Xerogel Powders Research Articles

Chemical factors affecting the wetting time of poly(acrylic acid) xerogel powder synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique

Chemical factors affecting the wetting time of poly(acrylic acid) xerogel powder synthesized by precipitation polymerization technique

High-Capacity Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Hard Carbons Derived from Polyurea-Cross-Linked Silica Xerogel Powders

High-Capacity Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Hard Carbons Derived from Polyurea-Cross-Linked Silica Xerogel Powders

Investigation of magnetic and electric properties of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles at different temperatures

Multiferroic bismuth ferrite shows a massive interest in its potential application in magnetic and electronic devices however maintaining high purity in bismuth ferrite nanoparticles at different temperatures is a difficult task for researchers. Several samples are prepared with different annealing temperatures and investigated in different atmospheres to recognize magnetic and electrical properties. A xerogel powder of bismuth ferrite is synthesized by the sol-gel route. The powder then anneals at 500, 600, 700, and 800 °C to form a nanostructure. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the annealed samples are in rhombohedral structure with R3c space symmetry and show a significant increase in crystal size and reduction in lattice strain with increasing annealing temperature. FESEM reveals the microstructural features of annealed nanoparticles which represent the conversion of spherical to cubic morphology with annealing temperature. Vibrating sample magnetometer investigations were conducted as a function of annealing and surface (300, 200, 80 K) temperatures. Insignificant variations of saturation magnetization are detected with surface temperature, but considerable degradation is observed with increasing annealing temperatures. The band-gap energy of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles annealed at 500, 600, 700, and 800 ºC is measured and significant escalation is observed from 1.93 to 2.06 eV. Electrical property analyses have been investigated as a function of frequency at different surface temperatures of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 °C. Remarkable variations are established in the electric and magnetic properties. Bismuth ferrite has been widely investigated due to its promising multifunctional device applications such as memory devices, spintronics, sensors, actuators, and photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications.

Fabrication of 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid membranes with superior affinity and selectivity for NH3 permeation over H2 and N2 at 50–300 °C

Ammonia (NH3) produced by Haber-Bosch process is separated through the condensation process, which needs a large amount of energy consumption. Membrane separation technology is compelling for achieving energy-saving and efficient NH3 separation. Therefore, 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (TPS) was applied, for the first time, to fabricate sulfonic silica-based membranes and evaluated for NH3 selective permeation. The amorphous siloxane network can be formed by simple condensation of silanol (Si–OH) under sulfonic acid (-SO3H) self-catalysis, as confirmed by the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray diffractometry. Moreover, TPS xerogel powders dried from TPS sols showed excellent thermal stability and dense structure via thermogravimetric and N2 adsorption analyses. Importantly, an intensive NH3 adsorption amount of ∼3.0 mmol g−1 for TPS xerogels from NH3 adsorption and temperature-programmed desorption was twice higher than the reported oxidized (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane xerogels (∼1.41 mmol g−1), which was ascribed to the inherently stronger proton-acidic -SO3H groups in TPS. Finally, TPS membranes prepared using TPS solutions diluted with ethanol expressed superior NH3-selective permeation based on favorable molecular sieving and NH3 adsorption-diffusion via single and binary gas permeation, especially remarkable NH3 permeance of ∼2.6 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and excellent NH3/N2 selectivity of 266 at 300 °C.

Up-scaling a Sol-Gel Process for the Production of a Multi-Component Xerogel Powder.

A sol-gel process for the synthesis of a multi-component oxide material from the system SiO2-ZrO2-Al2O3underwent optimization and up-scaling. Initially, on a laboratory scale, components including precursors, catalysts, and additives were methodically evaluated to ensure a safe and efficient transition to larger volumes. Subsequently, the equipment for the whole setup of the sol-gel process was strategically selected. Leveraging insights from these optimizations, the process was successfully scaled-up to pilot-scale operation, conducting hydrolysis, condensation reactions, gelation, aging, and drying within a single, integrated conical dryer system for an 80 L batch. A visual test and FTIR spectroscopy were applied for process control and monitoring.

