Writings Of Writers Research Articles

The journey to the end of the world under the sign of reconciliation with oneself and the world

The novella Cînd Nu mai ai pe Cine să Îmbrățișezi [When you have no one to hug], by Răzvan Brudiu, offers a wild and isolated image of a hamlet in the Apuseni Mountains, where old Joseph lives in solitude, strengthened by the power of faith, waiting for the last road to eternity. In the volume we can identify a dialogical construction on the waiting theme, under the sign of silence. If Joseph speaks, it is to banish loneliness, as rarely does anyone cross his threshold, so that in the narrative ego his words and gestures provoke deep meditations on existence. The profile of the central hero is gradually built up through simplicity, modesty, and natural gestures, contrasting with the erudition of the theologian who constantly feels the need to refer to various passages in the Bible, to church events and services, to quotations from the writings of saints or famous writers, etc. Two different worlds emerge from the dialogue between the two protagonists, that of the city, where life is full of daily hassles and worries, where people judge things with a ‘correct’ mind, and the world of old Joseph, for whom time has already become ‘eternity’. These worlds, symbolically confronted, generate meaningful images. The 90-year-old man serenely looks towards death, aware that he does not have much more to expect from life and wishing to be reunited with his wife. He leads a simple life, but his prayer, uttered without worrying about tomorrow, generates in his heart love and longing for the Creator. For him, the end of the world is, in fact, the meeting with God, and everything he does since his wife’s death is a preparation for reaching the final goal, thus becoming an example for everyone who believes in eternal life.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE MYTHICAL PATTERNS IN ULYSSES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ARCHETYPE THEORY

As one of the important creative themes of modern literature, mythology is constantly reiterated in the writings of modern writers. Through retelling, we can travel through the time tunnel and feel the poetic wisdom of our ancestors. The inherent characteristic of myth is symbolism, and at the same time, it has strong metaphor and inclusiveness, which has opened up an almost infinite space of meaning for modern writers. Mythology provides rich prototype resources for the plot structure framework of narrative works, and expresses the writer's unique creative perspective and aesthetic awareness. James Joyce was an outstanding modern novelist in the West in the 20th century, and he created unique mythological novels. Ulysses adopts the mythological prototype structure and uses the theme of the ancient hero Odysseus returning home, echoing the deep meaning of modern people's search for a spiritual home. This paper uses the theory of myth-prototype criticism and combines the theory of collective unconsciousness to explore the creation mode of Ulysses from the perspective of mythic archetype criticism, to explain how ancient myths and modern writers have a spiritual fit, and to further feel the uniqueness of Joyce's novels. Some artistic charm and the practical significance brought by Ulysses. Our era needs the spirit of exploration and courage left over from the early days of human society, and the connotation of archetypal criticism has positive ideological value to this day.

論朝鮮詩人金麟厚漢詩中陶淵明意象

If you look at the writings of writers of the Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty, you can easily find a cool Hwadoshi in the poem of Do Yeon-myeong. Kim In-hoo, a 16th-century Joseon writer, did not create such a Hwadoshi, but read Doyeon Myung's poems and assimilated them to create poems by borrowing poetry or images from Doyeon Myung's literary works. First, Kim In-hoo expressed his desire to gain freedom and satisfaction while living a life united with nature using the image of “Gwitaek” among Do Yeon-myeong's literary works in poetry. Next, Kim In-hoo cited the image of the “historical biography” of Doyeon Myung literature in the poem to express an accurate opinion on historical events or characters, and expressed his deep feelings accordingly, sometimes expressing anger. Finally, Kim In-hoo also created a poem using the image of “Ju” among the literary works of Doyeon Myung to soothe frustration and anger felt in reality by drinking alcohol. In this way, Nujeongsi, written by Kim In-hoo, can be seen as expanding its category by citing Do Yeon-myeong's poetic image and poetry, and it is considered that Kim In-hoo's unique aesthetic atmosphere and his own unique experience of life are added to it. It is similar to Do Yeon-myeong's work in that he expresses his perspective and enlightenment in a plain tone, but there is a difference in that his attitude toward life and his view of alcohol have reached a deep level of thought unlike Do Yeon-myeong.

