Wrong Terms Research Articles

PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURAL VALUES OF THE DESA DAYAK SUB-TRIBE IN SHIFTING AGRICULTURE

This research is motivated by the author's desire to describe the facts of shifting agriculture the Dayak Desa sub-tribe. Shifting agriculture is not just an activity of burning land, planting rice or harvesting. Shifting agriculture has spiritual values, culture, local wisdom and togetherness. Shifting agriculture is part of the belief that is manifested in the form of a farming ritual system. The purpose of this study is to describe shifting agriculture practices that have been carried out from generation to generation for hundreds of years. There are 9 (nine) stages of shifting agriculture starting from the beginning, namely slashing (manggul) to the end, namely harvesting (ngetaw) which should be carried out by cultivators of the Dayak Desa sub-tribe: 1). Manggul. 2). Nebash. 3). Nebang. 4. Ngeladaq (cleaning the edge of the field so that the fire cannot spread out of the field). 5). Nunu (to burn) . 6). Nayaq. 7). Nugal. 8). Ngemabaw (cleaning the field by pulling the grass). 9). Ngetaw (harvesting rice). Shifting agriculture in the Dayak Desa sub-tribe version has at least 10 cultural values. These values ​​are; Foraging for food, spirituality, togetherness, caring for the environment, local wisdom (cultivation), Ethics and Law, Joy and gratitude, New Year's Eve and property rights. Terminology in English that is used to designate the farming activities of the Dayak people and especially the Dayak Desa sub-tribe such as the word 'slash and burn' is inaccurate and can lead to misleading interpretations. The Dayak Desa sub-tribe community does not slash land and then burn it, it is true that there are slashing and burning activities in farming activities, but the term 'slash and burn' is not appropriate when used for farming activities. Slashing and burning activities can also be done without farming. The terms slashing and burning are wrong terms so that it can lead to a wrong understanding of farming activities. The English terminology that is closer to the fact of farming activity is 'Shifting Agriculture'

AN OPINION: WHAT AN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM IS IT?

Many controversial debates (including conferences, symposia and of of the same) are generated by misunderstanding of the concepts or, often, by associating wrong terms to the same concept. The sustainability science or the ecologic theory (more exactly, the theory on the ecological systems) is an (intellectual) crucial pillar to handle the current and future challenges regarding the non-anthropic and artefactual environment. The paper aims to put a (whatever small) brick to clarify the grounding concept of the ecological system, in order to prevent its inflationary and un-rigorous use in research and public policy. The basic contributions are: (a) identifying the sufficiency predicates to logically define the concept of ecological system, (b) the suggestion to approach the issue from a mix evolutionary perspective based on Lamarckian-Darwinian theories; (c) some opinions regarding the scientific utility of using such a clear, on logical bases, concept of ecological system (given the general concept of system).

The variant of efforts avoiding strain: successful correction of a scientific discourse related to COVID-19

This study focuses on how scientifically accurate information is disseminated through social media, and how misinformation can be corrected. We have identified examples on Twitter where scientific terms that have been widely misused have been rectified and replaced by scientifically accurate terms through the interaction of users. The results show that the percentage of accurate terms (“variant” or “COVID-19 variant”) being used instead of the inaccurate terms (“strain”) on Twitter has already increased since the end of December 2020. This was about a month before the release of an official statement by the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases regarding the accurate terminology, and the use of terms on social media was faster than it was in television. Some Twitter users who quickly started using the accurate term were more likely to retweet messages sent by leading influencers on Twitter, rather than messages sent by traditional media or portal sites. However, a few Twitter users continued to use wrong terms even after March 2021, even though the use of the accurate terms was widespread. This study empirically verified that self-correction occurs even on Twitter, and also suggested that influencers with expertise can influence the direction of public opinion on social media.

AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN WRITING THESIS ABSTRACT OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

The goal of this study was to identify the different kinds of errors that were made by English Education Department students at KH. A. Wahab Hasbullah University of Jombang when they were writing their thesis abstracts. It also sought to understand why these errors could happen. This study concentrated on the thesis abstracts written by English education department undergrads. This study employed a descriptive qualitative methodology. Thirty undergraduate thesis abstract texts released in 2022 served as the research's source of data. Collection, identification, description, explanation, and evaluation of errors were the steps in the error analysis process. The method of data analysis was developed based on Corder's work, which was cited in (Nurdin & Sri Hartati, 2019). According to the results, undergrad students' mistakes included adding words, using the wrong terms, capitalizing, omitting words, spelling, punctuating, using the wrong tenses, and misusing word forms. These errors can be made in a variety of ways depending on their kind, and they can also result from carelessness, inadequate grasp of English grammar and vocabulary, and inter- and intra-lingual interference.

Lexical Errors Produced by High And Low Proficiency Learners of Writing 2 Classes

This study was conducted to find out the types of lexical errors that high and low proficiency learners produced in their writing, and find the differences and similarities from the production of the two groups. To answer the research questions, the writers used the theory by James (2013) about lexical error classification. This study was a qualitative study. The sources of the data of this study were the lexical errors from 32 writing drafts. The writers divided the students into two groups: eight students from high proficiency level and eight students from low proficiency level. The findings showed that the high proficiency learners produced five types of formal errors and four types of semantic errors, while the low proficiency learners produced two types of formal errors and six types of semantic errors. In conclusion, the high and the low proficiency learners’ lexical error productions are due to the learners’ lack of knowledge in sense relation and collocation, and the learners’ wrong terms of near-synonyms production.Keywords: lexical errors, high proficiency learners, low proficiency learners, error analysis

Errors of Machine Translation of terminology in the patent text from English into Chinese

This paper summarizes eight types of error of terminology in the patent text in the output of Machine Translation from English into Chinese, including term being mistranslated as a verb, term being mistranslated as a common noun, term being redundantly translated, term being mistranslated as a homophone, term being mistranslated as a wrong term, term being mistranslated due to Chinese expression, term being mistranslated without initial, and term being mistranslated due to wrong acronym. These errors can be solved by the translator before Machine Translation and the translator can identify and correct these errors by pre-editing of the source text.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ В СВЯЗИ С ПОДГОТОВКОЙ НОВОЙ СЕМИТОМНОЙ ИСТОРИИ КАЗАХСКОГО НАРОДА

This article examines the unjustified use of some terms that distort historical realities and, to a certain extent, humiliate and insult the dignity of the Kazakh people. In this case, we are talking about the true meaning of the terms “nomad”, “steppe civilization” and other far-fetched concepts associated with the ethnic and racial genesis of the Kazakh people. The author expresses critical remarks about the ideas of some domestic historians that, contrary to the direct meaning of these terms, local inhabitants of Kazakhstan are credited with their own “nomadic” mode of economy, which includes, in addition to cattle breeding, also agriculture, trade, city building, etc. The author believes that such a multi-structured, multi-profile economy cannot be called “nomadic”. In addition, according to the author, to the local population, which for more than 50 centuries on the ancient ancestral Kazakh land, among other things, was also engaged in the extraction of metal ores and the manufacture of tools and jewelry from metals of a high technological level, the term “nomad”is also inapplicable. Only a complete misunderstanding of the term “civilization”, the meaning of which is associated with the purely man-made historical and cultural activities of many human generations, leads to the use of completely different criteria for assessing civilizational characteristics, which include various natural landscapes. There are no civilizations in the world that are typical for deserts, seas, mountains, which also applies to the steppes.The author believes that the time has come to abandon the wrong terms and concepts, to develop and substantiate new ones with a clear understanding that the Kazakh people and their ancestors are local inhabitants on the ancient ancestral Kazakh land with more than 50-century history.

