Fil: Brandoni, Diego. Provincia de Entre Rios. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia a la Produccion. Universidad Autonoma de Entre Rios. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia a la Produccion. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia a la Produccion; Argentina

The fossil record of terrestrial mammals in Antarctica is temporally and geographically constrained to the Eocene outcrops of La Meseta and Submeseta formations in Seymour (Marambio) Island in West Antarctica. The faunal assemblage indicates a clear South American imprint since all the groups have a close phylogenetic relationship with Cretaceous and Paleogene mammals from Patagonia. Despite the presence of several mammalian taxonomic groups: Dryolestida, Gondwanatheria, Eutheria and Metatheria, the presence of other major mammalian taxa should be expected and will probably be confirmed by new findings. Placental mammals with an inferred body mass between 10 to 400 kg in size, are represented by xenarthrans, and two groups of the so called South American native ungulates: Astrapotheria and Litopterna. The Metatheria are the smaller (less than 1 kg) and most abundant components of the fauna. Marsupials are represented by derorhynchid ameridelphians, several microbiotherian australidelphians (both microbiotheriids and woodburnodontids), and ?glasbiid prepidolopod and polydolopid polydolopimorphians. Plus, there are remains of several mammalian teeth of indeterminate phylogenetic affinities. The present knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere mammalian evolution and paleogeographic change through time, indicates that Antarctica played a major role for land mammals, at least since the Jurassic. The actual representation of Paleogene terrestrial mammals in Antarctica is most probably biased, as all the evidence indicates that australosphenidan mammals should be present in this continent since the Jurassic. Citation:Gelfo J N, Goin F J, Bauza N, et al. The fossil record of Antarctic land mammals: commented review and hypotheses for future research. Adv Polar Sci, 2019, 30(3): 274-292, doi: 10.13679/j.advps.2019.0021

Fil: Brandoni, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Provincia de Entre Rios. Universidad Autonoma de Entre Rios. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia a la Produccion. Laboratorio de Paleotologia de Vertebrados; Argentina

Despite great xenarthran biodiversity, the Paraguayan armadillos and anteaters have received little attention from biologists and few data have been published about the distribution and status of the species.Furthermore, errors and contradictions persist in the literature.This paper collates specimen and literature data about this group to act as a basis for the stimulation of future research.Xenarthran specimens in all the major Paraguayan collections and all significant specimens in international collections were examined.Specimen data were collated and supplemented with literature and photographic data.Distribution data are provided according to a hierarchy of record reliability including examined specimens, non-examined specimens, literature records, photographic records, and significant observations.Thirteen species (11 armadillos and two anteaters) are confirmed to be present in Paraguay.Relevant discussion and distribution maps are provided for each species.Specimens of both Dasypus septemcinctus septemcinc tus and D. s. hybridus were examined and their distribution is clarified.There is no evidence that Bradypus variegatus occurs in Paraguay.Most xenarthran specimens were collected at least 35 years ago, and the specimen record may no longer represent current distribution given the rapidly changing landscape in the country.It is concluded that available data on Paraguayan Xenarthra shows a heavy bias taxonomically towards a few species (Dasypus novemcinctus, Tolypeutes matacus, and Euphractus sexcinctus) and geographically towards the Chaco region.Distribution in the Oriental region is poorly understood, and species that are confined to that region are known from few specimens.The southern portion of the Oriental region has been virtually unsampled.