Green Romanticism?: Exhibiting the Ecocritical Approach in Binoy Majumdar’s Poems

Green romanticism is a term that focuses on the symmetry and interconnectedness of both human and non-human entities. It is interested in re-reading and re-evaluating the writings of romantic writers using an ecocritical approach with an enlightened perception of the features of the ecosphere. The concept and ideas of green romanticism can be found in both western and eastern romantic poets. Binoy Majumdar (1934-2006) is considered the fallen star who has changed the “chaka” (wheel) of contemporary Bengali poetry with the use of scientific and ecological avant-garde symbols and metaphors. He considers nature as equal to a human being and incorporates both real “Nature” and physical “nature” into his works to create a “Body-ecology-text” nexus. This research paper examines the intrinsic green romanticism theme in Binoy Majumdar's poems and how it manifests itself.

From Exile to a Global Citizen

In ancient Greek literature and Indian epics, Mahabharata and Ramayana, exile or banishment is depicted as a punishment meted out for sins and crimes committed by humans, whether knowingly or unknowingly. Gradually, from individual/ group punishment, exile evolved into mass exodus resulting from war, conquests and other conflicts. All forms of exiles suffer from the pain and sorrow of leaving behind one’s homeland and belongings. Consequently, the literature produced by exiled poets and writers are filled with nostalgia and agonizing memories. However, over the years, other concerns related to their new lives gain prominence in their writings. This paper attempts to trace the journey of exiles from the past to the present and move towards the future in the writings of diasporic writers of different decades. This paper will focus on the works of V.S. Naipaul, Monica Ali, Zia Haider Rahman and Tarfia Faizullah to discover the newer trends emerging in their texts. V.S. Naipaul’s A House for Mr Biswas (1961) is the epitome of the diasporic writer’s attempt to understand his past in relation to his present. The ownership of a house in the new country is like staking a claim to belong to that country, and Mr. Biswas is desperate to do so. On the other hand, Monical Ali’s Brick Lane, published at the turn of the century, deals with a husband and wife negotiating the difficulties of belonging to a new society. Zia Haider Rahman and Tarfia Faizullah belong to the next group of diaspora writers, who are second generation immigrants growing up in a new land no longer ‘foreign’ to them. The protagonist of Rahman’s novel in The Light of What We Know (2014) successfully confronts problems and complications to ‘belong’ and ‘become’ a British citizen. Tarfia Faizullah, a young Bangladeshi-American poet, uses the history of the War of Independence of Bangladesh to align it with other similar universal discourse of genocide. It appears that figuratively, the exiled writer has now arrived at an acceptable point where s/he is flying out as a global citizen. This transformation of diasporic writers from the periphery to the centre as globally read figures has given rise to the concept of transnationalism. Spectrum, Volume 17, June 2022: 1-11

Linguistic (Im)mobility and the Transformation of Korean Language in Ch’ae Mansik’s Late Colonial Literature

Abstract This article examines translingual literary circulations through close readings of Ch’ae Mansik’s Korean-language writings from the early 1940s. While a growing number of recent publications have approached late colonial literature through the lens of transnational movement, the primary focus of this emerging body of scholarship has been the Japanese-language writings of Korean writers. Instead of relegating the Korean language of this time to a position of self-evident immobility, this article shows how colonial writings that were never translated into, nor written in, the imperial language reveal indelible marks of border crossings across distances and languages. Ch’ae’s Korean-language texts resist the linguistic hegemony of the Japanese empire not by refusing change or insisting on linguistic purity but by providing testimony of the various ways the Korean language itself was transformed under the demands of the wartime Japanese empire. Countering the idea that automatically equates translation and other forms of transcultural travel to increased heterogeneity, Ch’ae’s writings also show how the wartime instrumentalization of literature as carriers of meaning across greater geographical and cultural distances led to a stripping down of the existing plurality and materiality of sound within the Korean language.

