Woven Metal Wire Research Articles

Specularly-Reflected Wave Guidance of Terahertz Plasmonic Metamaterial Based on the Metal-Wire-Woven Hole Arrays: Functional Design and Application of Transmission Spectral Dips.

Terahertz (THz) plasmonic metamaterial, based on a metal-wire-woven hole array (MWW-HA), is investigated for the distinct power depletion in the transmittance spectrum of 0.1-2 THz, including the reflected waves from metal holes and woven metal wires. Woven metal wires have four orders of power depletion, which perform sharp dips in a transmittance spectrum. However, only the first-order dip at the metal-hole-reflection band dominates specular reflection with a phase retardation of approximately π. The optical path length and metal surface conductivity are modified to study MWW-HA specular reflection. This experimental modification shows that the first order of MWW-HA power depletion is sustainable and sensitively correlated with a bending angle of the woven metal wire. Specularly reflected THz waves are successfully presented in hollow-core pipe wave guidance specified from MWW-HA pipe wall reflectivity.

Leveraging Solidification Dynamics to Design Robust Ice-Shedding Surfaces.

The adhesion of ice to external surfaces is an important challenge in many industries. This has sparked much research into fabricating surfaces with low ice adhesion strengths. Our novel approach to designing ice-shedding surfaces leverages the dynamics of water solidification to induce beneficial stress concentrations throughout the iced interface. We have chosen a bare woven metal wire cloth substrate to demonstrate these principles. The pore geometries of the wire cloths lead to stress concentrations upon freezing and expansion of the water/ice, while their microstructural topography allows for facile crack opening. We have discovered that by leveraging knowledge of the underlying physical processes involved in ice formation and delamination, we can engineer a robust metal surface to have an extremely low ice adhesion strength (12.5 kPa) without using chemical coatings.

Highly Transparent and Polarization-Maintained Terahertz Plasmonic Metamaterials Based on Metal-Wire-Woven Hole Arrays: Fundamentals and Characterization of Transmission Spectral Peaks.

Metal-hole-supported terahertz (THz) waves through the structure of a metal-wire-woven hole array (MWW-HA) present high-frequency-passed transmittance spectra of one plasmonic metamaterial with artificial plasmonic frequencies, which are inversely proportional to metal-hole widths. For the transmitted THz waves of MWW-HA, transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) waveguide modes mix within a symmetric metal-hole boundary. THz resonance waves transversely crossing the holes of MWW-HA are experimentally characterized with spectral peaks in the frequency range of 0.1–2 THz that are correlated with aperture sizes, unit-cell-hole widths, metal-wire thicknesses, and wire-bending angles. The metal-hole-transported resonance waves of MWW-HA are dominated by TE waveguide modes instead of TM ones because a hole width of MWW-HA is approximate to the half wavelength of a resonance wave. The round metal edges of the woven metal wires can minimize the effective optical length of a thick metal hole to transmit THz resonance waves, thereby resulting the smallest rotation angle of linear polarization and high transmittance up to 0.94. An MWW-HA structure is therefore reliable for supporting metal-hole resonance waves with low resistance, whereas a metal-slab-perforated hole array cannot achieve the same result.

Experimental and CFD investigation of heat transfer and flow resistance in woven wire gauzes

In this work, an experimental setup is established to investigate the heat transfer and flow resistance of wire gauzes. Five woven metal sheets of plain-square type differing in wires diameter and mesh size is tested. Based on the measured heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of wire gauzes, the empirical equations of friction and transfer characteristics of plain-square-type woven sheets are developed. All experimental data lie within 7.16 % and 18.3 % of the empirical equations describing heat transfer and flow resistance, respectively. In order to obtain better agreement between the fitted empirical equation and measured data for flow resistance, three empirical equations respectively for wire gauzes are developed. Experimental measurements are used to supply appropriate boundary conditions for the simulations of the fluid flow and heat transfer within wire gauzes by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A good agreement between numerical results and experimental data is found, thus confirming that a simple CFD model can be a powerful and cheap tool, able to efficiently evaluate the pressure drop and heat transfer of woven metal wire gauzes. Finally, the woven metal wire gauzes are compared with packed bed and monolith in terms of flow resistance and heat transfer.

A braided stent becomes flattened inside a curved catheter tube: A micro-CT imaging study.

