Xiaogan City Research Articles

The Path of Urban Waste Classification and Management: A Case Analysis of Xiaogan City, Hubei Province

Uses a combination of questionnaire surveys and field interviews to study the current situation of domestic waste classification and governance in Xiaogan City. Then explore the existing problems, such as the government-led mechanism needs to be improved, the ability of residents to participate is insufficient, and the ability of market regulation is limited; Based on the above problems, combined with the actual situation of Xiaogan City, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions such as improving the construction of government-led mechanisms, improving the participation ability of residents, and enhancing market regulation capabilities, so as to provide strong support for the in-depth development of urban garbage classification and governance in Xiaogan City.

Quality evaluation of oil by cold-pressed peanut from different growing regions in China.

In this study, twenty‐six peanut varieties and their cold‐pressed oils from eleven provinces in China were investigated for their oil content, acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid profiles, bioactive constituents, and induction period (IP) of lipid oxidation. Meanwhile, the effect of the geographical origin of peanut on the quality of cold‐pressed peanut oils (CPOs) was studied. The average acid value of CPOs in southern China was higher than that in northern China (0.49 mg KOH/g versus 0.22 mg KOH/g, p > .05). In addition, the average of oleic acid content, ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid (O/L), and IP were also higher in southern China than that in northern China (p < .05). However, the average content of campesterol, β‐sitosterol, total phytosterol, linoleic acid, and ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) exhibited reverse results (p < .05). At last, the comprehensive evaluation of CPOs based on principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. In all samples, Silihong from Liaoning province, northern China was No.1, and Zhonghua 21 from Xiaogan City, Hubei Province was No.4 which was the first one from southern China. Moreover, heat map clustering analysis further revealed the differences and similarities among different samples, and those results were in accordance with the comprehensive evaluation results.

Analysis of COVID-19 Based on SEQR Dynamic Model in Xiaogan City, Hubei Province

In this study, we established a SEQR model for the spread of COVID-19. The impact of city lockdown measures and other factors on the spread of the epidemic was discussed in this paper through dynamic analysis and numerical simulation of the model. The research results showed that the input ratio of the exposed population should be controlled to at least 0.001 if the government wanted to effectively control the epidemic. Closing the city was the most effective way. The exposed population of COVID-19 in Xiaogan City was hoping to be cleared on February 29 under strict control. The closed city could be released around March 28. But at the same time, we should pay attention to prevent the virus from entering it again. The peak number of existing patients would reduce by about 1,400 if city lockdown measures were taken in Xiaogan City four days in advance.

Construction Land Information Extraction and Expansion Analysis of Xiaogan City Using One-Class Support Vector Machine

Construction Land Information Extraction and Expansion Analysis of Xiaogan City Using One-Class Support Vector Machine

Analysis for the Interaction Relationship between Urbanization and Ecological Security: A Case Study in Wuhan City Circle of China

Exploring the interaction relationship between urbanization and ecological security is the key issue to achieve regional sustainable development. This study used coupling coordination model and vector auto-regression model to comprehensively investigate the interaction relationship between urbanization and ecological security in Wuhan City Circle from 2005 to 2018. The results showed that urbanization quality in Wuhan City Circle increased from 0.1818 in 2005 to 0.4355 in 2018, with an average annual increase rate of 10.74%. The ecological security of Wuhan City Circle decreased from 0.4890 in 2005 to 0.4511 in 2015 and increased from 0.4511 in 2015 to 0.4554 in 2018. The degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological security of Wuhan City Circle presented a circle structure with Wuhan as the center and increasing outward. Additionally, the impulse analysis showed that the increase of urbanization had a significant negative impact on ecological security of Wuhan city, Huangshi city, and Xiaogan city. Meanwhile, the ecological security index of Ezhou city, Tianmen city, Huanggang city, Xiantao city, Xianning city, and Qianjiang city were all positive in early stage after the ecological security was impacted by the increase of urbanization. The analysis of historical data and future trends can provide operable recommendations for urbanization development and ecological security protection through cleaner production and efficient use of natural resources from the aspect of coordinated development.