Peculiarities of Phase Formation in Sol-Gel Powders of the СaО–ZrO2–Nb2O5–SiO2 System

The phase composition of xerogel powders of the CaO–ZrO2–Nb2O5–SiO2 system after heat treatment at 1273 K with different Nb2O5 content was established. The temperatures of the physical and chemical processes occurring during the powders heating were determined. It was found that the complete replacement of ZrO2 by Nb2O5 resulted in the formation of niobium-containing phases with a change in the structure of the powders.

Chlorhexidine-loaded polysulfobetaine/keratin hydrogels with antioxidant and antibacterial activity for infected wound healing

Multifunctional hydrogel dressings are promising for wound healing. In the study, chlorhexidine(CHX) loaded double network hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization of sulfobetaine and oxidative self-crosslinking of reduced keratin. The introduced keratin and CHX endowed hydrogels with cytocompatibility, antioxidant capability as well as enhanced antibacterial activity due to the antifouling property of polysulfobetaine. These hydrogels exhibited acidity, glutathione(GSH), and trypsin triple-responsive release behaviors, resulting in the accelerated release of CHX under wound microenvironments. Intriguingly, the freeze-drying hydrogels could be ground to powders and sprinkled on the irregular wound bed, followed by absorbing wound fluid to reform hydrogel in situ. These xerogel powders were more convenient for sterilization, formulation, and storage. Further, these xerogel powders could be rejected after being mixed with an appropriate amount of water. In vivo infected wound healing confirmed that the xerogel powder dressing significantly promoted collagen deposition and reduced inflammation, thereby accelerating the closure and regeneration of skin wounds. Taken together, these degradable xerogel powders have great potential applications for wound healing.

Analysis of phase transformations of modified silicate xerogels during heat treatment

The ways of obtaining glass for dental cements with low synthesis temperature were analyzed. The xerogels of the SiO2–CaO–P2O5 systems were synthesized by sol-gel technology from affordable raw materials. The physicochemical processes, temperature regions of phase transformations and intensity of their course, which occur during heat treatment of xerogels of two series of the system at the SiO2 content of 50 wt.% and 60 wt.% were investigated by the method of differential thermal analysis. Analysis of the obtained results allowed us to affirm that all regions of phase transformations in the xerogel powders with 50 wt.% SiO2 content shifted to the lower temperature range. It was established that an increase in the temperature during heat treatment of the xerogel powders with different compositions led to the phase transformations: from a loose powdered state through a sintered state to the formation of a glassy state. It was determined that all samples are X-ray amorphous up to the temperature of 6500C. It was shown that increasing the CaO content in the composition of xerogels up to 30 wt.%, and accordingly increasing the ratio CaO:P2O5 from 1 to 6, leads to the absence of glass phase. The optimal ratio CaO:P2O5 is 2. The influence of Li2O and BaO on a decrease in the glass formation temperature was substantiated and experimentally confirmed by thermal analysis.

Synthesis and robocasting of YAG xerogel: one-step conversion of ceramics

An optimized sol–gel protocol was carried out to produce an yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) xerogel from aluminum alkoxide and an yttrium salt on a semi-pilot scale. This xerogel was successfully used without prior pyrolysis as a solid load with the aid of additives in the preparation of pastes. Thermal treatment of the green bodies, obtained by robocasting of the paste, led to cohesive single-phase YAG ceramics. Manufacturing ceramic pieces by additive methods will allow shaping complex forms, while the single step conversion/consolidation would simplify the technological process, reducing global energy costs. Since YAG possesses high strength and good creep behavior at high temperatures, these refractory pieces could replace the metal alloys used in turbine blades for deep space exploration. Structural, thermal and chemical characterizations were performed on xerogel powders, pastes, and YAG ceramics.