Hairy armadillos constitute an ecologically homogeneous and morphologically similar group with currently 5 species classified in the subfamily Euphractinae. Among them, the Andean hairy armadillo Chaetophractus nationi (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Dasypodidae) is a small, endangered armadillo that has long been suspected to represent a high-altitude variant of Chaetophractus vellerosus. Here, we report the 1st phylogenetic systematics assessment of hairy armadillos using morphological and molecular analyses of all described species with focus on the status of the Andean hairy armadillo. Multivariate analyses of shape variation based on 3-dimensional landmark coordinates of skulls allowed a clear differentiation of each species with the exception of C. vellerosus and C. nationi, within which only a latitudinal and/or altitudinal gradient in size was apparent. Moreover, analyses of mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) revealed a single C. nationi haplotype that appeared to be identical with a C. vellerosus haplotype from Argentina. Identical sequences in C. vellerosus and C. nationi were also observed for 3 of the 5 non-coding nuclear markers investigated. Based on these data, we propose that C. nationi should be considered as a synonym of C. vellerosus. However, this taxonomic change should not preclude the protection of the high-altitude Bolivian populations that are steadily declining because of their overexploitation for traditional purposes. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of euphractine armadillos based on a combination of 6 non-coding nuclear markers and 2 nuclear exons suggest the paraphyly of the genus Chaetophractus, with C. vellerosus being more closely related to Zaedyus pichiy than to C. villosus. Los armadillos peludos constituyen un grupo ecológicamente homogéneo y morfológicamente similar que actualmente consiste de 5 especies clasificadas en la subfamilia Euphractinae. Una de ellas, el quirquincho Andino Chaetophractus nationi (Xenarthra, Cingulata, Dasypodidae), es un pequeño armadillo amenazado de extinción del cual se ha sospechado durante mucho tiempo que representa una variedad de altitud de Chaetophractus vellerosus. Aquí reportamos la primera evaluación sistemática filogenética de armadillos peludos utilizando análisis morfológicos y moleculares de todas las especies descritas, poniendo un especial enfoque en el estado del quirquincho Andino. Los análisis multivariados de la forma basados en landmarks tridimensionales de cráneos, permitieron distinguir claramente las especies, con la excepción de C. vellerosus y C. nationi en los cuales sólo se halló un gradiente latitudinal y/o altitudinal en el tamaño. Además, los análisis de la región control del ADN mitocondrial (D-loop) mostraron un solo haplotipo de C. nationi, que fue idéntico a un haplotipo de C. vellerosus de Argentina. También se observaron secuencias idénticas para C. vellerosus y C. nationi en 3 de los 5 marcadores nucleares no codificantes analizados. A partir de estos resultados proponemos que C. nationi sea considerado sinónimo de C. vellerosus. Sin embargo, este cambio taxonómico no debe excluir la protección de las poblaciones altoandinas de Bolivia que están sufriendo una reducción continua debido a su sobreexplotación para fines tradicionales. Finalmente, los análisis filogenéticos de los armadillos eufractinos basados en una combinación de 6 marcadores nucleares no codificantes y 2 exones nucleares sugieren la parafilia del género Chaetophractus, Siendo C. vellerosus relacionado mas estrechamente con Zaedyus pichiy que con C. villosus.

Abstract. FAUNAL RECORD AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF THE LATE QUATERNARY, LA PAMPA PROVINCE, ARGENTINA. Fossil mammals from the Eastern sector of the Pampean Region (Argentina) provided the basis for the chronological and biostratigraphical continental scheme of the South American late Cenozoic. A new faunal assemblage from the Western area of the region (Santa Rosa, La Pampa Province) is presented along with the analysis of its sedimentary and stratigraphic context, and a paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The mammalian faunal assemblage is the largest and more diverse reported from a single locality in La Pampa province and is composed by Glyptodon clavipes Owen, Doedicurus sp. (Xenarthra, Cingulata), Megatherium americanum Cuvier, Glossotherium robustum (Owen), Scelidotherium sp. (Xenarthra, Folivora), Toxodon sp., (Notoungulata, Toxodontidae), Lama sp. (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), Equus (Amerhippus) sp. and Hippidion sp. (Perissodactyla, Equidae). The fossil bearing levels represent a fluvial-like channel environment that drained the rain water excess towards a nearby topographic depression (Laguna Don Tomás). According to the relative stratigraphic position in the sequence and the correlation with other localities of the region, the fossil bearing levels would have accumulated during the Late Pleistocene. Among taxa recovered at Sitio 1, Glyptodon clavipes, Megatherium americanum and Glossotherium robustum are characteristic species of the Bonaerian and Lujanian Stages-Ages, while Equus (Amerhippus) is an exclusive taxon of the Lujanian. Consequently, this new faunal assemblage is assignable to the Lujanian Stage-Age (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene). Its presence in the analyzed deposits confirms the chronology proposed from the bearing levels.