Surveillance of schistosomiasis in Xiaogan City from 2016 to 2020

To analyze the surveillance data of schistosomiasis in Xiaogan City, Hubei Province from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide the scientific evidence for understanding the epidemiological changes of schistosomiasis and evaluating the schistosomiasis control strategy. A total of 16 surveillance sites were selected in the schistosomiasis endemic foci of Xiaogan City from 2016 to 2020, where Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans, livestock and Oncomelania snails and the schistosomiasis transmission risk were monitored. The schistosomiasis surveillance results were descriptively analyzed. During the period from 2016 to 2020, there was no schistosomiasis emergency epidemic in Xiaogan City. A total of 660 sero-positive individuals were identified in Xiaogan City during the 5-year period, and the seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced from 2.08% in 2016 to 0.97% in 2020. Higher seroprevalence of S. japonicum infections was detected in men than in women, and in individuals at ages of over 60 years than in those at other age groups; however, no egg-positives were detected in humans or livestock. The mean density of living snails was 0.05 to 0.06 snails/0.1 m2 during the 5-year period, and the occurrence of frames with snails increased from 2.99% in 2016 to 3.92% in 2020; however, no S. japonicum infection was found in snails. The endemic situation of schistosomiasis remarkably decreases in Xiaogan City during the period from 2016 through 2020. Further improvements of the sensitive and effective schistosomiasis surveillance system are required with an emphasis on the monitoring of the schistosomiasis transmission risk and management of floating populations.

Association Between Moyamoya Disease and Early-Life Exposure to &lt;i&gt;Leptospira&lt;/i&gt; Infection: A Cross-Sectional, Comparative, Retrospective Birth Cohort Study in Hubei Province, China

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD), a chronic cerebral vascular disorder that could lead to both ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes, has a largely unknown aetiology and natural course. Leptospiral cerebral vasculitis, caused by Leptospira infection, showed similar moyamoya-like angiography features. While the relationship between Leptospira infection and MMD is unclear. Methods: We first performed a cross-sectional study on the spatiotemporal characteristics of MMD in Hubei, China. Between October 2016 and July 2020, we identified patients with MMD from the inpatient database statistical bureau of the Hubei Health Committee, China. The age-adjusted incidence rate (AAIR), demographics (age and sex), clinical (symptom type and comorbidities) were described in this study. The geographic clusters of the high and low incidence (hot and cold spots) were identified based on AAIR at the county level using global Moran's I index and Getis-Ord Gi* statistical methods. To preliminarily evaluate Leptospira infection's role in MMD, we then compared the patient baseline features and the county level variables (environmental, socioeconomic, sanitary, and et al.) between the hot and cold spots using the χ2 test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, respectively. Finally, to confirm whether Leptospira infection is the aetiology of MMD, we carried out a hypothesis deductive (HD) method. We hypothesised that specific birth cohorts have a higher risk of MMD, and the risk factor is that they suffered from Leptospira infection in their early-life. To prove our hypothesis, we performed a retrospective birth cohort study. We constructed the birth cohort’s distribution of MMD (1931‒2019) and the birth cohorts who were at high risk of Leptospira infection by the leptospirosis surveillance data (1960‒2019) in Hubei province. Our major objective is to evaluate whether these two diseases had a similar risk of birth cohorts by a Gaussian mixture (GM) model. Meanwhile, we investigated the relationship of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics between leptospirosis and MMD. Findings: Overall, 6427 patients with MMD were identified between October 2016 and July 2020. The AAIR at the province level was 2·11 to 3·38 per 100 000 person-years from 2017 to 2019. The onset age distribution exhibited two major specific peaks, and the median age at diagnosis was 52 years (IQR 46–60), showing an increasing trend with time (50 [IQR 42‒57] in 2016, 51 [IQR 44‒59] in 2017, 52 [IQR 46‒61] in 2018, 53 [IQR 46‒61] in 2019, and 54 [IQR 47‒62] in 2020). No noticeable sex differences were observed. Hot spots were identified mainly in Wuhan, Xiangyang, Huanggang, and Xiaogan City in the eastern part, while cold spots were located in Yichang and Jingzhou City in south-central Hubei province. There existed an obvious age structure difference between hot and cold spots. Cold spots had a higher proportion of young-aged (7·9% vs 5·0%, p=0·042) and old-aged (34·4% vs 23·8%, p<0·0001), while hot spots had higher proportion of the middle-aged. Compared to cold spots, the hot spots had a higher cattle density, more generous paddy fields, and rice acreage, indicating that the Leptospira infection might be the aetiology of MMD. The GM model demonstrated that the massive bias of birth cohorts was probably due to the leptospirosis epidemics in 1963, 1973, 1982‒83, 1986, 1996, and 2008 (R2=0·986). Moreover, the spatiotemporal distribution bias of leptospirosis could explain the epidemiological differences between the spots. Interpretation: We proved Leptospira infection at early-life is the aetiology of MMD. Based on this, we further clarified a complete natural history of MMD, which would be of great importance for understanding the disease. Funding Information: None. Declaration of Interests: Dr. Ma and Dr. Chen report non-financial support from Health Committee, Hubei, China, non-financial support from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei, China, during the conduct of the study; personal fees for consulting, non-financial support from writing assistance, outside the submitted work. Dr. Chen reports personal fees for consulting, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: All methods were carried out by following relevant guidelines, and the ethics committee approved this study at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Informed consent from all participants was waived due to the study's retrospective nature by the ethics committee. All individual identifying information (including name, exact address, and telephone) was anonymised and de-identified to protect patient privacy.