Preparation of Carbon Aerogels from Polymer-Cross-Linked Xerogel Powders without Supercritical Fluid Drying and Their Application in Highly Selective CO2 Adsorption

Preparation of Carbon Aerogels from Polymer-Cross-Linked Xerogel Powders without Supercritical Fluid Drying and Their Application in Highly Selective CO₂ Adsorption

Upconversion Luminescence of Er3+ Ions from Barium Titanate Xerogel Powder and Target Fabricated by Explosive Compaction Method

Upconversion Luminescence of Er3+ Ions from Barium Titanate Xerogel Powder and Target Fabricated by Explosive Compaction Method

Low-temperature catalytic synthesis of graphite aerogels from polyacrylonitrile-crosslinked iron oxide and cobalt oxide xerogel powders

We demonstrate the Fe- or Co-catalyzed preparation of graphitic carbon aerogels that bypasses the typical use of supercritical fluid drying, and takes place at much lower temperatures (800–1500 °C) than conventional graphitization (2500–3300 °C). The process starts with preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-crosslinked iron and cobalt oxide xerogel powders via surface-initiated free-radical polymerization of acrylonitrile on the porous solid networks of sol-gel-derived particle suspensions of the oxides. The resulting wet-gel oxide/polymer composite powders were dried under vacuum at 50 °C to xerogel powders, which were compressed into desirable form factors, e.g., discs or cylinders. These compacts were then aromatized (300 °C, O2), and subsequently carbonized in the range of 800 °C to 1500 °C under Ar. In situ carbothermal reduction of the oxide networks by the newly produced carbon yielded catalytic-toward-graphitization Fe(0) or Co(0) nanoparticles embedded within the carbons. Post-pyrolysis, those metallic nanoparticles were removed with aqua regia leaving behind pure graphitic carbon aerogels. Chemical characterization of materials up to aromatization was carried out with solid-state 13C NMR; characterization of the terminal graphite aerogels was based on powder-XRD, Raman, TEM, SEM, XPS and N2-sorption. Porosities in the range of 63%–78% v/v were created during aromatization, and mainly during pyrolytic carbonization. The best quality graphite aerogels were obtained with iron at 1500 °C. These materials consisted of 99.8% w/w graphitic carbon, the crystallite domain size along the (002) plane reached 170 Å, and the crystallite width along the a-axis was 70 nm.

Assessment of Novel MgCe4P6O24 Ceramic Electrolyte in Fabricating Mg-Sensors: Focus on Structure and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

In this study, a high-temperature ceria-based phosphate ceramic electrolyte, MgCe4P6O24 prepared using a modified sol-gel chemical method produced pure dried xerogel powders is presented [1-3]. The dried xerogel powders were then calcined at 900 oC to produce MgCe4P6O24 single phase nanopowders using data extracted from thermal analysis (TGA-DSC) on the dried xerogel powders. The nanopowders were further pelletised and sintered at 1300 oC to produce a single phase dense pellets preparatory for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that the calcined nanopowders possess an excellent crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 52 ± 1 nm, and having a monoclinic phase, which invariably was confirmed using the High Resolution TEM (HRTEM), as presented in Figure 1. In using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [1-3], ionic conductivity of MgCe4P6O24 ceramic electrolyte = 2.14 x 10-3 Scm-1 at an impedance bulk temperature of 744 oC was achieved. In adapting the electrochemical method [2,3], thermodynamic and kinetic data computed in this study shows the transport number of Mg2+-cation = 0.85 ± 0.03 at 700 ± 5 oC. The structural orientation, transport number and ionic conductivity data of MgCe4P6O24 ceramic electrolyte suggests the ionic conductor as a suitable solid-state ceramic electrolyte for fabricating high-temperature Mg-sensors. Figure 1(a):Bright-field TEM image showing SAED with crystalline particles (insert), and (b) HRTEM micrograph showing corresponding SAED patterns for MgCe4P6O24 nanoparticles detailing d-spacing from lattice fringes of the HRTEM patterns in b(iii).