On the Use of Hedges and Boosters in Different Sections of Research Articles Published in National and International Journals

This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of the use of hedges and boosters in academic writings of both Farsi and English writers. To do so, 200 articles from four qualified journals were selected to create four different corpora. The corpora were then analyzed for the presence of hedges and boosters completely, using Ant Conc analyzer free ware. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests helped us to discuss the findings. The findings suggested that Iranian native writers made less use of hedges in their writings compared to English native writers, which means that nonnative writers are less conservative in claiming their results. The results of the chi square test showed that the difference between Persian and English writers was significant. The pattern of using hedges and boosters in different parts of the articles is also different. The results and discussion sections of the articles had the highest frequency of the presence of hedges and boosters, and the methodology section had the least frequency. The results of this study can help material developers for graduate and post graduate courses or course designers to focus more on the pragmatic part of language teaching. Nonnative writers want to publish their articles in prestigious journals in order to reach academic identity, so the results of this study can help them to learn the pattern of writings in English. Language teachers can stress this cross-cultural difference in their classes to increase the level of self-confidence of their students and help them to clarify their points while communicating, without becoming disappointed. Keywords: Discourse, Discourse markers, Hedges, Boosters, Research papers, Academic writing.

Conciseness and Persuasion in Academic Writings of Native and Non-native Writers: A Comparative Grammatical Metaphor Analysis

Conciseness and Persuasion in Academic Writings of Native and Non-native Writers: A Comparative Grammatical Metaphor Analysis

Systematic Objectification of Eastern Women in Western Society: A Case Study of ‘The Optimist’ by Bina Shah

Patriarchy is deeply rooted in all societies of the world and many sociological, political and religious reasons are behind this ideology. This was not highlighted by western writers in the past but it exists in the western modern world is also as presented by Loius Tyson (2006). He has claimed that women are kept oppressed economically, politically, socially and psychologically by patriarchy, moreover, women are considered as the ‘other’, therefore objectified and marginalized. The writings of eastern writers like the short story ‘The Optimist’ written by Bina Shah verifies the claims of Tyson. The narrated story proves that oppression of women is not the issue of eastern western society but it is a universal problem that has strong roots in the societies of the men dominating societies. Pakistani writers have always tried to expose such ideologies through their writings, which allegedly justify the dominance of men over women. Human relations are reciprocal and cannot be directed from one side. The approach employed is qualitative with techniques of textual and thematic analysis keeping claims in mind, presented by Lois Tyson in his book Critical Theory Today. It was found, through the analysis of the story, that women are oppressed economically, politically, socially, and psychologically and they are treated as the ‘other’: objectified and marginalized, by men not only in the east but all over the world. However, the element of ‘revolt against biased ideologies’ is also very significant through the rebellious behavior of the character and emphasizes bringing change in the societies.

Systematic Objectification of Eastern Women in Western Society A Case Study of ‘The Optimist’ by Bina Shah

Patriarchy is deeply rooted in all societies of the world and many sociological, political and religious reasons are behind this ideology. This was not highlighted by western writers in the past but it exists in the western modern world is also as presented by Loius Tyson (2006). He has claimed that women are kept oppressed economically, politically, socially and psychologically by patriarchy, moreover, women are considered as the ‘other’, therefore objectified and marginalized. The writings of eastern writers like the short story ‘The Optimist’ written by Bina Shah verifies the claims of Tyson. The narrated story proves that oppression of women is not the issue of eastern western society but it is a universal problem that has strong roots in the societies of the men dominating societies. Pakistani writers have always tried to expose such ideologies through their writings, which allegedly justify the dominance of men over women. Human relations are reciprocal and cannot be directed from one side. The approach employed is qualitative with techniques of textual and thematic analysis keeping claims in mind, presented by Lois Tyson in his book Critical Theory Today. It was found, through the analysis of the story, that women are oppressed economically, politically, socially, and psychologically and they are treated as the ‘other’: objectified and marginalized, by men not only in the east but all over the world. However, the element of ‘revolt against biased ideologies’ is also very significant through the rebellious behavior of the character and emphasizes bringing change in the societies.

