World Oil Research Articles

Investigation of environmental factors on the resistance characteristic: Study case of the designed patrol boat hull

The increase in world oil prices has led to high operational costs in the maritime sector. In this regard, it is necessary to increase efficiency in the use of fuel in the maritime transportation security sector. Resistance on the ship’s hull affects efficiency and fuel consumption. In previous studies, there have been analyses on internal factors of the ship’s hull, such as appendages, which can affect the resistance value of the ship’s hull. However, examination of the external factors, e.g., the condition of the waters during operations of patrol boats, is still scant. This study conducts a series of analyses of the influence of environmental factors on the hull resistance values, such as water density and wind speed, with five different conditions. The results of this study are expected to be a reliable reference in predicting hull performance under different environments, especially in an attempt to reduce fuel consumption due to resistance.

The Green Economy Transformation of GCC Countries and China-GCC Cooperation in Green Development

Abstract In 2015, all GCC countries acceded to the Paris Climate Agreement and submitted their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions since 2020. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2022 led to a surge in world oil prices. Meanwhile, the increase in oil revenues created the new impetus for the green economy transformation and pushed it to an accelerated period. The green economy transition aimed at replacing fossil energy with hydrogen energy and making it a new driving force for export trade growth, on the other hand, it will incubate a number of private enterprises in the field of green science and technology, and realize economic diversification and private economy-led growth, and eventually led to economic structural adjustment which can increase the growth rate. GCC governments are committed to building renewable energy infrastructures, developing carbon capture and sequestration technologies, and emphasizing green and low-carbon building environmental governance. However, shortcomings in finance, technology and human resources restricted the transformation. China and the GCC countries need to cooperate to alleviate the difficulties and realize common green development. Currently, bilateral cooperation has already achieved fruitful results in areas of renewable energy infrastructure construction, green transportation and green capacity-building, In the future, green financial cooperation still needs to be strengthened.

Effects of Land Uses on Soil Quality of Shwan Sub-basin, Kirkuk Governorate, Northern Iraq

Thirty-two soil samples were collected from the study area in October 2020 for geochemical and pollutants investigation of Shwan Sub-basin soil. All soil samples were analysed for different geochemical analyses. The analysis results revealed that the pH values in soil samples ranged from 7.12 to 7.56 with a mean of 7.327. According to the pH values detected in the soil samples, the soil is classified as neutral soil. The electrical conductivity ranged from 0.92 mmhos/cm to 7.8 mmhos/cm with a mean of 1.53 mmhos/cm. Thus, according to the detected electrical conductivity values, the soil was classified as non-saline to slightly saline. The organic matter ranged from 1.14% to 1.45% with a mean value of 1.326 %, while total organic carbon ranged from 0.66 % to 0.84 % with a mean value of 0.769 % which indicated the soil was characterized by low organic content. The results of the geochemical analysis revealed that the major and minor element mean concentrations were in the order Si> Ca> Al> Fe> Mg > K> Ti> Na> P> Mn> S> Cl> N. The average concentrations of trace elements in soil samples followed the decreasing order Sr > Cr> Ba> Zr> Ni> V> Zn> Ta> Rb> Cu> Nb> Y> Pb> Co> Ga> Mo> As> Th> Br> Sn> I. Furthermore, the comparison between heavy metal concentrations in the soil of the study area and metal concentrations in the world soil limit and Indirect Geochemical Background revealed an increase in metal concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, As, Mo and Ta. Multivariate statistical analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis and Agglomerative Hierarchal Cluster Analysis, identified the potential sources of pollutants in the soil. Most metals are from natural sources and some of them are from anthropogenic sources mostly from agricultural activities mainly fertilizers use and the waste of animals breeding on farms. Besides industrial activities such as deposits of pollutants from emissions of petroleum refineries located inside or close to the study area. In addition, building blocks and paint factories.

Development of crude oil desalination unit by using solar flat plate collectors

To date, two-thirds of the world's crude oil reservoirs need desalination treatment to remove the salt content of crude oil. Ensuring the quality of produced crude oil shows the critical need for desalting units. But, these plants are one of the high-energy consuming processes, especially in the indirect-fired heaters. In this concern, exergy analysis investigated the thermodynamic efficiency of the plant's equipment. Aspen Hysys, and Matlab software are used for simulating and calculating the integrated system based on solar flat plate collectors. Based on exergy analysis, the most inefficient equipment are the skimmer tank, and dual indirect fired heaters by 680, 262 and 216 kW, respectively. Regarding the high rate of exergy destruction in the indirect fired heaters, implementing solar flat plate collectors as alternative equipment that is economically affordable was considered. The desalination unit has significant potential for using solar flat plate collectors, as determined by key solar characteristics such as temperature, clearness index, and daylight length. Mathematical modeling shows that maximum solar irradiation was attained at altitude angle (31°). The economical optimal area was assessed based on the life cycle saving cost parameter. After obtaining the optimal area, it was found that using 52000 m2 of solar flat plate can supply a proper substitute for inefficient heaters. A comprehensive economic analysis of this proposed plan is based on effective indicators, such as purchase side costs, maintenance costs, and fuel inflation rate. The economic results show that the investment cost will be reimbursed 14 years after start-up. This optimum area can reduce CO2 emission of heaters up to 83 %.