Assessment of MgHf4P6O24 Solid-State Electrolyte in High-Temperature Electrochemical Mg-Sensors

The chemical synthesis of MgHf4P6O24 solid-state electrolyte was achieved using a modified sol-gel method by directly substituting the B-site in MgZr4P6O24 solid-state electrolyte [1], resulting in a considerably low activation energy of Ea = 0.74 ± 0.04 eV and a promising ionic conductivity of 4.52 x 10-4 Scm-1 at 747 oC. Using TGA-DSC measurement data, the synthesised xerogel powders were calcined at relatively low temperature of 800-900 oC, while the calcined nanopowders were pressed into pellets of 13 mm diameter (Ø) and 3.8 mm thickness with a uniaxial steel die at 5 kN compressive pressure, and later sintered at 1000 ≤ T oC ≤ 1550. However, 1300 oC was adapted as the sintering temperature in this study because the optimum samples density and composition stability were achieved at 1300 oC. X-ray diffraction reveals a good crystallinity of the calcined nanopowders phase having an average crystallite size of 20±2 nm and 42±2 nm at 800 oC and 900 oC, respectively, indicating that crystallite size increases as a function of calcination temperature, which is consistent with the TGA-DSC profiles and confirmed using HRTEM.The sintered MgHf4P6O24 solid-state electrolyte was subsequently characterised for their electrical and thermodynamic properties, identifying reliable ionic and transport data of the solid-state electrolyte. Furthermore, the average transport number of Mg2+-cations in the MgHf4P6O24 solid-state electrolyte measured as a function of Mg concentration in liquid Al is 0.84 ± 0.03. The ionic conductivity and emf data of the novel solid-state electrolyte in this study was compared with those of MgZr4P6O24 electrolyte [2-4], showing similar trend which defines the similarity in both chemical and structural properties of the B-site elements on the periodic table.Relying on the structural, chemical stability and ionic conductivity data characterised in this study, the electrochemical Mg-sensor was fabricated. The high-temperature electrochemical Mg-sensor was fabricated using the highly conducting Mg2+-cation solid-state electrolyte characterised in this study and a biphasic powder mixture of MgCr2O4 + Cr2O3 + O2 reference electrode in air, and testing in liquid Al alloys at 700 ± 5 oC after successful variation of Mg concentration using electrochemical method was achieved and the test rig is presented in Fig.1 [1-3]. The testing outcome shows a linear dependence of sensor voltage on the logarithm of Mg concentration. MgHf4P6O24 solid-state electrolyte has been identified in this study to have useful applications during refining, virgin metals alloying and scrap metal recycling for the benefit of our environment and depleting climate. Figure 1. Schematic of high-temperature electrochemical Mg-sensor test rig [1-3].

Synthesis and characterizations of sol–gel derived LaFeO3 perovskite powders

In this study, LaFeO3 perovskite powders were prepared via the sol–gel method in two different annealing temperatures (500 and 850 °C-according to DTA/TG results) for use in dye-sensitized solar cell applications. The thermal, structural, microstructural, particle size, optical and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA)/thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), UV–Vis spectrometer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Our XRD findings show that the as-synthesized powders have an excellent crystallinity, and Scherrer’s Equation is used for the estimation of crystallite sizes (within 26–29 nm). Samples were analyzed to reveal the valence states of elements through XPS. Survey scan XPS spectra and high-resolution XPS spectra of La-3d5 and Fe-2p for LaFeO3 samples are given. SEMs employed to observe surface morphologies of all xerogel and ceramic perovskite powder materials and SEM images were verified with PSA results. UV–Vis spectrometer analysis results show that the optical bandgap values (Eg) as measured on both particles were found 2.42 eV. In addition to all analyses, the powders show ferromagnetic behavior, and VSM analyses are used to determine ferromagnetic properties. These results, especially low bandgap, make LaFeO3 powders possible to further increase the performance and efficiency of perovskite-based cells.

Metal-Free White Light-Emitting Fluorescent Material Based on Simple Pillar[5]arene-tripodal Amide System and Theoretical Insights on Its Assembly and Fluorescent Properties.

