monte Carlo approach predicted errors of 0.5% from the simulated reflected XM radio signals and 2%-10% from simulated reflected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-R) signals. This improvement was attributed to the higher ( ~ 30 dB) power in the XM radio signal. The availability of communication satellite transmissions, in all frequency bands used for remote sensing, opens the possibility of using signals of opportunity as low-cost alternatives to radiometry or scatterometry.

The XM Satellite Radio Software Module of an Embedded Car Audio System

XM radio service is an emerging satellite digital audio radio service suitable for automotive environment, it offers users high-quality radio programs with better signal coverage by adopting communication satellite broadcasting technology. In order to incorporate XM radio function into a digital car audio system based on the embedded system industry standard ITRON, we analyze both software and hardware requirements of the XM function module in this work. Architectural design that separates the XM radio function module into five layers is given. The operating system selected for the microcontroller used in the car audio system is introduced. Implementation details of the XM function module, such as control commands and device communication protocol of the XM tuner, the state transition matrix layer and the application layer are also presented in this work.

Truckers Drive Their Own Assessment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Collaborative Approach to Online Self-Assessment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Commercial motor vehicle drivers are at an increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Medical Review Board has recommended that commercial motor vehicle drivers undergo testing for OSA if they have a positive Berlin Questionnaire or a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2). We developed an online screening tool based on the Berlin Questionnaire for anonymous use by commercial drivers to assess their risk of OSA prior to their required FMCSA physicals. We based the survey on the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire. The survey was hosted on the Truckers for a Cause Chapter of Alert Well and Keeping Energetic of the American Sleep Apnea Association (TFAC-AWAKE) organization website, and was promoted through the TFAC's XM radio, word of mouth, and trucking industry press contacts. A total of 595 individuals completed the survey. Of these, 55.9% were positive on the Berlin, 78.3% had either hypertension or obesity, 69.6% were obese, 47.6% had a BMI > 33 kg/m(2), and 20.5% reported falling asleep at stoplights. Some commercial drivers willingly assess their OSA risk anonymously online, and a majority of those who do so are obese, have positive Berlin screening questionnaires, and would be required to undergo polysomnography if recommendations made to the FMCSA became regulation. In contrast to reported behavior during actual Commercial Driver Medical Examinations physicals, some commercial drivers will report OSA symptoms if it is "safe" to do so. Sleep health professionals need expedient, non-punitive methods to keep commercial motor vehicle drivers healthy and driving and to raise drivers' awareness of the dangers of drowsy driving and unhealthy lifestyles.

Digital Satellite Radio 방송의 채널 정보 Searching 처리 Method에 관한 연구

본 논문은 디지털 위성 라디오 방송의 채널 정보 업데이트 방법에 관한 것으로, 예를 들어 디지털 위성 라디오의 방송 수신 기능이 구비된 홈시어터, MP3 플레이어, 이동 전화기, 카오디오 등 과 같은 다양한 유형의 디지털 기기에서 새로운 디지털 위성 라디오(이하 XM으로 표기) 방송 채널 정보를 수신하게 되면, 현재 수신 중인 XM 라디오 방송 채널과 인접된 N 개의 전/후 방송 채널만을 지그재그(Zigzag) 방식으로 랜덤하게 선별 한 후, 이전의 XM 라디오 방송 채널 정보를 새로 수신된 XM 라디오 방송 채널 정보로 업데이트 함 으로써, 사용자가 거의 선국하지 않는 XM 라디오 방송 채널을 일괄적으로 모두 업데이트 하게 되는 것을 미연에 예방 할 수 있게 되므로, 실시간으로 자주 변경되는 XM 라디오 방송 채널 정보를 보다 효율적으로 신속하게 업데이트 시킬 수 있게 되는 매우 유용한 방법을 제시한다. In this paper, we present a very useful method for updating digital satellite radio broadcast channel information. When a devices equipped with function to receive Digital Satellite Radio such as Home Theater, MP3 player, mobile phones, car audio system and various other types of Digital Devices, receives new Digital satellite radio (will be mentioned as XM radio onwards) broadcast channel information, only the current received XM radio broadcast channel and N number of pre/post nearby broadcast channels are scanned randomly in zigzag manner. Then the previous XM radio broadcast channel information updated with the newly received XM radio broadcast channel information. Since this method can prevent batch update for all XM radio channel, including some channels which less likely did not select by user, update process for real time frequently changed XM radio broadcast channel information can be performed efficiently with minimal or without delay.

Supplemental Declaration of J. Gregory Sidak Concerning the Competitive Consequences of the Proposed Merger of Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. and XM Satellite Radio, Inc.

Supplemental Declaration of J. Gregory Sidak Concerning the Competitive Consequences of the Proposed Merger of Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. and XM Satellite Radio, Inc.

Efficient simulation of critical synchronous dataflow graphs

System-level modeling, simulation, and synthesis using electronic design automation (EDA) tools are key steps in the design process for communication and signal processing systems, and the synchronous dataflow (SDF) model of computation is widely used in EDA tools for these purposes. Behavioral representations of modern wireless communication systems typically result in critical SDF graphs : These consist of hundreds of components (or more) and involve complex intercomponent connections with highly multirate relationships (i.e., with large variations in average rates of data transfer or component execution across different subsystems). Simulating such systems using conventional SDF scheduling techniques generally leads to unacceptable simulation time and memory requirements on modern workstations and high-end PCs. In this article, we present a novel simulation-oriented scheduler (SOS) that strategically integrates several techniques for graph decomposition and SDF scheduling to provide effective, joint minimization of time and memory requirements for simulating critical SDF graphs. We have implemented SOS in the advanced design system (ADS) from Agilent Technologies. Our results from this implementation demonstrate large improvements in simulating real-world, large-scale, and highly multirate wireless communication systems (e.g., 3GPP, Bluetooth, 802.16e, CDMA 2000, XM radio, EDGE, and Digital TV).