Premchand’s The Chess Players: A Comparative Analysis of YouTube and MOOC Platforms

YouTube videos are being increasingly viewed as alternate educational resources by a large number of learners. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) also include video lectures from scholars of high-profile universities. This paper aims to give an insight into the question of whether just consuming videos on YouTube is enough to ensure proper learning or hour-long MOOC lectures are necessary to comprehend the nuanced and layered writings of great writers like Mushi Premchand. It presents a comparative analysis of a few video lectures of three Swayam MOOC courses on Premchand’s short story, The Chess Players, along with its various mass-market multimedia renderings on YouTube. While such popular renditions ensure a wide currency for the story, the academic discourse has critically analysed the story in terms of its narrative structure and its gendered power structure. This paper explores whether such analyses are inherently closer to the underlying message of the story. It also examines whether the YouTube videos can make up for a close reading of the text itself. It concludes that Premchand may best be understood in the original Hindi text, then consumed critically through MOOCs, and only much later, should he be watched on YouTube, if necessary.

INSIGHTS OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN WRITERS INTO THE FAMILY CONCEPT AND GENDER ISSUES IN ALBANIA IN THE 1920s AND 1930s

The Albanian reality of the first half of the 20th century was very intriguing for foreigners who visited it at that time. Trying to understand the unusual circumstances, most of the visitors dared to grasp a sense of truth in Albanian life. Then, they did not hesitate to share it in various publication forms. The writings describe in detail many life aspects: the way geography had shaped the Albanian character, social and religious relations, linguistic peculiarities, economic developments, governmental enterprises, and foreign relations. The approach in which these aspects are outlined defines reliable literary resources for further studies from a modern perspective. This article focuses on the concept of the Albanian family and gender issues of the time. The article aims at throwing light on the Albanian conception of these two elements, by reviewing writings of British and American writers on Albanian family relations, the way they were reflected in gender issues, the relationship between generations, and fanatic bindings. Their description is so carefully handled by every writer, that for the non-Albanian reader it becomes clear why the terms shtëpi (house/household) and familje (family) were essentially different from the European understanding of both concepts.

Diaspora and Identity Construction: Memory Writing in Voyage in the Dark

Memory is the reflection of real-life situation and can present a sense of self and identity, which has always been an unavoidable element in the writings of diasporic writers. Taking the memory writing in Jane Rhys’ Voyage in the Dark as the entry point, this paper attempts to interpret the memory writings that appear in Voyage in the Dark by combining with cultural memory, landscape memory, and identity theory. By writing about the heroine Anna Morgan’s memories about the West Indies, Rhys analyzes how Anna tries to pursue her self-identity and the awakeness of herself. By walking through the two scenes and cultures and living in the gap between the two cultures, Anna tries to establish her identity and pursue a sense of belongings, looking for a spiritual homeland. Rhys uses modernist writing skills such as stream of consciousness and multiple spatial juxtaposition to make a memory writing in her novel, expressing the subversion of white Creole women to colonial discourse and the identification and construction of self-identity.

A Non-Orientalist Representation of Pakistan in Contemporary Western Travelogues

Travel writings by Western visitors of the Orient have often been rebuffed for disseminating a stereotypical discourse on the people and the culture of the East. The rationale for the collective dismissal of such narratives, however, is built upon a limited canon whose myopic perspective creates a monolithic Orient. It is argued that since this dominant discourse leaves nearly no room for non-conformism, it has conveniently overlooked a large body of travel writings of western writers that adopt a non-Orientalist approach to appreciate cultural differences. To pursue this argument, the present study aims to explore Jürgen Wasim Frembgen’s At the Shrine of the Red Sufi: Five Days & Nights on Pilgrimage in Pakistan (2011) to examine how the autobiographical narrator’s travel accounts present an alternative narrative about the East that subverts prevailing discourses on travelogues as apparatuses to reinforce colonial/Western norms. To achieve this goal, the study benefits from Debbie Lisle’s (2006) theories on the cosmopolitan vision of a travel writer as well as Edward Said’s (1978) theory of Orientalism. Frembgen’s cosmopolitan vision throughout the narrative neutralizes negative perceptions about Muslim communities in Pakistan as uncultivated and declining by offering a counter view of the country that underscores its vibrant and positively transformative qualities. The celebration of Eastern culture and religion in Frembgen’s travel writing indicates the need for the re-examination of the Orientalist thought that has, wittingly or unwittingly, dismissed a significant segment of western works about the east in order to legitimize its theoretical and hypothetical cases.

