World Peace Foundation Research Articles

‘Allowed to Serve, Not to Speak’? The Role of Women in International Peace Activism, 1880-1920

ABSTRACT As the twentieth century dawned, fledgling transnational networks of peace activists, including the International Peace Bureau and the Interparliamentary Union, grew in prominence, not least in Europe. Impetus came from the United States, notably via the Lake Mohonk conferences and emergent organisations like the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the World Peace Foundation. Each group purported to speak on behalf of an inclusive and ‘international’ public opinion, yet men dominated them all. This analysis considers the challenge and sustainment to this male dominance in the period from 1880 to 1920, exploring the intersection between existing peace groups and an emergent feminist pacifism. Peace activists of all stripes believed that public opinion’s influence was growing, and most positioned themselves as representatives of an enlightened public sentiment; but the composition of this public sphere, and the space afforded within it for women, remained a site of contestation.

The Pacifism of Andrew Carnegie and Edwin Ginn: The Emergence of a Philanthropic Internationalism

This study analyses the pacifism of Andrew Carnegie and Edwin Ginn against the backdrop of the emergence of new philanthropic practices. Scientific philanthropy and the institutional model of the philanthropic foundation provided the means for new approaches to the peace cause. The study thus argues that Ginn and Carnegie personified a shift from a non-institutional pacifism to an institutional internationalism. Despite noteworthy similarities in Ginn and Carnegie's approach to peace, however, their two philanthropic foundations—the World Peace Foundation and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace—differed in strategies. This study suggests that the leadership of these institutions shaped these different approaches to conflict.

Mobile Phones: Uplifting Weak and Failed States

Mobile telephones are revolutionizing politics and driving political change throughout the developing world. Nothing is so powerful, so transformative. Mobile telephone technology has already changed how people in the developing world cope with their political, economic, and social circumstances. Now, through its ability interactively to transmit verbal and visual (photos or video) information by voice and/or text messaging, mobile telephone technology is poised dramatically to improve human outcomes and life choices for many millions across the globe’s weak and failed states. No other recently-introduced technology has been so widely embraced or has so much potential to alter rural and urban outcomes for the better in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and elsewhere. Mobile phone coverage in sub-Saharan Africa, for example, has grown at staggering rates over the past decade. In 1999, only 10 percent of the population had mobile phone coverage, primarily in South Africa and Senegal. From 2000 to 2008, according to Wireless Intelligence and the Groupe Speciale Mobile Association, persons owning mobile telephones in sub-Saharan Africa increased from 16 million to 376 million. By 2012, that figure was over 500 million, perhaps two-thirds or more of the entire population of the subcontinent. (Individuals sometimes share telephones, thus multiplying the number of users, or some individuals own multiple telephones and multiple subscriber identity

Meeting the Challenge from Totalitarianism: The Tennessee Valley Authority as a Global Model for Liberal Development, 1933–1945

Meeting the Challenge from Totalitarianism: The Tennessee Valley Authority as a Global Model for Liberal Development, 1933–1945

The Ultra Cruel: Comparing Human Rights Violators

Worst of the Worst: Dealing with Repressive and Rogue Nations. Edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Cambridge, MA: World Peace Foundation, and Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2007. 342 pp., $59.95 cloth (ISBN-13: 978-0-8157-7566-9). The Worst of the Worst: Dealing with Repressive and Rogue Nations , edited by Robert I. Rotberg, examines some of the worst human rights violating states in the early twenty-first century. The book combines two quantitative chapters with nine descriptive chapters focused on some of the worst offenders. The case studies represent nearly every world region. The volume includes states in Asia (North Korea and Burma), the former Soviet region (Belarus, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), Sub-Saharan Africa (Equatorial Guinea, Togo, and Zimbabwe), North Africa (Tunisia), and the Middle East (Syria). Latin America is notably absent, demonstrating how far that region has come in turning around its human rights record. There can be little doubt that these regimes are horrific. For example, in North Korea, “babies born in prison were killed at birth.” In the natural gas rich country of Turkmenistan, “most hospitals outside the capital had been shut down … condemning thousands to death from common, treatable illnesses such as tuberculosis” (p. 19). Each of the volume's case studies, all of them interesting and well written, assume little knowledge of the particular state and thus are most useful for scholars interested in comparing violators but whose knowledge is limited to one or a handful of states. The case studies are complimented by an introductory chapter on the question of quantifying rogue states’ misdeeds …

Robert I. Rotberg (ed.), Haiti Renewed: Political and Economic Prospects (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution and World Peace Foundation, 1997), pp. xiii+245, $28.95; £22.50.