The booming of host-guest assembly-based supramolecular chemistry provides abundant ways to construct functional systems and materials. Attracted by the important application prospect of white light emission and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, herein, we report an efficient way for fabricating metal-free white light-emitting AIE materials through the supramolecular assembly of simple organic compounds: methoxyl pillar[5]arene (MP5) and tri-(pyridine-4-ylamido)benzene (TAP). By host-guest assembly, MP5 and TAP formed a supramolecular polymer (MP5-T); meanwhile, the MP5-T xerogel powder emitted white light at CIE coordinates (0.29 and 0.29). The supramolecular assembly and white light-emitting mechanisms were carefully investigated by experiments as well as quantum chemical calculations including density functional theory (DFT), reduced density gradient, electrostatic surface potential, independent gradient model, and frontier molecular orbital (highest-occupied molecular orbital-lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital) analyses. Interestingly, according to the experiments and calculations, the supramolecular assembly is critical in the white light-emitting phenomenon. Moreover, in this work, the quantum chemical calculations could not only support experimental phenomena but also provide deep understanding and visualized presentation of the assembly and emission mechanism. In addition, the obtained MP5-T solid powder could serve as a novel and easy means to make material for white light-emitting devices.

Bandgap tuning of samarium and cobalt co-doped bismuth ferrite nanoparticles

Silicon with its bandgap energy of 1.1 eV can convert one-third of solar energy for single layer junction semiconductor PV cells. However, maximum theoretical power conversion efficiency requires bandgap energy of 1.4 eV. Thus, scientific endeavor to find suitable functional PV materials has been progressing in full swing. In the realm of such efforts, perovskite BiFeO3 (BFO) is a prospective PV material, but it has an Eg of 2.67 eV. Thus, bandgap tuning of BFO by various dopants has given an impetus to researchers. In this context, samarium and cobalt co-doped BFO, Bi(1-y)SmyFe(1-x)CoxO3 (with y = 0 or 0.1 and x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 or 0.15) was synthesized by sol–gel method. The amorphous xerogel powder thus obtained was annealed to get the crystalline phase. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the structural transformation from rhombohedral to orthorhombic symmetry in single-doped and co-doped BFO nanoparticles. Fe–O bond length and Fe–O–Fe bond angle were calculated from the reconstructed crystal structure using XRD CIF data. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to characterize microstructural features and exhibited the decreasing trend of particle size with increasing dopant concentration. Electric impedance was found to decrease from 28 to 9.6 MΩ at 200 Hz with an increasing doping level. The bandgap energy was estimated from diffuse reflectance data obtained from UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometry and justified in light of photoluminescence measurement. A significant reduction in bandgap energy from 2.05 to 1.40 eV would shed some light on increasing solar cell efficiency using perovskite samarium and cobalt co-doped BFO based PV cells.

$$\hbox {Bi}_{(1-y)}\hbox {Sm}_{{y}}\hbox {FeO}_{{3}}$$ as prospective photovoltaic materials

The bandgap energy ( $${E}_{\mathrm {g}}$$ ) of silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) cells is 1.1 eV, which limits its efficiency to 33.33%. Thus, the quest for alternative materials with maximum theoretical power conversion efficiencies (PCE) is growing in full swing within scientific community. Bismuth ferrite (BFO) is one of the promising candidates due to its tunable $${{E}}_{\mathrm {g}}$$ . For visible light with wavelength from 380 to 750 nm, $${{E}}_{\mathrm {g}}$$ falls within the range of 1.65–3.1 eV. The photons with wavelengths of higher than 464 nm ( $${{E}}_{\mathrm {g }}= 2.67$$ eV) constitute 80% of the solar spectrum, which cannot be absorbed by un-doped BFO. Thus, lowering the $${{E}}_{\mathrm {g}}$$ of BFO is a promising way to obtain higher PCE of PV cells to harvest a wide range of visible light spectrum. In this context, we have synthesized samarium (Sm)-doped $$\hbox {Bi}_{{(1-y)}}{\mathrm {Sm}}_{y} {\mathrm {FeO}}_{{3}}$$ ( $${y} = 0.05$$ , 0.1 and 0.15) multiferroic nanoparticles using sol–gel method. The evolution of phase from xerogel was thoroughly investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and a noticeable peak shift of $$7^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ was observed due to Sm doping compared to un-doped counterpart. For crystallinity, xerogel powder was annealed at $$600^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ . Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data have confirmed rhombohedral crystal structure (R3c) of annealed samples and a substantial reduction of crystal size from 57.4 to 16 nm. For the first time, a total suppression of secondary phase was obtained in $$\hbox {Bi}_{{99.05}}{\mathrm {Sm}}_{{0.05}} {\mathrm {FeO}}_{{3}}$$ with only 5 (at.)% Sm addition. Fe–O–Fe bond angle was found to change significantly from 154.77 to $$158.84^\circ $$ and Fe–O bond length was found to be decreased along long axis and increased along short axis in Sm-doped samples. Field emission scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a reduction in particle size from 164 to 88 nm with increasing Sm-dopant concentration. The bandgap energy of un-doped and Sm-doped $$\hbox {BiFeO}_{{3}}$$ was calculated from measured diffused reflectance data using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, the result has shown a reduction of bandgap in Sm-doped $$\hbox {BiFeO}_{{3}}$$ to 1.9 eV.