Molière dans les dictionnaires de littérature française Moliere in the dictionaries of French literature

Molière is considered the most famous genius of French theater and of French comedy in particular. Nothing predisposed Jean-Baptiste Poquelin to become a man of the theater: neither his birth in 1622 into a bourgeois family, whose father held the office of upholsterer to the king; nor his studies at the Jesuit college, then law in Orleans, if not the eagerness and enthusiasm he has for this literary genre. At a time dominated by religious fanaticism and marked by the classical order, Moliere wanted to immerse his audience in entertainment and laughter. Among his priorities was to create a balance between the pressures of life and what the human soul needs. Indeed, with his ingenuity and wit, Moliere managed to win the appeal and support of the public by addressing the fundamental problems of society and trying to criticize them with a reformist ideology.
 Founder of «The Illustrious Theater", Moliere distinguished himself by his prolific theatrical production. He wrote more than thirty comic plays, the most famous of which are: Tartuffe, The Miser, The doctor despite Himself, The Misanthrope, Wise women, Dom Juan and The imaginary sick. He was the writer closest to King Louis XIV.
 Our study is based on the receptive approach, which is part of the trinity: the writer, the literary work and the reader. The receiving relationship is direct with the reader. When the writer finishes his book and publishes it, this process is equivalent to the loss of the work, that is to say, the book leaves the private and enters the social domain. Thus, it will be exposed to many different readings and subjected to varied, even sometimes contradictory points of view. In this case, the role of the reader is essential and sometimes goes beyond that of the writer: the writer writes, but the reception of what he writes varies from one reading to another and from one era to another.
 The research problem calls for an answer to the reception of Moliere in dictionaries of French literature and to the reasons for his worldwide fame from the point of view of article writers.
 This study is divided into three parts. The first studies the reasons for the theatrical debut of Moliere, who hoped to become a famous lawyer or succeed his father in the profession of upholsterer. The second deals with the characteristics of Moliere's comedy, its most striking themes and the characters in its plays. While the third sheds light on the reasons for Moliere's fame and universality.
 The results of the study show that Moliere's fame comes mainly from his strong attachment to the theater, so his fame came from his love and affection for the theater. The subjects he covered, the characters and the tongue-in-cheek style played an important role in his worldwide fame. His goal of reforming his society came to justify his means of expression.
 This study, “The reception of Moliere in dictionaries of French literature”, is considered the preliminary to a second study dealing with the reception of Moliere in Arabic dictionaries and encyclopedias.

Forming A Destination Image from Travel Writers’ Perspective

This study was an attempt to analyze destination image through the writings of travel writers who have undergone Familiarization or FAM programs organized by Tourism Malaysia. The idea behind the FAM program is for the writers to experience first-hand specific destinations in Malaysia and express their experiences through article writings. The most important tool that the writers need is an endorsed information. Valid information would be a source to write interesting articles. The data in the form of the travel articles (FAM articles) were collected with the assistance of Tourism Malaysia based on the suggested criteria The articles that we used in this research was back in 2010. Since then, there is little research being done using this type of articles. This study aims to determine what are the focus of attraction at the destinations described by FAM writers. It also aims to interpret and assign conceptualization image as per their descriptions thereof. The study uses qualitative methods of content analysis and adapts the coding procedures of open, axial and selective codding from the grounded theory approach. This study analyses and interprets selected travel articles written by FAM writers. FAM articles were collected for analysis. This study addresses the gaps between destination image theories and the depiction of such destination image by travel writers. It is postulated that writers envisage the perception of the destination and therefore enhance the understanding of destination image through their writings. Although the present depiction of destination image is very much relevant within most tourism contexts, what is perhaps not considered precisely is whether such interpretation still holds when the image is derived merely from textual data as they are interpreted by FAM writers. These writers provide the linkage between the destinations and the potential tourists. How they write, what they write, and their expressions of the destinations will influence potential tourists to visit.