Terminological Situation with the Name of the Language of the Mountain Jews

The article analyzes the difficult terminological situation with the name of the language of the Mountain Jews. In the article, the author gives different versions of the names of the language, existing in parallel, but in different areas. On the one hand, this is the ethnic name of the language - Juhuri, which is associated with the ethnonym Juhurho and is used by its speakers, the Mountain Jews, in their intra-ethnic communication. On the other hand, there is a second name of the same language – the Tat lan- guage and its modifications like Jewish-Tatian language (Judeo-Tat) etc. This name is currently used in scientific literature, in the state administrative “Nomenclature of the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation”, in the name of such phenomena of the verbal culture of the Mountain-Jewish people as literature and theater. The author states that the presence of two or more disparate and in no way related names of one language brings confusion into the self-identification of Mountain Jews, complicates the study of its ethnogenesis, interferes with the normal statistical records of native speakers and creates many other difficulties. And because of it the author calls for unifying the name of the language of the Mountain Jews at the legislative level. Such unification will help in rejecting the use wrong term “The Tat language”, which is currently used as official one, and which is treated as erroneous and unacceptable by the Mountain Jews themself. Instead of that name, the author proposes to introduce into the administrative nomenclature the ethnic name of the language of the Mountain Jews Juhuri, thereby giving it an official status. As a result of such a replacement, the language of Mountain Jews will get their own relevant official name, which until now their language did not have for a number of specific historical reasons mentioned in the article. And this, the author believes, will fundamentally change the difficult long-term terminological situation with the name of the native language of the Mountain Jews for the better and bring it into a natural and harmonious state, similar to how it is noted in the vast majority of the peoples of Russia and the world: one people of Juhurho - one correlation it is the name of the native language of Juhuri.

Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention: Wrong terms, aims, models and outcomes?

Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention: Wrong terms, aims, models and outcomes?

The Dangers of Counterfactual Causal Thinking about Detecting Racial Discrimination

The model of discrimination animating some of the most common approaches to detecting discrimination in both law and social science—the counterfactual causal model—is wrong. In that model, racial discrimination is detected by measuring the “treatment effect of race,” where the treatment is conceptualized as manipulating the raced status of otherwise identical units (e.g., a person, a neighborhood, a school). Most objections to talking about race as a cause in the counterfactual model have been raised in terms of manipulability. If we cannot manipulate a person’s race at the moment of a police stop, traffic encounter, or prosecutorial charging decision, then it is impossible to detect if the person’s race was the sole cause of an unfavorable outcome. But this debate has proceeded on the wrong terms. The counterfactual causal model of discrimination is not wrong because we can’t work around the practical limits of manipulation, as evidenced by both Eddie Murphy’s comic genius in the Saturday Night Live skit “White Like Me” and the entire genre of audit and correspondence studies. It is wrong because to fit the rigor of the counterfactual model of a clearly defined treatment on otherwise identical units, we must reduce race to only the signs of the category, meaning we must think race is skin color, or phenotype, or other ways we identify group status. And that is a concept mistake if one subscribes to a constructivist, as opposed to a biological or genetic, conception of race. The counterfactual causal model of discrimination is based on a flawed theory of what the category of race references, how it produces effects in the world, and what is meant when we say it is wrong to make decisions of import because of race. I argue that DISCRIMINATION is a thick ethical concept that at once describes and evaluates the actions to which it is applied, and therefore, we cannot detect actions as discriminatory by identifying a relation of counterfactual causality; we can only do so by reasoning about the action’s distinctive wrongfulness by referencing what constitutes the very categories that are the objects of concern. An adequate theory of discrimination must rest upon (1) an account of the system of social meanings or practices that constitute the categories at issue and (2) a moral theory of what is fair and just in various state and private arenas given what the categories are.