The braided stent is a widely accepted endovascular treatment device consisting of woven metal wires. One of the unsolved issues for the braided stent is the stent flattening phenomena when deployed into highly curved arteries. Although a recent computational study highlighted that the mechanical state of the stent inside the catheter before the deployment plays an essential role in causing stent flattening, there is no experimental observation for the stent inside the curved catheter. We investigated braided stent shapes in curved catheter tubes with various curvatures by micro-computed tomography (CT). A braided stent was deployed into catheter tubes and set in rectangular cases with constant curvature. The three-dimensional shape of the stent was imaged by micro-CT, and its cross-sectional flatness was quantitatively assessed. Stent flattening occurred in cases of high curvatures of the outer side of the tube curvature, and the degree of flatness increased with increasing tube curvature. This demonstrates that stent flattening can be caused inside the highly curved catheter before deployment. This preliminary and first observational report provides new insight into the mechanism of stent flattening and emphasizes the importance of the geometrical and mechanical state of the stent inside the catheter.

Application of a novel woven metal wire tool with electrodeposited diamond grains for carbon fiber reinforced plastics core drilling

Drilling into carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) with conventional tools often results in defects like delamination, fiber pull-out, etc. In order to achieve high-quality CFRP hole machining, we developed a new woven metal wire tool (WMW tool) based on core drilling, with electrodeposited diamond grains. Using this tool, we conducted 20-mm diameter core drilling on a CFRP plate with grinding fluid supplied from the inner side of the WMW tool at the grinding point. The new tool also removes chips easily. The method produced high-quality holes without delamination or burr at the entry or exit at a practical feed rate of 100 and 300 mm/min. Although wear was observed on the tip of the wire mesh, new diamond grains appeared at the tip, so that the tool exhibited a self-sharpening effect. The newly developed MWM tool achieved a drastic reduction of chips and superior machined surface at the same time in CFRP drilling.

Oscillating Finish Grinding of CFRP with Woven Metal Wire Tool Utilizing Plunger Pump Pulsation

Delamination or fiber out often occurs when machining carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) with conventional cutting tools. Moreover, the tool life is short. As a new machining strategy for peripheral finishing of CFRP plates, an oscillating finish grinding process with a woven metal wire (WMW) tool utilizing plunger pump pulsation is proposed in this study. A WMW tool is a type of core drill, but the tool body is made of woven metal wire. A wire mesh and grinding fluid supplied from the inner side of the wire netting are expected to prevent the clogging of CFRP chips on the tool surface. However, the surface machined by the side face of the WMW tool becomes wavy as the wavy side surface of the WMW tool is copied to the machined surface when the rotating tool moves vertically to the tool axis. To overcome this limitation, a tool oscillation mechanism utilizing plunger pump pulsation action was newly developed and applied for finish grinding. As a result, it was demonstrated that the machined surface roughness of the CFRPs was improved through axial oscillation of the WMW tool.

In situ growth of zinc oxide nanoribbons within the interstices of a zinc stannate nanoplates network on compacted woven metal wires and their enhanced solar energy application

A novel hybrid film is designed and prepared by in situ growth of ZnO nanoribbons in the interstices of Zn2SnO4 nanoplates network on the compacted woven metal wires through a simple process. The ZnO nanoribbons present in the ZnO/Zn2SnO4 composite film can enhance light harvesting, accelerate electron transport and induce a negative shift in the flat-band potential. Benefiting from its advantageous structure and composition, the ZnO/Zn2SnO4 film can be applied in many fields. For the flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (FDSSCs) employing optimized ZnO/Zn2SnO4 as a photoanode, the conversion efficiency reaches 2.41% corresponding to ∼36.2% improvement relative to the Zn2SnO4 nanoplates-based FDSSCs. Moreover, ZnO/Zn2SnO4-based FDSSC shows relatively good mechanical stability and long-term stability, retaining 95.1% and 93.3% of its initial efficiency after ten consecutive bending tests and after 15 days under sunlight, respectively; Additionally, the immobilized ZnO/Zn2SnO4 on the metal wires exhibits 96.8% photocatalytic degradation efficiency against an organic dye under UV light, and the photocatalytic performance can be restored almost completely by a simple chemical treatment. More importantly, the in situ growth technique demonstrated in this work can be adopted to fabricate other composite oxides on flexible substrates with high curvature surfaces for additional practical applications in flexible devices.

Flexible woven metal wires supported nanosheets and nanoparticles double-layered nitrogen-doped zinc stannate toward enhanced solar energy utilization

For enhanced solar energy application, double-layered nitrogen-doped Zn2SnO4 film consisting of bottom nanosheets and top nanoparticles is designed and synthesized on flexible woven metal wires. The effects of doping concentration of nitrogen element (N) and the amount of coating nanoparticles on electronic, optical properties and stability are investigated in detail by various testing techniques. The results show that in the double-layered structure, the nanosheets array can provide direct transport pathways for photoinduced electrons, while the nanoparticles can provide high surface area. On the other hand, doped N element is conducive not only to the absorption of visible light due to narrowed band gap, but also to suppression of charge recombination. With the optimized double-layered N-doped Zn2SnO4 as photoanodes of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells, the corresponding photoelectric conversion efficiency is 2.302% compared to 1.332% and 1.826% in case of pure Zn2SnO4 nanosheets and N-doped Zn2SnO4 nanosheets; The double-layered N-doped Zn2SnO4 is also determined to be high-performance immobilized photocatalyst with a better recyclability for the photodegradation of organic pollutant under sunlight irradiation; More importantly, the preparation methods is also applicable to fabricate other composite oxides on wire-shaped substrate for more practical applications in flexible devices.

