WoS Database Research Articles

Advice on Regulating Body Mass in Wrestling from the Most Cited Combat Sport Literature—A Systematic Review

Background: Since studies on the subject of weight reduction in wrestlers vary in opinions regarding health, performance, and legal regulations, a review of the most cited literature in other combat sports was carried out. Methods: By searching the WOS and Scopus scientific databases, the top 60 cited papers were identified, and ultimately, 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this review were selected. Findings and conclusions: Apart from the advantages gained in strength and mass through weight reduction, a mental advantage is also obtained. The period between weigh-ins and the actual bouts is considered crucial for the preservation of performance. When the rules allow for a longer recovery period, this enables aggressive, harmful, or prohibited weight reduction methods to be employed by some wrestlers. A chronic reduction in body weight is regarded as a long-term health issue but may be ignored by wrestlers. There has been no progress in the attempt to regulate the problem of rapid weight loss (RWL) within wrestling in the past thirty-five years. If any change is to be brought about, the engagement of all federations, clubs, WADA, and all individuals involved in this issue (athletes, coaches, parents, doctors, etc.) is deemed necessary.

A Comparative Analysis of Hotspots in Semiotics Theory Research in China and Abroad: A Knowledge Mapping Analysis Based on CiteSpace

Based on literature data with "semiotics theory" as the research topic from the CNKI and WOS databases, this study employs CiteSpace software to conduct a comparative analysis of the relevant research on semiotics theory in China and abroad from 2000 to 2022. The results show that: Domestic and international research on semiotics theory exhibit a multi-centered development trend, gradually forming distinctive and complementary schools of semiotics theory. China's and abroad research focuses differently, with foreign research focusing more on applying semiotics theory in social sciences, educational research, language fields, and biological sciences. In contrast, domestic research tends to focus on introducing and studying foreign semiotics theories, with linguistics being an important research area. Both domestic and international research on semiotics theory have expanded the scope of theoretical research, forming widely applicable categories of semiotics. Hotspots in foreign research include "student";"model"; "future"; "evolution"; "information"; "framework"; "discourse"; and "construction", while hotspots in domestic research include "semiotics", "Peirce", "pragmatism", "Lotman", and "symbols". The development process of domestic and international research on semiotics theory has some differences, with each stage exhibiting different research characteristics. However, both have developed from theoretical to applied research, phenomenon to essence law research, and single-mode to multi-mode research. Domestic researchers should strengthen communication and cooperation with international counterparts, build a research community for semiotics theory, deepen research connotations, and provide more case studies as paradigms; timely summarize the current status and development patterns of domestic research on semiotics theory, and gradually form a Chinese school of semiotics with international influence.

Bibliometric analysis of augmented reality research in educational sciences

The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of articles on augmented reality in the WOS database in the field of educational sciences by years, keywords and active concepts, active countries, active countries by total number of citations, active countries by citation averages, active authors, active authors by local citation rankings, active researches by global citation rankings, active journals by number of articles, active institutions, country-author-keyword network and popular topics by years. The study used bibliometric analysis, which is one of the quantitative approaches. The data set consisted of 1759 augmented reality articles in the field of educational sciences in the WOS database between 1999 and 1 September 2024. The "Biblioshiny" package program in the "R" programming language was used to analyse the data. The results of the research indicate that the annual growth rate for articles in the field of educational sciences utilizing augmented reality is 24%. The most common keywords are education, augmented reality, students, technology, system, design, science, challenges, performance and virtual reality. The countries with the highest levels of activity in this field are China, the USA, Spain, Turkey, Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Serbia, Korea and Japan. China, the USA and Spain are in the first three places in the citation ranking of the countries. According to the citation averages, the ranking is as follows: It was determined that Hwang GJ is the most influential author, Chang HY is the most cited author in the local context, and Wu HK is the most cited author globally. The most influential journal is "Education and Information Technologies," and the most influential institution is National Taiwan Normal University. Popular research topics in augmented reality for 2024 include laboratory skills, virtual reality, and K-12 concepts.