Robert I. Rotberg (ed.), Haiti Renewed: Political and Economic Prospects (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution and World Peace Foundation, 1997), pp. xiii+245, $28.95; £22.50. - Volume 31 Issue 1

Media and Foreign Policy: Intervening in Humanitarian Crises - International News and Foreign Correspondents, Newswork Series No. 5, Stephen Hess, (Washington: Brookings Institution, 1996), 209 pp, $26.95 cloth. - The News Media, Civil War and Humanitarian Action, Larry Minear, Colin Scott, and Thomas G. Weiss (Boulder: Lynne Rlenner, 1996), 122 pp., $10.95 paper. - From Massacres to Genocide: The Media,

Media and Foreign Policy: Intervening in Humanitarian Crises - International News and Foreign Correspondents, Newswork Series No. 5, Stephen Hess, (Washington: Brookings Institution, 1996), 209 pp, $26.95 cloth. - Volume 11

The Woman's Peace Party and the Moral Basis for Women's Pacifism

At the beginning of August, 1914, Germany began a march to war that rattled the world for the next four years. At the end of that month in New York City, 1,500 women held a march of their own-a quiet, somber march embellished only by the mournful beat of muffled drums and a large white peace banner.1 The contrast could not been greater. Men marched to war; women marched for peace. And although everyone knew that some women accepted war as inevitable and that some worked unceasingly for peace, society still tended to believe in a dichotomy of peaceful women and belligerent men. This dichotomy seemed so obvious to one group of women, in fact, that it was one of their primary reasons for founding the first separate women's peace organization-the Woman's Peace Party. In the fall of 1914, two European suffragists, Rosika Schwimmer of Hungary and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence of England, traveled through the eastern and midwestern United States, urging American women to do whatever they could to stop the European war. The urgency and conviction of their message soon sparked the interest of some of America's most prominent women. Thus as most Americans began to take refuge from the European catastrophe in the warm security of the Christmas season, leading women around the nation turned outward instead and began organizing a national peace demonstration. It was to be a demonstration by women only, not by established peace societies, for as Carrie Chapman Catt wrote Jane Addams, those societies very masculine in their point of view and have as little use for women . .. as the militarists.2 Addams concurred. Generally men and women work best together on these public measures, she wrote, but in this crisis, there is no doubt that the women are the most eager for action.3 In December, Addams, the renowned social reformer and founder of Hull House, called a women's peace meeting. Addams invited all women's clubs that had standing peace committees to meet in Washington, D.C., on January 10-11, 1915. The affiliations of the 3,000 women who attended reflect the breadth both of her appeal and of women's interest in peace. Both the International Woman Suffrage Alliance and the National American Women's Suffrage Association sent representatives, as did more broadly based women's organizations such as the National Council of Women and the General Federation of Women's Clubs. Also participating were groups defined by religion-the National Council of Jewish Women and the National Conference of Catholic Charities-and groups defined by occupation-the Women's Trade Union League, the International Congress of Farm Women, the National League of Teachers, and the League of American Pen Women. Women came representing the National Federation of Settlements, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, and the National Association of Colored Women, and peace advocates of long standing came from the American School Peace League, the World Peace Foundation, and the American Peace Society. Even the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Society of Spanish-American War Nurses sent representatives.4 The peace meeting that these women attended became the organizational conference of the Woman's Peace Party and marked the beginning of the separate women's peace

International regimes

Journal Article International regimes Get access International regimes. Edited by Stephen D. Krasner. Ithaca, London: Cornell University Press for Center for International Affairs, University of California and the World Peace Foundation. 1983. 372pp. Index. Pb.: £8.50; $12.95. R. J. Barry Jones R. J. Barry Jones 1University of Reading Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 60, Issue 1, Winter 1983, Pages 109–110, https://doi.org/10.2307/2618936 Published: 01 January 1983

Communication of World Affairs Within and By American Churches (Bibliography and Extracts). By Alfred O. Hero, Jr. Mimeographed. Boston: World Peace Foundation, 1969. n.p.

Communication of World Affairs Within and By American Churches (Bibliography and Extracts). By Alfred O. Hero, Jr. Mimeographed. Boston: World Peace Foundation, 1969. n.p.

Edwin Ginn's Vision of World Peace

Edwin Ginn, successful publisher of educational books, philanthropist, and founder of the World Peace Foundation, gave much thought to the problem of world peace and believed that he knew the answer. He was convinced that world peace, as he understood it, was highly desirable, was attainable, and was likely to be achieved in the not too distant future. To this achievement he devoted a third of the wealth accumulated during a lifetime of demonstrated business capacity and acumen. So confident was he of the correctness of his analysis of the peace problem that he stipulated in his will the use to be made, after world peace was attained, of the fund which he provided for the support of his World Peace Foundation. His trustees were charged with the duty of recognizing the attainment of peace and then transferring the fund to the support of his other favorite philanthropy, the Charlesbank Homes, which he expected to flourish in a peaceful world.