The significance of world oil prices and macroeconomic factors for the global competitiveness of countries

There has been a transition to renewable energy sources and the abandonment of fossil sources worldwide. Although many researchers have studied the influence of various factors on the competitiveness of selected national economies, there is little research on the impact of resource prices. Based on World Economic Forum (WEF) data, this study examined the impact of crude oil prices and macroeconomic indicators on oil exporting and importing countries' global competitiveness index (GCI). Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) to analyze panel data for 103 countries from 2006 to 2019, we found that rising oil prices increase countries' global competitiveness. Moreover, we assessed the impact of oil prices on GCI sub-indices. These effects are stronger for oil-importing countries than for oil-exporting countries. GDP growth, total factor productivity, average labor productivity, unemployment, and fixed broadband subscriptions, on average, had the most significant impact on countries' global competitiveness. The results draw attention to the most effective support areas for countries in the world's competitiveness ranking in the transition to renewable energy sources. In the medium and long term, oil exporting countries should use oil revenues mainly for innovative development and accumulation of human capital to improve positions in the WEF ranking.

Analysis of Crude Oil Price Determinants on Indonesia's Export Volume for the Period 1992 -2022

This study was motivated by curiosity about the impact of world oil prices on the economy in Indonesia. The study was conducted in Indonesia and used secondary data from relevant agencies. The analytical technique used is multiple linear regression with time series data from 1992 to 2022. The results show simultaneous production variables, worldwide oil prices, growth, and exchange rates. have the same effect on export volumes. However, part of the production variable has a positive and significant impact, the world oil price variable has a positive but insignificant effect, the economic growth variable has a positive and significant impact, the exchange rate variable has a negative impact and insignificant to the volume of Indonesia's crude oil exports.

Analisis dan Perancangan Alat Biogas Sebagai Energi Alternatif Skala Rumah Tangga Dalam Pemanfaatan Limbah Kotoran Sapi

<p><em>Energy in recent years has become a critical problem in the world. The increasing demand for energy due to population growth and depleted reserves is the problem of World Oil and Emissions. Fossil fuels bring pressure on every country to produce and use renewable energy. In addition, world oil prices have risen to $100 per barrel, which is also a serious cause that affects many countries' people. countries in the world, especially Indonesia. The method that needs to be used to improve the scarcity of Lpiji gas in Ambawang Village, Batu Ampar District is by using cow dung to become biogas. The stages are: Designing a household-scale biogas appliance, preparing materials and equipment, and testing the household-scale biogas appliance that has been designed. So it can reduce the scarcity of Lpiji gas. Based on observations in the Ambawang Village area, Batu Ampar District, they admitted that obtaining LPG fermented by anaerobic bacteria was difficult. The largest change in manometer air height occurred on days 19 and 30 in Variation S1, the change in manometer air height was 4 cm compared to the previous day. The total height of the manometer for 30 days was 28.2 cm. The pressure of biogas produced for 30 days was 104090.4 N/m2, the maximum amount of biogas evolution on days 19 and 30 was 0.4192011 m3, and the total amount of biogas for 30 days was 12.15 m3. The methane gas produced during 30 days of fermentation can be used on the stove for 51 minutes 34 seconds, and the color of the flame is slightly bluish, indicating that the methane gas produced still contains a small percentage of water. And can heat 1.5 liters of 93°C water for 12 minutes.</em><em></em></p>

Asymmetric Effects of World Energy Prices on Inflation in Indonesia

This study analyzes the asymmetric effect of changes in world energy prices, which include crude oil, natural gas, and coal prices, and the exchange rate on consumer price index (CPI) inflation in Indonesia. The models used in the analysis are quantile regression and dynamic ordinary least squares. The period studied is monthly in the period 2001M01 - 2022M12. The study results show that world crude oil prices have asymmetrically positive effects on CPI inflation when world oil prices increase and decrease. The fall in the price of crude oil has a more significant effect than the increase. The asymmetric impact of world crude oil prices on CPI inflation was also found between lower and middle quantiles. However, the short-run impact of rising crude oil prices is only found in the 7th quartile. So, the long-run effect is more dominant than the short-run effect. The role of the fuel subsidy policy, which the government manages, is beneficial in reducing inflationary fluctuations originating from fluctuations in world crude oil prices. Efforts to develop oil refineries in Indonesia that need to be done to reduce imports of crude oil and fuel are expected to be able to reduce the impact of world oil price fluctuations on domestic inflation in the future.