Effect of hypercapnia on neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Brain injury often occurs after cardiac arrest, and the regulation of PaCO2 plays a crucial role in mediating cerebral blood flow. The current guidelines recommend maintaining normocapnia through ventilation in post-arrest patients. However, the effects of hypercapnia on neurological outcomes remain controversial. To address this issue, we undertook a meta-analysis to compare the effects of hypercapnia and normocapnia on the neurological outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest. As of December 5, 2023, we conducted a search on eligible studies, including EMBASE, PubMed, and WOS databases. Our primary outcome of interest was a good neurological outcome, and two authors independently screened the studies and extracted relevant data. For analysis, a fixed effects model was used when the I2 values were less than 50%, whereas a random effects model was used for higher I2 values. From the 2137 studies initially identified, seven studies involving 2770 patients were ultimately included. Compared with normocapnia, hypercapnia significantly improved the neurological outcomes of patients with cardiac arrest (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.56-0.96; P=0.02). According to the subgroup analysis, the hypercapnic group achieved better neurological outcomes in the short-term than did the normocapnia group (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42-0.88; P=0.008), whereas no significant difference was observed in long-term (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.76-1.10; P=0.35). Moreover, there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.65-1.63; P=0.91). Our results suggest that hypercapnia is associated with a good neurological prognosis, especially in the short-term setting. However, further well-powered randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm the optimal PaCO2 targets. CRD42023457027. Registered 3 September 2023.

Proposal for Teacher Training Model in Steam Education

This research is developed by systematizing the literature on STEAM education in relation to skills, strategies, training, implementation and competencies. An SLR methodology is applied focused on the field of education, 46 articles were selected from the Scopus, Eric and WOS Database from the last five years, complemented with quantitative research to verify the frequency of the variables in the documentary review. The results are articulated in a design to propose a teacher training model in STEAM education, for which three dimensions are taken into consideration based on the educational actors (pre-professional, professional and expert) in order to work on the different indicators that allow a logical and systematic sequence to implement STEAM education in current educational contexts that require the development of complex competencies, mediated by emerging technologies. It is evident that teachers, from their initial training to their professional development as experts, face the challenge of preparing new generations to solve complex problems and effectively promote the development of 21st century skills, in this way, Teacher training programs contribute significantly to their professional performance, playing a crucial role in the transformation of pedagogical practice, strengthening teaching professionalism and promoting a culture of research, generating a positive impact on the quality of current education.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of muscle fatigue on the biomechanics of joint range of motion (ROM) in badminton

This study aims to evaluate the impact of muscle fatigue on the biomechanics of joint range of motion (ROM) in badminton athletes through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Muscle fatigue can affect athletic performance, particularly in dynamic movements such as lunges and smashes. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method and PRISMA, this study identified and analyzed 9 scientific articles from the Scopus and WoS databases published between 2019 and 2024. Meta-analysis was conducted by calculating the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The results showed that ROM in the hip joint significantly decreased after fatigue, with an SMD of -0.56 (95% CI: -0.76 to -0.36), which increases the risk of adductor and abductor injuries. On the other hand, ankle ROM showed no significant changes between pre-fatigue and post-fatigue conditions (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.25). For the knee joint, significant heterogeneity was found among studies with an I² value of 52% and an overall SMD of -0.01 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.26), indicating that the effect of fatigue on knee ROM was inconsistent. This study concludes that muscle fatigue plays a crucial role in biomechanical changes that may increase the risk of injury in badminton athletes. Coaches are advised to implement interventions such as dynamic stretching and foam rolling to reduce muscle stiffness and maintain optimal ROM during matches. This study provides a critical scientific basis for developing evidence-based injury prevention programs.