Communication Strategies Used by Students of English Conversation Club of Sragen Bilingual Boarding School

This study was aimed to find out the types of communication strategies used by the learners of one Bilingual Boarding School at Sragen year X and to figure out the most types used by the learners. The subject of the study was 20 members of ECC Students (English Conversation Club). Interview was conducted to collect art of in this research. The interview was used to help the researcher set the classroom with debate classroom, recorded, and then transcript the conversation. The researcher recorded the conversation. The result of the study shows that there are eleven types of communication strategies used by the learners; circumlocution, approximation, word coinage, code switching, use of nonlinguistic means, appeal for help, use of all-purpose words, using fillers, using wrong terms, self-correction, and repetition. Fillers, Circumlocution and Repetition are the strategies mostly used by the learners. Based on the result of the study, the researcher inferred that the learners of Sragen Bilingual Boarding School (SBBS) face difficulties in their communication. The higher number of learning using fillers, indicates that they hesitate too much in delivering their opinion. They are also nervous, afraid to make mistakes, and not confident enough to give their opinion.

Reproducibility needs clearer terminology, paper says

The term “reproducibility” has been used as a stand-in for a variety of problems: data openness, experimental design, statistical analysis, or corroborating studies, for example. That means researchers are often miscommunicating when they talk about reproducibility, according to a commentary in the journal Science Translational Medicine. Authors Steven N. Goodman, Daniele Fanelli, and John P. A. Ioannidis of Stanford University suggest that “reproducibility” might be the wrong term to reflect worries in the scientific community that research cannot be confirmed (2016 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5027). Instead, the community should refer to “cumulative evidence” or “truth” in science. The authors suggest that the term “reproducibility” should be broken into three areas. “Methods reproducibility” refers to using the exact procedures, data, and tools to achieve the same result. “Results reproducibility” is the ability to corroborate the results using similar methods. “Inferential reproducibility” is drawing...

Comment on “Analysing flow and heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid over a semi-infinite horizontal moving flat plate, IJNLM, 43 (2008) 772”

In this report we make corrections to a paper by Rafael Cortell (IJNLM, 43 (2008) 772). In this paper (IJNLM, 43 (2008) 772) the author considered an incorrect equation (by including a wrong term instead of correct term) for his considered flow and heat transfer problem and reported unrealistic results as a consequence. In this communication we have considered the correct equation (replacing the incorrect term by correct one) and solved it analytically. Our analysis shows that the unrealistic behavior as observed by Cortell (IJNLM, 43 (2008) 772) persists no more if one considers the correct term.

Analysis of Variance: What Is Your Statistical Software Actually Doing?

Users assume statistical software packages produce accurate results. In this article, the authors systematically examined Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Statistical Analysis System (SAS) for 3 analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs, mixed-effects ANOVA, fixed-effects analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and nested ANOVA. For each model, the authors examined 3 different data sets. With the mixed-effects design, results were always correct for SPSS syntax and SAS syntax. For SPSS point-and-click, the F and p values for the random-effect were always incorrect as the wrong error term is used. With the ANCOVA design, results varied both by software package and by type of sums of squares. With the nested design, the p values for the F and multiple comparison procedure did not agree for the nonnested factor in SPSS point-and-click. Recommendations were made regarding which package to use for each design.

Erratum

AIChE JournalVolume 55, Issue 7 p. 1915-1916 ErratumFree Access Erratum First published: 08 June 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.11885AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat For “Optimal Design of Batch-Storage Network Considering Exchange Rates and Taxes” by Yi and Reklaitis (DOI: 10.1002/aic.11161, pp. 1211–1231, May 2007), the authors request the following errata: We found wrong algebraic manipulations and typographical errors of the equations in this article. We summarize the correction table for Yi and Reklaitis1 in Table 1. We sincerely apologize to the readers for the inconvenience as authors. Table 1. Correction Table for Yi and Reklaitis1 Wrong Equation Wrong term Corrected term Eq. 12 Eq. 16 0 Eq. 25 Eq. 26 Eq. 31 Eq. 33 0 Eq. 34 Eq. 37 Numerator 0 Eq. 39 Eq. 39 Eq. 39 Eq. 39 Eq. 39 Eq. A3 Eq. A5 0 Literature Cited 1 Yi G,Reklaitis GV. Optimal design of batch-storage network considering exchange rates and taxes. AIChE J. 2007; 53: 1211– 1231. Volume55, Issue7July 2009Pages 1915-1916 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Think Local

Terrorism is the wrong term. War is the wrong metaphor. Iraq is the wrong war. That pretty much sums up how the fight against the Islamist jihadists who targeted America has gone awry in the five years since September 11, 2001 — a similar period of time in which the United States had mobilized from virtual scratch and defeated Germany and Japan in World War II.