Citizen Dylan

Martin Scorsese's documentary on Bob Dylan, No Direction Home may be seen as part of a series of Scorsese works, in particular A Personal Journey through American Cinema and Il Mio Viaggio in Italia (aka My Voyage in Italy). The latter two films are threaded together by Scorsese's curatorial voice over. With the Dylan documentary, however the narrating voice and visual presence of Dylan supplants Scorsese and provides the thread. But as director, Scorsese treats the Dylan interview as though it were an artefact, roughly akin to the clips he shows in his film documentaries. He structures the film's archive footage and interviews around Dylan's narration. The direction here provides a kind of filmic equivalent of musical obbligato. Dylan puts himself in a similar relation to the artefact in his recent XM radio programs, in which he sets up a fictive world and then acts as curator of and accompanist to the recordings he spins. And as in Scorsese's documentaries on film, the curatorial relationship to the material allows Dylan to very deliberately but subtlely play with effects of intimacy and remove.

XM Reinvents Radio's Future

In contrast to the depleted music playlists of commercial FM radio, XM satellite radio is broadcasting 67 channels of exceptionally high‐quality programming. Through interviews with music programmers at XM radio and the sampling of XM's pop and jazz channels, I will explore the promise of this new medium. This study will also include a selected history of radio and discuss XM's place in it.

A word from the editor

Welcome to the third issue of the ACM Computers in Entertainment magazine! In this exciting issue we present eight articles on a diversity of entertainment technology topics including Internet movie piracy, performing arts, animatronics, robotics, music, games, and interactive television. To get started, the Interviews section features video interviews with our distinguished advisory board members Leonard Kleinrock and Richard Edlund. Leonard talks about nomadic computing, embedded technology, smart spaces, ubiquitous computing, ethics, the roles of the government, and the future of the Internet. Richard speaks of movie visual effects, digital cinema, digital cameras, and technical Oscars. In the Movies and Performing Arts section, Sai Ho Kwok investigates the file-sharing patterns of pirated movies over BitTorrent peer-to-peer networks and offers suggestions on the design of an anti-piracy strategy. W. Scott Meador et al. describe an experimental dance performance featuring live-motion capture, real-time computer graphics, and multi-image projection produced by a cross-departmental team of faculty and students at Purdue University. In the Animatronics and Robotics section, Ray Dominey et al. discuss their integrated technology for raising the level of interactivity and realistic animatronics in amusement park dark rides. John D. Decuir et al. detail their use of Sonys AIBO entertainment robots to improve young childrens reading comprehension in a classroom setting. In the Music and Games section, Magy Seif El-Nasr et al. present a real-time lighting design to automatically adjust lighting in an interactive scene where the camera and character movements are unpredictable. Myriam Desainte-Catherine et al. examine their research on early-learning games using a joystick as a Dolabip instrument for electro-acoustic music education in schools. In the Synopsis - Books and Software section, Eddie Schwalb introduces the technologies, standards, and business issues for interactive television (iTV). Doug Twilleager et al. provide an overview of the server, desktop, and mobile technologies that are available to build a networked game with Java technology. I hope you will enjoy this issue of the online magazine. Before you dive into the exciting content, I would like to share with you the latest headline news about our distinguished editorial board advisors Alan Kay and Quincy Jones: On April 19, 2004, Dr. Alan Kay was named the 2003 winner of the A.M. Turing Award for pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing. The A.M. Turing Award is the most prestigious technical award in computer science and is accompanied by a prize of $100,000. Earlier this year, Alan and his colleagues won the engineerings highest award - the Charles Stark Draper Prize from the National Academy of Engineering - for their vision, conception, and development of the worlds first practical networked personal computers. Both the Draper Prize and Turing Award are considered the equivalent of Nobel Prizes for their fields - engineering and computer science, respectively. In June, Alan was named winner of the 2004 Kyoto Prize in advanced technology, his third major scientific award this year. On May 16, 2004, nearly half a million people attended Mr. Quincy Jones all-star humanitarian concert "We Are the Future" at Romes Circus Maximus. In the tradition of "We Are the World,"the successful concert marked the launch of a worldwide initiative aspiring to create a sustainable chain of support for children in war-ravaged cities. The concert was broadcast on MTV, MTG/VIASAT, XM Radio, and Yahoo! webcasts. More information can be found at http://www.wearethefuture.com/concert_press.html I wish to express my admiration and gratitude to the legendary Alan Kay and Quincy Jones for their immense contributions to society. We are most fortunate to be working with the most innovative and philanthropic individuals in the world. A growing list of our distinguished editorial board members can be found at http://www.acm.org/pubs/cie/acmcie_editorial_board.pdf Now its time to dive into the magazine and send me your comments and feedback. Thank you very much for your continuing support. Sincerely, Newton Lee Editor-in-Chief ACM Computers in Entertainment Los Angeles June 2004

CA‐PK: conditional access for broadcast networks

AbstractThis paper presents a conditional access solution suitable for broadcast networks (e.g. Eureka‐147 DAB, XM Radio's SDARS, etc.). This solution, called CA‐PK (Conditional Access through Public Keys), can only be implemented in software, although it can utilize external crypto processors and allows a content provider to operate a conditional access system independently of third parties (i.e. DAB or GSM network operators). Furthermore, it integrates the consumer into the protection chain, creating a social environment that discourages illegal redistribution of access keys. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.