Explosive loading of deformable gas-permeable axisymmetric structural elements

A mathematical model is proposed which describes the interrelated processes of unsteady elastoplastic deformation of stacks of woven metal wire mesh and wave processes in pore gas in a two-dimensional axisymmetric approximation. The nonlinear equations of the dynamics of two interpenetrating continua are solved numerically using a modified Godunov’s scheme. The problem of explosive loading of a multilayer shell with an internal permeable deformable layer is solved. The results of numerical solutions are compared with experimental data. The influence of the gas-permeable layer on shell deformation is determined.

Design of manned lunar rover wheels and improvement in soil mechanics formulas for elastic wheels in consideration of deformation

Most of the current lunar rover vehicle wheels are inconvenient for changing broken wheels and have poor shock absorbing in driving, so they cannot be used to carry people on the moon. To meet the demands for manned lunar transportation, a new wheel possessing a woven metal wire mesh tire and using hub-rim combination slide mechanism is designed in this article. The characteristics of the new wheel is analyzed by comparing with the same-size conventional rover wheels after demonstrating the validity of FEM simulation. The new wheel possesses lighter structure and superior shock absorbing. It also provides stronger traction because the deformation of the designed wheel increases the contact area between the tire and lunar terrain. In order to establish an on-line soil parameter estimation algorithm for low cohesion soil, the stress distribution along a driven deformable wheel on off-road terrain is simplified. The basic mechanics equations of the interaction between the wheel and the lunar soil can be used for analytical analysis. Simulation results show that the soil estimation algorithm can accurately and efficiently identify key soil parameters for loose sand.

ダイヤモンド砥粒電着金網砥石の開発とそれによるCFRP穿孔加工

Drilling into carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with conventional tools often results in defects like delamination, fiber pull-out, etc. In order to achieve high-quality machining of CFRP, this study newly developed a woven metal wire tool with electrodeposited diamond grains. A hole of 20 mm in diameter was drilled using the developed tool with hyper grinding, which supplies a coolant through the grinding wheel at the grinding point. As a result, this method made a good hole without delamination at the entry and exit of the hole. In addition, an excellent surface roughness of 0.64 μm Ra was achieved.

Flexural Strengths of Denture Base Resin Repaired with Autopolymerizing Resin and Reinforcements After Thermocycle Stressing

Fracture of an acrylic denture base is a common problem in prosthodontic practice. Although various reinforcement methods have been used, when a fractured denture base is repaired with autopolymerizing resin recurrent fractures frequently occur at the repairing interface or adjacent areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the maximum flexural load of denture base resin repaired with autopolymerizing resin and several reinforcement systems after thermocycle stressing. Rectangular (10 x 70 x 3 mm) flexural specimens were fabricated by repairing a pair of heat-cured denture base resin specimens using autopolymerizing resin and a series of reinforcement materials. The materials included 4 metal wires and a woven glass fiber. Each reinforcement was embedded in the center of the specimens. Flexural specimens repaired without reinforcement were prepared as controls. Specimens were subjected to 50,000 thermocycles (4 approximately 60 degrees C, 1-minute dwell time). A 3-point flexural test was carried out by loading the center of the repaired site at 5 mm/minute crosshead speed with 50 mm span jig supports. The load necessary to cause fracture was recorded for each specimen. All data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Bonferroni/Dunn test (alpha < 0.05). The average load to fracture of specimens repaired with nonreinforced autopolymerizing resin was 68.4 N after 50,000 thermocycles. Specimens reinforced with 1.2 mm diameter stainless steel wire exhibited the highest value (89.8 N). The value for specimens reinforced with 1.2 mm diameter Co-Cr-Ni wire was 86.6 N. These fracture loads were significantly higher than those for specimens without reinforcement (p < 0.05). Low elasticity reinforcement, such as pure titanium wires, woven metal wire, and woven glass fiber were not effective in increasing the load to fracture values of flexural specimens. Specimens reinforced with 1.2 mm diameter stainless steel wires or Co-Cr-Ni wires resulted in significantly higher loads to fracture as compared to specimens without reinforcement. The use of pure titanium wire, woven metal wire, and woven glass fiber did not improve the fracture loads.