Preparation, Characterization and Optical Property of LaFeO3 Nanoparticles via Sol-Gel Combustion Method

Perovskite LaFeO3 is one of the most useful materials for the application in a catalyst, gas sensors, and fuel cells, etc. LaFeO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by the citrate sol-gel method. According to the TG-DTA analysis on LaFeO3 xerogel powder, the proper crystallization temperature was found to be at 450 °C. The TEM images also show clear crystal formation was started at 450 °C. The LaFeO3 nanocrystalline particles were obtained by sintering the calcined powders at different temperatures (800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C) for 4 hours. The resulting particles were characterized by XRD, EDXRF, FT IR, and SEM analysis. At 900 °C, the XRD pattern of LaFeO3 shows an orthorhombic crystal structure. The average crystallite sizes vary between 30-60 nm and the increase in crystallite size with increasing sintering temperatures and it may be due to the increase in grain growth. FT IR analysis shows strong La-O and Fe-O vibrations. Based on the XRD and FT IR data, the optimum sintering temperature was chosen at 900 °C. The SEM micrographs show that the morphology of LaFeO3 has small-sized grains with round shape. The optical properties were determined by UV-visible spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 300 nm-700 nm. The optical band gap energy values of LaFeO3 using Tauc’s plot were found to be about 2.45 eV. These results indicate that the LaFeO3 prepared by the sol-gel method has a relatively lower band gap value and so it can have the potential for photocatalytic applications.

Effect of phase transition on optical and photoluminescence properties of nano-MgWO4 phosphor prepared by a gamma-ray irradiation assisted polyacrylamide gel method

This study demonstrates the synthesis of the MgWO4 nanoparticles by a gamma-ray irradiation assisted polyacrylamide gel method through using the citric acid as chelating agent and H2WO4 and Mg(NO3)2·6H2O as starting materials. The anorthic MgWO4 phase can be prepared at a sintering temperature of 600 °C. As the calcination temperature is above 800 °C, a mixed phase including anorthic and monoclinic MgWO4 phases are observed. The prepared MgWO4 particles are almost spherical and the particle size increases with the increasing of sintering temperature. The optical and photoluminescence properties of the MgWO4 nanoparticles change appears to be strongly dependent on the calcining temperature and phase transition. The photoluminescence spectra show that a major emission band around 430 nm is observed when the excitation wavelength is 340 nm of the MgWO4 xerogel powders calcined at below 600 °C. The intensity of emission peak at 430 nm decreases with the decreasing of sintering temperature. In addition, a major emission band around 468 nm is observed when the excitation wavelength is 280 nm of the MgWO4 xerogel powders calcined at above 700 °C. The intensity of emission peak at 468 nm increases with the increasing of sintering temperature. The result confirmed that the anorthic MgWO4 no luminous for the first time. The photofluorescence enhancement of MgWO4 nanoparticles can be attributed to the type-I band alignment.