A Bibliometric Analysis of South Korean TV Dramas from 2014 to 2023 in the WoS Database

A Bibliometric Analysis of South Korean TV Dramas from 2014 to 2023 in the WoS Database

The Role of Service Robots in Restaurant Settings: A Meta-Analysis Study on Consumer Behavior and Intentions

The employment of service robots in restaurants has become increasingly common. Previous studies have explored the factors related to the impact of service robots on consumers from multiple perspectives, but this topic still lacks an integrated empirical study to organize and analyze the conclusions of previous studies. This study obtained 46 empirical studies through the WoS and Scopus databases. Based on the conclusions and data of these studies and guided by the SOR theory, a holistic conceptual framework was constructed to describe how service robots affect restaurant consumers. This study tested the conceptual framework of the construct through meta-analysis and verified the moderating role of macro variables such as time and culture. This study not only has theoretical significance for future research but can also provide practical guidance for restaurant managers in the application and deployment of service robots.

Bibliometric analysis of the top 500 most cited articles in cancer epidemiology

Purpose: The objective of this work is to provide perceptions for future research by creating a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on "cancer epidemiology". Material and Methods: Article data was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and advanced search was performed using the following keywords: “cancer*” and “epidemi*” between 2010-2024. The results were then refined according to the publication type of Science Citation Index Expanded and Emerging Sources Citation Index, which only consist of original English articles in the WOS database. A summary of the data analysis results examined along with open-source R package Bibliometric and VOS viewer (Version 16.20) programs. Results: The 500 most cited documents published in 180 different sources in the time period 2010-2024 showed a negative annual growth rate of 18.97%, indicating a decrease in publication output. An average of 70.1 co-authors per document was observed, and 60.8% of the collaborative efforts in these articles were found to be foreign co-authorship. The most frequently appearing keywords were found to be "epidemiology" with a total link strength of 625, followed by "cancer" with a total link strength of 372. According to the bibiliometric analysis result, the article by Ferlay, J. mm was found to have more than 72,000 citations. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis has yielded quantitative data on the expansion of the cancer epidemiology discipline, the level of scientific excellence, and the identification of keywords, so facilitating the determination of the most accomplished topics.

Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and trends on the relationship between the gut microbiota and depression from 2020 to 2024.

In recent years, an increasing body of research has illustrated a strong correlation between gut microbiota and depression. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive discussion or summary of the latest advancements and trends in this field. We retrieved research articles focused on gut microbiota and depression through the WOS database from 2020 to 2024, using visual text analysis tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer. The literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and depression surged from 396 papers in 2020 to 711 by 2024. During this period, the journal with the highest publication rate was Nutrients. China led the countries in contributions, while University College Cork topped the institutions. Kenji Hashimoto emerged as the most prolific author. The most cited paper was authored by Cryan JF et al., published in 2019 in Physiol Rev. The keywords "gut microbiota," "depression," and "anxiety" appeared most frequently, while recent years saw explosive increases in terms such as "growth performance," "receptors," "depression-like phenotypes," "stress response," "gastrointestinal symptoms," "reliability," and "neurogenesis." Our article displayed the overview of the relationship between the gut microbiome and depression from 2020 to 2024 using bibliometric methods, providing perspectives and research hotspots for studies exploring the correlation between the gut microbiome and depression.

Content Analysis of Bibliometric Studies Prepared About Smart Tourism

Smart tourism has become one of the most researched topics in recent years. There has been an increase in studies examining the main trends, bibliometric structures and networks, and social, intellectual, and conceptual frameworks of the concept of smart tourism within different parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate bibliometric analysis studies on smart tourism indexed in WoS and Scopus databases by content analysis. In this context, 48 documents were found in the WoS and Scopus databases under the subject headings of "smart tourism" and "bibliometric analysis". This is the first study using content analysis to analyze bibliometric articles on smart tourism in WoS and Scopus databases. These analyses mainly focus on authors' analysis, articles' distribution according to publication years, country collaboration network, co-citation networks of authors and journals, frequency of keywords, and co-occurrence map analysis. Bibliometric analysis studies on smart tourism have gained momentum, especially after 2019, when most studies were conducted in the field. When the keywords of the studies in WoS are analyzed, it is determined that the most frequently repeated keyword is "bibliometrics" in 14 studies, followed by "smart destination" and "smart tourism destination" in 7 studies each, and "smart tourism" in 3 studies. These results show that most of the bibliometric studies in WoS focus on smart destinations.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Protocols in Reducing Infant Mortality