Applicability of MuLBSTA scoring system as diagnostic and prognostic role in early warning of severe COVID-19

To explore the applicability of MuLBSTA Score in COVID-19 patients, a retrospective analysis was performed on 330 cases of COVID-19 patients in Southeast Hospital of Xiaogan City, Hubei Province. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were described and multilobe infiltrate in CT, bacterial infection, lymphocyte count, smoke in history, history of hypertension, and age distribution in the population of mild and severe patients were analyzed. All included patients were scored according to the MuLBSTA early warning scoring system and its efficacy in early warning of severe symptoms was analyzed. CT feature of infiltration changes on multiple lobes, the absolute value of lymphocyte count of less than 0.8 × 109, accompanied by bacterial infection, history of smoking, history of hypertension, and an age of greater than 60 years old were all statistically significant factors in patients with severe COVID-19. ROC curve analysis indicated that the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the early warning system were 0.651, 0.954 and 0.93, respectively. The MuLBSTA Score has a good early warning effect on severe COVID-19 patients.

Clinical features of critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 outside Wuhan with and without diabetes.

AimSome patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rapidly develop to critical condition. Here, we investigated the clinical features of critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients with and without diabetes and identified risk factors for death of these patients.MethodsThe medical records including epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 49 critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients were collected and analyzed in Huanggang City and Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, outside Wuhan.ResultsSixty-seven percent (33) of patients survived and 33% (16) of patients died in 49 critically ill patients (32 men, 17 women), with a median age of 63 years (IQR 53–73). Univariate analyses indicated that the deceased patients were more often associated with two or more comorbidities, one or more gastrointestinal symptoms, high neutrophil percentage, low lymphocytes and lymphocyte percentage, high C-reactive protein, high procalcitonin, high fasting blood glucose (FBG), and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared with the survivors; moreover, the patients with T2DM had the higher neutrophil percentage, the lower lymphocyte percentage, and the higher levels of FBG and LDH compared with the patients without T2DM. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that gastrointestinal symptoms (≥ 1 symptoms), decreased lymphocytes (< 1.1 × 109/L), and increased FBG (≥ 7.0 mmol/L) were the independent risk factors for death of critically ill patients.ConclusionsCritically ill COVID patients with T2DM had more severe damages of the lymphocytes, islet cells, and heart function, and gastrointestinal symptoms, lymphopenia, and increased FBG may be early predictors for poor prognosis.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13410-020-00888-3.

Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in Xiaogan City.