Engaging Decolonisation: Migration, Memory and Trauma in Contemporary African Literature

The subject of decolonisation has been engaged by scholars such as Chinweizu (1987) and Ngugi (1986). However, this research centres around the contributions of contemporary African writers by interrogating the subjects of trauma, memory and migration in African literature. It analyses the transition of trauma from the colonial period till now using contemporary literary text. This discourse also examines the issues arising from migration in the writings of migrant writers. Further, the essay elucidates the issue of collective memory in African literature. It probes the effect of colonialism on the lives of Africans and their response to its trauma throughout history. It concludes by identifying the strategies employed by contemporary African writers in their works to decolonise the African mind and the inherent deficiencies.

My Adlerian Awakening: Writers Write What They Know

The author relates how the writing of a play led him to discover Adlerian psychology, earn his doctorate in clinical psychology, and guided his founding of the What’s the Story? Lifestyle Narratives Study Group. This affiliate organization of the North American Society of Adlerian Psychology promotes group interpretation of lifestyles by utilizing the methods the Great Books Foundation endorses to interpret and better understand a literary text.

Patriarchy and Inequality in Bharti Kirchner’s Sharmila’s Book and Pastries: A Novel of Desserts and Discoveries

Literature produced by men was a prejudiced one and focused mainly on the might of men and feebleness of female members. This was resisted by women writers and they started shattering the prejudiced views of men and gave a proper solution to it. Moreover, they violated the sanctities of women as mere service renders and broke the stereotyped images of women as the classical Sita or Kannagi who were projected as submissive partners having no identity of their own. It is only through the writings of women writers, the real identity of the women was recognized and they became equal partners at home and in the society. This awakening was highly instrumental in turning the dark pages of the history of literature and spread brightness and happiness everywhere. At present, gender inequality has gained global attraction and this has resulted in the production of vast literature.

Medhātithi Gautama Pendiri Ānvīkṣikī Par Excellence

Medhātithi Gautama is the Founder of Ānvīkṣikī par excellence. Gautama is believed to have written the Nyāya-Sūtra (Rules of Logic) in 550 BC, which are considered the earliest writings of the Indian system of logic. Ānvīkṣikī is the science of critical study, reasoning, and debate that has developed since ancient times in the building of Vedic knowledge. Ānvīkṣikī as a light of knowledge, support for dharma, and even as a means of liberation. Medhātithi Gautama has constructed Indian logic's structure, inherited and developed by later thinkers, with many written works. Today, Ānvīkṣikī's knowledge can be traced to the writings of Mahamahopadhyaya Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana (1920) and other writers, albeit in limited numbers. While in Indonesian, this article is a pioneer of Medhātithi Gautama's work and thoughts in Hindu logic. This article is a text study, using content analysis, providing new interpretations and meanings. The author integrates his text research style with new techniques in Hindu writing from Mīmāṃsā to Navya-Nyāya styles to obtain fresh and new perspectives and thoughts. This study shows that Ānvīkṣikī is a significant subject in Hindu philosophy and has the potential to become a new field of research in the realm of philosophy in Indonesia. The limited access to reading sources and research results in Indonesia seem to make the study of Hindu philosophy have not experienced much development in recent years. Therefore, efforts are needed to study classical texts and teachings so that they can be written and interpreted to be used as a basis for learning various sub-fields of philosophy. Besides, learning Ānvīkṣikī will strengthen reasoning power, critical thinking skills, debate, and discussion. This ability seems very important to be developed to strengthen the position of Hindu scholarship and build a group of Jñānī (scientists, thinkers, writers, One who pursues the path of jñāna, or knowledge) in the Hindu community.