A systematic review was carried out on the scientific production related to neonatal resuscitation protocols and their impact on infant mortality, using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. The main purpose of this analysis was to identify and characterize the relevant publications registered in the Scopus and WoS databases, evaluating their scope and contribution to the study of these critical variables in neonatal health. During the review process, 28 publications were initially identified that addressed the topic, which were refined through the use of specific keywords, such as Neonatal Resuscitation Protocols and Infant Mortality. After excluding duplicates and documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria, a total of 17 studies were selected for detailed analysis. The identification and evaluation of these publications made it possible to observe global trends in research on the effectiveness of neonatal resuscitation protocols. A key finding was that, although standardized protocols have proven to be fundamental tools for reducing infant mortality, their effectiveness is conditioned by contextual factors such as the training of health personnel, the availability of technological resources, and inequalities in access to neonatal health services. This analysis confirmed that, in low- and middle-income countries, structural barriers limit the effective implementation of these protocols, highlighting the need to adapt them to local realities. In addition, one of the most relevant aspects identified in the review was the increasing incorporation of technological advances in resuscitation protocols, such as the use of monitoring devices and innovative tools that optimize interventions in critically ill neonates. However, these technological developments are mostly concentrated in developed country contexts, posing a global challenge to ensure that these innovations are accessible and applicable in resource-limited regions. This approach underscores the importance of advancing equity in neonatal care through public health policies that promote universal access to essential technologies. In summary, this systematic analysis not only made it possible to identify the main characteristics of recent research, but also evidenced the need to strengthen the strategies for the implementation of neonatal resuscitation protocols to maximize their impact on the reduction of infant mortality. This work provides a solid foundation for future research and highlights priority areas for improvement, including training of medical personnel, optimization of resource use, and technological innovation adapted to diverse socio-economic contexts.

Agrobiodiversity and food security: challenges and sustainable solutions

Objective: Agricultural biodiversity, also known as agrobiodiversity, encompasses the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are directly or indirectly involved in agriculture. This diversity is the result of millennia of selection, management, and domestication of species, which has allowed societies to adapt to different environmental and cultural conditions. However, in recent decades, the loss of agrobiodiversity, accelerated by industrial agriculture, the expansion of monocultures, and the reduction of varieties, has put global food security at risk. This diversity is crucial to ensuring the resilience of agricultural systems in the face of challenges such as climate change, emerging pests, and the depletion of natural resources. This paper examines the importance of conserving agricultural biodiversity from the perspective of food security. It emphasizes how agrobiodiversity not only contributes to the stability of food production but also improves human diets by diversifying crops and providing essential micronutrients. Design/Methodology/Approach: A search was conducted on the following scientific information platforms: Web of Science database and Google Scholar. A systematic search for publications related to agrobiodiversity systems was carried out in the WoS database and Google Scholar over the last 49 years (1975–2024). Results: Genetic erosion is particularly concerning because genetic diversity is essential for crops to face environmental challenges such as climate change, pests, and diseases. The loss of traditional varieties, which are selected by local farmers to adapt to specific conditions, increases agriculture's vulnerability to external disruptions. These landraces, having been cultivated in genetically diverse mosaics, offer protection against catastrophic losses in the event of crop failures due to extreme conditions or diseases. Findings/Conclusions: Genetic diversity allows for the development of sustainable solutions to pests and diseases, reducing dependence on pesticides and promoting more environmentally friendly farming practices. However, challenges related to biodiversity conservation persist, making it essential to implement public policies that promote agrobiodiversity and address the socioeconomic issues that limit its adoption.

Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Academic Burnout in Students

Academic burnout is characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and diminished personal accomplishment amongst students. Despite its rising prominence in recent discussions, there remains a lack of systematic reviews encapsulating the extensive literature on academic burnout. This bibliometric study aims to systematically review the literature and determine trends in academic burnout research. A total of 805 studies on academic burnout were retrieved from the WoS database and 570 articles meeting the selection criteria were analysed. The distribution of articles was analysed based on categories, publication years, and originating countries. Additionally, pertinent topics, journals, authors, and patterns of global and local citations were examined. Our analysis revealed a notable increase in articles on academic burnout in recent years. Leading contributors in terms of publications include China, the USA, and Finland. Recently, themes such as "Covid-19", "depression", "resilience", "classroom enjoyment", and specific demographics like "medical students" and "working students" have been frequently associated with academic burnout research. This research reveals the multifaceted structure of academic burnout. As a result, educational professionals can incorporate the multifaceted structure resulting from this research into programs designed to reduce academic burnout.

BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE IN FINANCE

In the last years, when it comes to invest, the investors take into consideration in addition to the company's financial report, the non-financial report. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors present an increasing interest year by year as it was identified through the present research. The main objective of this paper is to determine the interest of ESG factors in finance. The research method consists in conducting a bibliometric analysis querying the existing documents in the “Web of Science Core Collection" (WoS) database. The query revealed a number of 477 scientific documents that were carried out between 2008 and 2024 that contain both terms "ESG" and “finance” in title, abstract or keywords. The query was made on April 01, 2024 and the results were processed through VOSviewer software. Main findings of the research are that the most documents (31.24%) were included in the Business Finance category of the Web of Science database and that the research confirm the increase of the scientific interest about ESG and finance, year by year. The countries most interested in writing about ESG and finance are China, with 21% of documents, USA (13% of documents) and United Kingdom (12% of documents). In conclusion, in the context of the low number of documents written on this subject (according to WoS database), this paper adds an important status of the authors’ interest in ESG in finance.

Mapping Global Research on Early Childhood Special Education: A Bibliometric Analysis

Early childhood special education is a scientific field that is gaining worldwide attention. This study uses bibliometric and social network analysis methods to analyze early childhood special education research published in international journals. Therefore, the articles in the WoS database were accessed. WoS is a database of the most prestigious journals indexed SSCI, SCI-Expanded, AHCI, and ESCI. A total of 2051 articles meeting the determined criteria were included in the research. We used the VoSviewer software to perform the analyses and then interpreted the results. According to the research findings, the number of works published in the related field has increased significantly. The Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders has emerged as the most prolific publisher of articles on this topic. The United States stands out as the most productive country. Dawson, G. is the most effective and cited author. The most frequently used word in the studies examined was autism. It appears that political developments in the field of early childhood special education may contribute to this increase. In addition, the analysis revealed that a certain number of leading countries and researchers have made significant contributions to the field. İnfluential journals in the field of early childhood special education studies, it is noted, focus on special education.

GLP-1 and Body Weight: A Scientometric Analysis About How to Select the Best Articles Containing Pharmacological Treatment Methods

Background: Medications initially intended for diabetes treatment are now being used by other patients for weight loss. In the specialized literature, there are numerous meta-analyses investigating this aspect. Areas of Uncertainty: The authors aimed to explore whether the application of scientometric methods for literature review within meta-analyses could provide clear answers to specific research questions. This approach could help develop a rapid system for selecting articles to read during the information process for clinicians or researchers. Data Sources: We obtained research data from Web of Science Core Collection, using the search phrase “GLP-1 AND Body Weight,” reviews from the past 5 years. This approach led to the identification of 31 relevant articles in the field. Results: A total of 31 reviews were identified in the WOS database and investigated using the VOSviewer bibliographic coupling method. Among these, 7 reviews were found to have the highest influence. The authors analyzed these articles and determined that only these 7 reviews directly address the research question. In addition, an analysis of the impact factor of the journals where the articles are published, the influence power of these articles, and the countries of origin of the authors was conducted. A strong correlation was demonstrated between the impact factor and the total link strength for these 7 reviews. The correlation coefficient of 0.116709 between journal impact factor and number of citations suggests a very weak or nonexistent relationship. A strong positive correlation of 0.879736 exists between journal impact factor and total link strength, indicating a significant association. The correlation coefficient of −0.12505 between citations and total link strength shows a very weak or negligible relationship. Conclusions: Scientometric methods such as VOSviewer are useful in the work of both researchers and clinicians, highlighting the fact that articles in a research field can be identified by several criteria: impact factor, number of citations, authors from research teams that addressed this topic. The weak correlation between journal impact factor and number of citations implies that the prestige of the journal does not significantly affect the citation count of articles. Researchers should focus on the quality and relevance of their work rather than solely targeting high-impact journals. However, the strong positive correlation between impact factor and total link strength suggests that articles in prestigious journals are more likely to share content similarities. Researchers should consider this when selecting journals for publication and aim to contribute to impactful and interconnected research areas. This approach allows quick and easy identification of key articles, serving as a fundamental basis for rapid analysis of research in the field, starting from the analysis of authors' competence, degree of trust of the journal, or degree of interest that researchers have for that article.