On February 6, 2020, Xiaogan City became the second most seriously affected city with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), outside Wuhan district, Hubei Province, China. The objectives are to study the clinical features of COVID-19 patients and assess the relationship between the severity of COVID-19, age, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The retrospective data of 134 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in 3 hospitals of Xiaogan City, between February 1 and March 1, 2020, was collected. This study documented COVID-19 patients. Clinical data in terms of body temperature, history of travel, and direct contact with COVID-19 patients, and incubation period was collected. Out of the 134 patients, only 5 required intensive care. Moreover, 2 patients succumbed during this period. The median age of patients was 45 (33–56) years. The most common symptoms at the onset of disease were fever (66.4%), cough (33, 6%), and sore throat (14.7%). Amongst the medicines used, antiviral agents (92.3%) followed by the traditional Chinese medicine (89.5%) were most commonly used. In both the crude and adjusted (I to III) models, odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval for both age and CRP levels were > 1. Moreover, the smooth curve fitting graph reflected that the severity of COVID-19 was positively correlated with both age and CRP levels (all P value < 0.05). The signs and symptoms of COVID-19 patients were fairly moderate. The health care professionals treating the COVID-19 patients should be aware of the increased likelihood of progression to severe COVID-19 in elderly patients and those with high CRP levels.

Death of a neonate born to a critically ill mother with COVID-19: a case report

We report a critically ill pregnant woman in the third trimester with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 who presented to Xiaolan People's Hospital of Zhongshan in February 2020. The 32-year-old patient was admitted at 35+2 gestational weeks with a 4-day history of a sore throat and a fever for three hours. The patient had been to Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, and the symptoms occurred during a period of self-isolation after back home. The condition of the patient deteriorated rapidly, with left-sided chest and back pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, progressing to respiratory failure and septic shock 7 hours after her admission. In view of her critical condition and a history of two previous cesarean sections, an emergency cesarean section was performed. Blood gas analysis of the mother before the operation suggested respiratory failure, respiratory acidosis, and metabolic acidosis. During the operation, a baby boy was born. The Apgar score of the boy, birth weight of 2 700 g, was one at 1, 5 and 10 minutes despite the resuscitation efforts. The neonate died after withdrawing treatment. The patient was treated with tracheal intubation ventilator and other supportive treatments after the operation. The result of the new coronavirus nucleic acid test, taken on admission, but which was reported after delivery, was positive. The patient was transferred to the designated hospital for further treatment and was recovering with the withdrawal of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventilation support at 26 and 36 days after surgery, respectively. Key words: Pregnancy complications, infectious; Coronavirus; Pneumonia, viral; Pregnancy trimester, third; Perinatal death

Research on Decoration Design of Green Building Based on BIM Technology

Sustainable development is the theme of common development of mankind in the 21st century. For urban architecture, it is necessary to change from high energy consumption mode to green energy saving mode, so green building is the inevitable trend of building development in the world today. According to the decorative design of green building, green building decoration design evaluation are put forward including the evaluation element, evaluation structure, evaluation tool and evaluation method, according to the relevant design specifications of China Green Building Standard and BIM design model feature. In this paper, the evaluation and analysis of the design of the city of Xiaogan City in Hubei Province provide the idea and reference for the construction of BIM platform for green building evaluation design.

How Does Patient Safety Culture in the Surgical Departments Compare to the Rest of the County Hospitals in Xiaogan City of China?