A Note on the Concept of Risk Aversion in Safety Management

Many safety people use the term risk aversion as an argument for some specific decisions under uncertainty. The main purpose of this note is to draw attention to and discuss this practice. They are using the wrong term. Risk aversion is not reflecting what they would like to express. The main reason for investing in safety is not risk aversion, but the desire to protect some values in the face of uncertainties: the thinking is cautionary. Investment in safety is to reduce uncertainty and provide assurance if a hazardous situation should occur.

宮沢賢治―文学と地質学の異分野融合

Kenji Miyazawa is one of the most popular literary men in Japan. He was well grounded in geology because he was highly educated for geology. Therefore geological issues underwent a good infl uence on his literary productions. For example, he used colors of minerals to represent atmospheric phenomena such as colors of sky, cloud, mist, sunshine etc. However, the past annotations for technical terms of geology in Kenji's literary works are much doubtful from the viewpoint of geologists. I, a geologist, would like to introduce some examples of the investigation about his intended discrepancy between strict description of geological terms and literary expressions. 1. Kenji ventured to adopt technical terms which were not always ordinary in even his days. For example, he used the term“ gastaldite” , blue-colored minerals to express blue ship beacons. But in general“ glaucophane” is used. Kenji used the former in order to make rhythm“ da-da-da” in his poem. 2. Kenji also adopted wrong technical terms purposely. For example, he used“ dihexagonal pyramid” as a crystal form of quartz. He said it is originated from high quartz in rhyolite or dacite, therefore they must be“ hexagonal bipyramid”. Of course he understood the difference between them, however he adopted the former wrong terms purposely because the former term is more beautiful in Japanese linguistic sense. 3. Special pronunciations of technical terms peculiar to Kenji were used. For example, he read Lepidodendron, a plant fossil as“ Rinboku” in Japanese. Today“ Rinboku” is common pronunciation, however it was named“ Urokogi” originally as Japanese name, therefore the latter was also common in Kenji's days.

The Trouble with Preservation, or, Getting Back to the Wrong Term for Wilderness Protection: A Case Study at Point Reyes National Seashore

How “untrammeled” must a wilderness be at the time it is designated as such? Should the intent behind designating wilderness areas be to protect existing areas that meet the official definition, or to create new ones through management actions? This question is explored by looking at the historical evolution of the Philip Burton Wilderness Area in Point Reyes National Seashore, which gradually has been transformed from a dairy ranching landscape to an apparently pristine wilderness. In the process, the history of human habitation and use of the area has been downplayed or overlooked. This case raises questions about the interplay between considerations of ecological functioning, recreation demands, and simple aesthetics in defining managed wilderness. It also suggests that new terminology for wilderness protection that differentiates between varying degrees of previous human use could help to avoid the erasure of history from preserved natural areas.

Environmentalists, Nuclear Waste, and the Politics of Passive Exclusion in Germany

In this essay I examine the dispute between the German GreenParty and some of the country’s environmental nongovernmentalorganizations (NGOs) over the March 2001 renewal of rail shipmentsof highly radioactive wastes to Gorleben. My purpose indoing so is to test John Dryzek’s 1996 claim that environmentalistsought to beware of what they wish for concerning inclusion in theliberal democratic state. Inclusion on the wrong terms, arguesDryzek, may prove detrimental to the goals of greening and democratizingpublic policy because such inclusion may compromise thesurvival of a green public sphere that is vital to both. Prospects forecological democracy, understood in terms of strong ecologicalmodernization here, depend on historically conditioned relationshipsbetween the state and the environmental movement that fosterthe emergence and persistence over time of such a public sphere.