The Effect of Autism Spectrum Disorder on Family Mental Health: Challenges, Emotional Impact, and Coping Strategies.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) impacts not only diagnosed individuals, but also significantly affects the quality of life of both primary and secondary caregivers. These effects are particularly pronounced when compared to caregivers of individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders. The emotional and physical demands of caring for someone with ASD can profoundly alter family dynamics and interpersonal relationships, creating challenges that require a comprehensive approach to be understood and addressed. The methodological design is a narrative review study, based on a search conducted during May, June, July, and August 2024 in the Scopus, Dialnet, and WoS databases concerning the object of study. As a result, a total of 197 articles were qualitatively analyzed. Of these, 36 articles were selected for a more detailed qualitative analysis, leading to a final sample of 14 documents. The selected studies were examined through qualitative content analysis. The inclusion criteria for this selection were as follows: empirical studies or research published in English or Spanish; open access via the Internet; categories limited to "education/educational research" relevant to the proposed objectives; and specific documents related to students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The care of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has a significant and multifaceted impact on family life, deeply affecting the mental health of caregivers. These effects manifest in the form of chronic stress, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulties, altering family dynamics. The quality of life of caregivers varies depending on the coping strategies they employ, which are crucial for their emotional well-being. Understanding and optimizing these strategies is essential to mitigate the negative effects of caregiving and improving the overall well-being of families living with ASD.

Recognizing objects in complex scenes: A Recent Systematic Review

This systematic review provides a comprehensive examination of recent advancements in object recognition within complex scenes, focusing on addressing challenges such as clutter, occlusion, and diverse environmental conditions. Leveraging the PRISMA framework, the study meticulously analysed a diverse range of literature from esteemed sources, employing advanced search methods on Scopus and WoS databases to identify and analyse primary research studies (n = 25). The review encompasses three key themes: Theme 1 concentrates on Image Noise Identification and Removal Techniques, while Theme 2 delves into Image Classification and Recognition under Noise. Additionally, Theme 3 explores Innovative Models and Approaches for Noise-Robust Image Analysis. Despite the progress achieved, contemporary recognition systems struggle with real-world complexities such as varied scales, lighting variations, and different viewpoints. The synthesis of findings emphasizes the necessity for innovative strategies that capitalize on contextual cues and harness the potential of deep learning to enhance precision in object recognition within intricate visual environments. The insights gleaned from this synthesis are poised to guide future research directions, informing the development of more resilient algorithms capable of navigating challenges and catalysing advancements in the field of object recognition.

Past, Present, and Future of LGBTIQ Tourism Literature: A Systematic Literature Review

ABSTRACT This study conducts a systematic review of the current scientific research framework on LGBTIQ tourism and suggests new directions for its evolution. Through bibliometric analysis, content analysis, and systematic quantitative literature review, 146 articles from WoS and Scopus databases (1993–2023) were examined. Five research areas were identified: gay male sexual behaviors on holidays, discriminatory activities and attitudes, LGBT tourists’ identities, LGBTQIA events, and LGBTQ spaces. Existing literature mainly focuses on demand dynamics, specifically on gay tourists, their profiles, motivations, and experiences of discrimination. The article proposes future research directions to broaden and deepen the field of LGBTIQ tourism studies.