The World Peace Foundation and Progressivism: 1910-1918

to which he would contribute $50,000 annually until his death when his will provided for the bequest of one million dollars. By the end of the year the organization, under the new name of the World Peace Foundation, was a vigorous member of the American peace movement. If the importance of the Foundation were simply this generous gesture of a millionaire, its significance would be limited. Much more is involved, however, for this peace organization serves as a sensitive indicator of the principles of American liberal thought preceding this nation's entry into World War I. Not only did the directors of the Foundation embody in their policies and attitudes the ideology of the American peace movement as a whole, but also they applied to international affairs the premises which guided Progressivism in its domestic programs. The history of the Foundation was not an isolated and peculiar phenomenon, but was symptomatic of the most vital aspects of prewar America. Indeed, in its energetic optimism until 1914 and its dismayed confusion during the next four years, the evolution of the Foundation foreshadowed that of Wilson's New Freedom when the President transferred his ideals to the interna-

The Legacy of the Third Republic

Essay| May 01 1959 The Legacy of the Third Republic Donald C. McKay Donald C. McKay Late Anson D. Morse Professor of History, Amherst College Donald C. McKay taught at Harvard University for many years before he joined the faculty at Amherst College in 1956. He was the author, among other works, of The United States and France (1951), and editor of a biographical series, Makers of Modern Europe, and the American Foreign Policy Library. He has served as a trustee of the Harvard- Yenching Institute (1950–1956) and of the World Peace Foundation (1953–1959). As a member of the World Peace Foundation he helped plan one conference of French and American leaders at Arden House in March, 1956, resulting in the publication of Diversity of Worlds, by Raymond Aron and August Heckscher, and a second conference at the Institut d’Etudes Politiques in Paris in March, 1958. Dr. McKay, who was directing some graduate students at Harvard University, had been appointed a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, 1959—1960. The editors of Current History regret the untimely death of Professor McKay on April 2, 1959. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1959) 36 (213): 262–266. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1959.36.213.262 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Donald C. McKay; The Legacy of the Third Republic. Current History 1 May 1959; 36 (213): 262–266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1959.36.213.262 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1959 by The Regents of the University of California1959 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Book Reviews : European Peace Treaties After World War II: Negotiations and Texts of Treaties with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, and Finland. Edited by AMELIA C. LEISS in co-operation with RAYMOND DENNETT. (Boston: World Peace Foundation. 1954. Pp. xvi, 341. $4.75.)

Book Reviews : European Peace Treaties After World War II: Negotiations and Texts of Treaties with Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, Rumania, and Finland. Edited by AMELIA C. LEISS in co-operation with RAYMOND DENNETT. (Boston: World Peace Foundation. 1954. Pp. xvi, 341. $4.75.)

The United States in World Affairs, 1952. By Richard P. Stehbins and the Research Staff of the Council on Foreign Relations. With an Introduction by William L. Langer. New York: Harper & Bros., 1953. pp. xvi, 492. Index. $5.00. - Documents on American Foreign Relations, 1952. Edited by Clarence W. Baier, World Peace Foundation, and Richard P. Stebbins, Council on

The United States in World Affairs, 1952. By Richard P. Stehbins and the Research Staff of the Council on Foreign Relations. With an Introduction by William L. Langer. New York: Harper & Bros., 1953. pp. xvi, 492. Index. $5.00. - Documents on American Foreign Relations, 1952. Edited by Clarence W. Baier, World Peace Foundation, and Richard P. Stebbins, Council on

Documents on American Foreign Relations. Vol. XIII, January 1-December 31, 1951. Edited by Raymond Dennett and Katherine D. Durant. Princeton: Published for World Peace Foundation by Princeton University Press, 1953. xxiv, 626. $7.50.

Documents on American Foreign Relations. Vol. XIII, January 1-December 31, 1951. Edited by Raymond Dennett and Katherine D. Durant. Princeton: Published for World Peace Foundation by Princeton University Press, 1953. xxiv, 626. $7.50. - Volume 13 Issue 2

Documents on American Foreign Relations. Vol. XIII. January 1-December 31, 1951

Journal Article Documents on American Foreign Relations. Vol. XIII. January 1-December 31, 1951 Get access Documents on American Foreign Relations. Vol. XIII. January 1-December 31, 1951. Ed. by Raymond Dennett and Katherine D. Durant. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press for the World Peace Foundation; London, Oxford University Press, 1953. xxiv+626 pp. Index. 912′​′×614′​′$7.50. Denise Folliot Denise Folliot Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 30, Issue 1, January 1954, Page 131, https://doi.org/10.2307/2608550 Published: 01 January 1954

Documents on American Foreign Relations. Vol. XII, January 1-December 31, 1950

Journal Article Documents on American Foreign Relations. Vol. XII, January 1–December 31, 1950. Edited by Raymond Dennett and Robert K. Turner. (Princeton: Princeton University Press for World Peace Foundation, 1951. xxvi + 702 pp. Index. $6.00.) Get access J. Chal Vinson J. Chal Vinson University of Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 39, Issue 2, September 1952, Pages 356–357, https://doi.org/10.2307/1892224 Published: 01 September 1952

Negotiating with the Russians

Negotiating with the Russians Get access Negotiating with the Russians. Ed. by Raymond Dennett and Joseph E. Johnson. Boston, Mass., World Peace Foundation, 1951. xi+310 pp. Index. 912′​′×614′​′⁠. $3.50. Elisabeth Hunkin Elisabeth Hunkin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 28, Issue 3, July 1952, Pages 390–391, https://doi.org/10.2307/2607476 Published: 01 July 1952

Partners in the Free World. Edited by Robert K. Turner. (Boston: World Peace Foundation. 1951. Pp. x, 103. $1.00.)

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