Objectives: Patient safety culture affects patient safety and the performance of hospitals. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) is generally used to assess the safety culture in hospitals and unit levels. However, only a few studies in China have measured surgical settings compared with other units in county hospitals using the HSOPSC. This study aims to assess the strengths and weaknesses of surgical departments compared with all other departments in county hospitals in China with HSOPSC. Design: This research is a cross-sectional study. Methods: In 2015, a Chinese translation of HSOPSC was administered to 1379 staff from sampled departments from 19 county hospitals in Xiaogan City (Hubei Province, China) using a simple random and cluster sampling method. Outcome Measures: The HSOPSC was completed by 1379 participants. The percent positive ratings (PPRs) of 12 dimensions (i.e., teamwork within units, organizational learning and continuous improvement, staffing, non-punitive response to errors, supervisor/ manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety, feedback and communication about errors, communication openness, hospital handoffs and transitions, teamwork across hospital units, hospital management support for patient safety, overall perception of safety, as well as frequency of events reported) and the positive proportion of outcome variables (patient safety grade and number of events reported) between surgical departments and other departments were compared with t-tests and X2 tests, respectively. A multiple regression analysis was conducted, with the outcome dimensions serving as dependent variables and basic characteristics and other dimensions serving as independent variables. Similarly, ordinal logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of two categorical outcomes. Results: A total of 56.49% of respondents were from surgical departments. The PPRs for “teamwork within units” and “organizational learning and continuous improvement” were ≥75%, which denoted strengths, and the PPRs for “staffing” and “non-punitive response to errors” were ≤50%, which denoted weaknesses in surgical units and other units. Three dimensions for surgical departments were weaker than those for other departments (p < 0.05). The staff from surgical units reported more events compared with the other units, but only a few respondents in surgical settings evaluated patient safety grade as good/excellent. Four dimensions influenced patient safety grade, and three dimensions influenced event reporting in surgical units. Conclusions: Strategies including recruiting workers, using the reporting system, and building a non-punitive culture should be adopted in the surgical units of county hospitals in China to improve safety culture. Supervisors should also prioritise patient safety.

Patient safety culture in surgical departments versus other departments in county hospitals of Hubei province, China: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundPatient safety culture affects hospital safety and performance. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) is widely used to assess the safety culture in hospital and unit level. We aimed to assess strengths and weaknesses of surgical departments compared with others in county hospitals of China with HSOPSC. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 with a Chinese translation of HSOPSC being administered to 1500 staff from 19 county hospitals in Xiaogan city of Hubei province China. We compared the percentage of positive ratings and outcome dimensions (patient safety grade and number of events) between surgical departments and other departments with t tests and χ2 tests. We explored factors affecting overall perceptions of safety, frequency of events reported, and outcome variables with multiple linear regression, two-level multiple regression, or two-level ordered logistic regression analyses. Findings1379 (92%) of participants completed the HSOPSC. 779 (56%) of respondents were from surgical departments. “Teamwork within units” and “organizational learning and continuous improvement” were strengths, and “staffing” and “non-punitive response to errors” were weaknesses in the surgical departments. The dimensions “non-punitive response to errors” (38·68% vs 40·61%, p=0·001), “supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety” (69·42% vs 71·63%, p=0·013), and “hospital management support for patient safety” (61·83% vs 65·28%, p=0·027) in surgical units were lower than those in other units. Staff in surgical units reported more events than other units (mean 2·84 [SD 0·93] vs 1·72 [0·88], p=0·015); ratios of reported patient safety grades differed between surgical settings and others (p=0·010), with fewer respondents reporting patient safety grades as good or excellent in surgical units than in other departments. A clustering effect of hospital staff within hospitals existed for overall perceptions of safety, patient safety grade, and number of events reported. Four dimensions (“organizational learning and continuous improvement”, “supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety”, “feedback and communication about errors”, and “hospital handoffs and transitions”) influenced patient safety grade and just “hospital handoff and transition” influenced events reporting in surgical units. InterpretationStrategies that include recruitment of more staff, improve use of reporting systems of adverse events, and build a non-punitive culture should be adopted in surgical units of county hospitals in China to improve the safety culture. Gaps remain in patient safety that need to be addressed. FundingChinese National Health and Family Planning Commission (grant 20131577).

Blood Biomarkers of Late Pregnancy Exposure to Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Fetal Growth Measures and Gestational Age in a Chinese Cohort.