Kurzfassung In dieser Arbeit dokumentieren wir das sudlichste und vermutlich alteste Vorkommen des Tribus Neuryurini (Glyptodontidae). Das sudlichste Vorkommen dieses Tribus ausserhalb Patagoniens ist Neuryurus sp. aus Sedimenten Lujanianen Alters (Lujan Formation, spates Pleistozan bis fruhes Holozan) am Quequen Grande Fluss (Provinz Buenos Aires, Argentinien). Der erste und bisher einzige Nachweis der Gruppe aus Patagonien kam aus den oberen Schichten der Puerto Madryn Formation (Huayquerian SALMA, oberes Miozan) auf der Halbinsel Valdes (Provinz Chubut, Argentinien). Das neue, hier beschrieben und als Neuryurini indet. bestimmte Exemplar stammt von der Estancia La Peninsular (Provinz Santa Cruz, Argentinien). Geologische Untersuchungen ordnen diese Fundstelle in die Santa Cruz Formation ein (Santacrucian SALMA, spates Untermiozan), aber bisher wurden von hier keine Fossilien beschrieben. Somit reprasentiert das neue Exemplar, zusammen mit zwei bestatigten Vorkommen von Glyptodon Owen und Panochthus Burmeister (beide aus dem Quartar), die einzigen Glyptodontiden, die nicht zu den Propalaehoplophorinae gehoren, aus der Provinz Santa Cruz. The online version of the original article can be found under doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0083-8.

Megalonychidae are a group of Xenarthra known from the Deseadan SALMA of Argentina (Carlini and Scillato-Yane, 2004) and Bolivia (Pujos and De Iuliis, 2007) to the present, represented by the extan...

O registro fossil da familia Mylodontidae no sul do Brasil tem se mostrado abundante e inclui formas de tres generos da subfamilia Mylodontinae, Mylodon, Glossotherium e Lestodon e o Scelidotheriinae Catonyx. Neste trabalho, sao apresentados novos registros da subfamilia Scelidotheriinae, coletados em depositos fossiliferos da regiao costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. Os especimes consistem em um fragmento de dentario direito e outros quatro dentes isolados. E apresentada tambem uma descricao detalhada do unico registro de Catonyx para o Rio Grande do Sul, que consiste de um dentario direito quase completo. A ausencia de outros elementos associados e mais completos dificulta uma completa identificacao taxonomica do material. Os especimes, contudo, apresentam caracteres que possibilitam identifica-los ao genero Catonyx. Aqui, sao tentativamente classificados como C. cuvieri, com base na premissa de que este e o unico scelidoterineo valido ate o momento para o sul do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Xenarthra, Pilosa, Scelidotheriinae, Catonyx sp., Pleistoceno, Brasil.

FOSSIL MATERIAL OF PROPRAOPUS AMEGHINO, 1881 (MAMMALIA, XENARTHRA, CINGULATA) OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL Propraopus Ameghino, 1881 is a genus of Dasypodidae that was widely distributed during the Pleistocene times in South America. In Brazil it was recorded in many localities and distinct latitudes, between the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. This work discuss new materials of this taxon from the Late Pleistocene of the Rio Grande do Sul State, where they are recorded in places located since areas from the Atlantic Coast until those in the west, at the border with Argentina and Uruguay. The fossil material is composed of isolated osteoderms from both moveable and immoveable portions of carapace and their morphology resemble Propraopus grandis Ameghino, 1881, a typical species of the Pampean Region from Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. The record of P. grandis during all the Pleistocene in Pampean region, and its maintenance until the end of Pleistocene in southern Brazil, support the plasticity and the ecological and climatic tolerance of the species. The environmental conditions of the southern Brazil during the Late Pleistocene were more similar to that from the medium and high latitudes of South America than those existing in the tropical belts.

The topography of the hypophysis in the Xenarthra