Background Hypertension is known as a polygenic, multifactorial disease. There are several genes with several mutations each that have been identified as candidates. These include AGT, AT1R, REN (the gene for renin), and ACE, which are also drug targets for treating hypertension pharmaceutically. There is no data available on relationship between resistant hypertension and gene polymorphism in this part of the world. Methods Patients of age ≥18 years, of either sex, diagnosed to have essential hypertension as per the JNC VII criteria were enrolled in the study. For comparison healthy individuals of age ≥50 years, of either sex were enrolled. Subjects with secondary hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency were excluded from the study All selected subjects underwent a detailed physical and clinical evaluation including Hemogram, Renal Function Test, Lipid profile, Blood sugar, urine routine and microscopic examination, Chest X ray, ECG and genetic analysis. PCR-RFLP assays were carried out for the identification of polymorphisms in α-ADD1( Gly460Trp). Allele and genotype distribution in hypertensives was compared to controls according to sex, severity of hypertension (Stage 1{SBP140–159 or DBP 90–99 mm of Hg.) and Stage 2 {SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥100 mm of Hg.}). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for windows (Version 10). Results 129/105 hypertensives/controls were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. 48.06% hypertensives had positive family history of hypertension while 51.94% denied a family history of hypertension. No statistically significant association was observed between family history of hypertension and α-ADD1 (Gly460Trp) genotype distribution pattern (p > 0.05) among hypertensives. α-add1 (gly460trp) allele in hypertensives and controls-In hypertensives (n = 129) out of 258 alleles studied G/W alleles frequency was 216 (83.72%)/42 (16.28%),while in controls (n = 108) out of 216 alleles studied G/W alleles frequency was 193 (89.36%)/23 (10.64%). No statistically significant differences was observed in total allele frequency between hypertensive and control populations (p > 0.05), however allele frequency distribution was different between hypertensives and controls, as W allele was higher in hypertensives (16.27% Vs 10.64%). When comparison was done for distribution according for sex,G allele was most frequent in both groups in either sex, while W allele was higher in control males though both these observations were not significant (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in α-ADD1 (Gly460Trp) allele distribution pattern (p value > 0.05) among hypertensives between different stages of hypertension, however G allele was more frequent in both the stages (83.62% and 83.80%). The genotype prevalence for α-ADD1 (Gly460Trp) polymorphism in essential hypertensives and controls was also investigated. GG, GWand WW genotypes were present in 69.8%, 27.9% and 2.3% hypertensives respectively, while in controls GG and GW genotypes were 78.7% and 21.3% and WW genotype was not detected. No statistically significant differences was observed for genotype frequency between hypertensive and controls populations (p > 0.05). Distribution in males and females revealed that GG genotype was higher in hypertensives females (69.8%) and in control males (80.9%). Though no statistically significant difference was observed in α-ADD1 (Gly460Trp) genotype distribution pattern (p value > 0.05) according to severity of hypertension, GG genotype was higher in both the stages, WW genotype higher in stage I as compared to stage II hypertension. Conclusions Although substantial contribution has been made to unravel the path physiological mechanisms of hypertension, the molecular genetics of essential hypertension is still an intricate and mysterious field. Hypertension is familial and clustered in families, suggesting a role of genetic susceptibility in aetiology. Α-ADD1 (Gly460Trp) has emerged as an important candidate gene for further evaluation for a deep insight the pathogenesis and future development of vaccine for hypertension.