Background:Previous studies have suggested that elevated exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water during gestation may result in adverse birth outcomes. However, the findings of these studies remain inconclusive.Objective:The purpose of our study was to examine the association between blood biomarkers of late pregnancy exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water and fetal growth and gestational age.Methods:We recruited 1,184 pregnant women between 2011 and 2013 in Wuhan and Xiaogan City, Hubei, China. Maternal blood THM concentrations, including chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM), were measured as exposure biomarkers during late pregnancy. We estimated associations with gestational age and fetal growth indicators [birth weight, birth length, and small for gestational age (SGA)].Results:Total THMs (TTHMs; sum of TCM, BDCM, DBCM, and TBM) were associated with lower mean birth weight (–60.9 g; 95% CI: –116.2, –5.6 for the highest vs. lowest tertile; p for trend = 0.03), and BDCM and DBCM exposures were associated with smaller birth length (e.g., –0.20 cm; 95% CI: –0.37, –0.04 for the highest vs. lowest tertile of DBCM; p for trend = 0.02). SGA was increased in association with the second and third tertiles of TTHMs (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.32, 6.42 and OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.03; p for trend = 0.08).Conclusions:Our results suggested that elevated maternal THM exposure may adversely affect fetal growth.Citation:Cao WC, Zeng Q, Luo Y, Chen HX, Miao DY, Li L, Cheng YH, Li M, Wang F, You L, Wang YX, Yang P, Lu WQ. 2016. Blood biomarkers of late pregnancy exposure to trihalomethanes in drinking water and fetal growth measures and gestational age in a Chinese cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:536–541; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409234

Investigation and Study on the Reconstruction of Urban-Village in Xiaogan

Through the investigation on the reconstruction of urban-village in Xiaogan City, to study the experiences and difficulties during the process, then, proposed a possible improvement measures .

The Creation of the City Symbol

The city symbol is a perfect embodiment of the city's cultural spirit connotation, through the accurate urban culture position, refined urban culture and spiritual connotation,abstract iconic element to present urban culture and urban image and promote city's development. Take Xiaogan for example, from the aspect of the urban culture position, the city symbol refinement and promotion, analyst of the Xiaogan's city symbol creation, proved the importance of the city symbol on urban development.

QoS-Aware Recovery Strategies for Service Composition in Dynamic Network

1 Lili Sun, 2 Yang Yang, Zenggang Xiong, Zhenqiang Mi, Shigang Li, Xiaoyong Zhao 1, Corresponding Author School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing City, China, E-mail: lily@cs.toronto.edu 2, 4, 5, 6 School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing City, China, E-mail: yyang@ustb.edu.cn, mizq@ustb.edu.cn, lsgwoody@gmail.com, yongxiaozhao@163.com 3, Corresponding Author School of Computer and Information Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan City, China,E-mail: jkxxzg2003@163.com

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation of Drought Vulnerability Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Abstract Designing scientifically drought vulnerability evaluation index system has great meaning to the quantitative analysis of drought vulnerability, vulnerability zoning of drought and drought risk management. This article takes seven counties of Xiaogan city in Hubei Province as the case study area, screens out 17 factors which closely related to drought vulnerability as evaluation index mainly from a socio-economic perspective, applies AHP to determine the weights of various relevant factors in the evaluation index, and then uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to achieve a drought vulnerability assessment. The results show that the overall level of drought vulnerability degree in Xiaogan City is high, in which Dawu County and Xiaochang County have the highest level of vulnerability. Accordingly, the paper brings forward the policy recommendations, including: diversifying peasants’ income channels, increasing non-agricultural income and reducing the dependence on agriculture; improving government's risk management capacity and establishing drought emergency management programs; developing rural micro-credit capital markets and a variety of intermediary organizations. This article aims to make references to the study and practice of drought vulnerability evaluation.

Epidemiologicai investigation in life state of patients with mental disease in countryside of Xiaogan city

精神疾病已经成为当前我国疾病分类中较为严重的一类疾病,按照国际上衡量健康状况的伤残调整生命年指标(DALYs)评价各类疾病的总体负担(WHO,1996年资料),精神疾病在我国疾病总负担的排名中居首位,已经超过心脑血管、呼吸系统及恶性肿瘤疾病,在2020年的疾病总负担预测值中,精神卫生问题仍将排名第一[1]。