The Effect of World Oil Price on Türkiye’s Exchange Rate

Oil prices are used in international markets both as one of the key prices and as an indicator price for other energy sources other than oil. Especially in developing oil importing countries like Turkey, the relationship of this important input with the exchange rate has always been an interesting research topic. In this study, the relationship between oil prices and nominal exchange rate in Turkey is examined by causality tests using daily data set (total 5168 observations) for the period of 3 April 2013-3 April 2023. The findings obtained from the analyzes indicate the existence of a unilateral causality relationship between the variables. This positive relationship indicates that there is a causality running from oil prices to the exchange rate. On the other hand, there was no causal relationship from exchange rate to oil prices. The results obtained show similar results with such articles made before in the literature.

The Impact of the Increase of Oil Fuel Price and Government Subsidy on Indonesia’s Economic Performance

The policy of increasing domestic fuel oil, as a consequence of rising world oil prices, has resulted in changing economic conditions, bearing in mind that oil prices and production are wrong macroeconomic assumptions and are included in the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget. This study aims to determine the impact of rising fuel prices and government subsidies on Indonesia's economic performance. The data used in this study are time series data from 2000 to 2022. Data were obtained from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of Finance, and Bank Indonesia. This study uses an econometric model using a system of simultaneous equations. The research results show that; The main factors that caused the increase in domestic fuel prices, including crude oil prices, gasoline, diesel, kerosene and aviation fuel, were the increase in world oil prices and the previous year's oil prices. The estimation results also show that the increase in gasoline and diesel fuel can increase the number of poor people, unemployment and inflation in Indonesia. The policy simulation results show that the increase in oil prices has a significant impact on increasing the number of poor people, increasing unemployment and inflation, if this increase is not followed by subsidies in the form of non-energy.

Perspektif Opini Pelanggan pada Aplikasi MyPertamina menggunakan Metode Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)

Fluctuations in world oil prices are one of the major factors affecting the country's economic growth, including Indonesia. The government issued a fuel subsidy program, but the program was used by the wrong target and caused the government budget to swell. The solution is to provide programs to the right targets, the government created the MyPertamina application. MyPertamina's application reviews need to be further analyzed and researched to find out the customer's perspective on the application and help the government improve its work program. This study proposes the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic modeling method to analyze user reviews of the MyPertamina application. The methodology used in this research is starting with a literature study, data collection, data preprocessing, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling using LDA. The results of the analysis show that there are several negative reviews with most reviews being positive. This indicates that the MyPertamina application is a good program and right on target in distributing subsidized fuel. Based on the results of the analysis, the are some suggestions about improving application performance in the registration process and adding payment options through e-wallets other than LinkAja or m-banking. The conclusion of the perspective user, the MyPertamina application is effective in controlling subsidized fuel purchases and several user suggestions need to improve regarding registration and payment.

Geospatial Analysis For Determination Of Preferential Soil Conditions For The Desert Locust Oviposition

Understanding the thresholds of influencing parameters that favor the habitability of dangerous pests like desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) can aid in early detection and eradication using control operations. The life cycle of the desert locust and its behavioral changes are associated with the weather patterns and the region’s ecosystem settings. This study attempts to retrieve the preferential soil conditions like texture and moisture at the surface and subsurface levels for egg-laying by desert locusts. Towards this, Locust Hub, a comprehensive database of desert locusts maintained and disseminated by the Food and Agriculture Organisation under the Locust Watch program, was used to identify breeding site locations for 2017-2021. In this research, we extracted sand-silt-clay percentage at these breeding sites using SoilGrids ver. 2.0 from the World Soil Information Service database facilitated by International Soil Reference and Information Centre. Similarly, soil moisture conditions extracted from Level-4 data products of the Soil Moisture Active Passive mission for all these breeding sites aided in essaying the optimal soil conditions for the desert locust’s oviposition. This study’s results confirm the sand percentage in a broad range of 55-70% (for 90% of samples), followed by a narrow range of silt and clay with 19-24% and ~14-20%, respectively. Our study reveals that female desert locusts prefer sandy loam-textured soils for oviposition. The preferred range of soil moisture at the surface and subsurface resulted in 5-10% and 10-20%, respectively. These results confirm that dampness is required at the surface soil for initiating the oviposition by female desert locusts. Results from this research can aid in the early identification of breeding grounds during desert locusts’ invasion period.

Volatility of World Oil Prices Towards Venezuela's Economic Crisis

The drop in world oil prices, especially in 2014, caused Venezuela to experience a crisis. This is because oil is the country's main commodity and 95% of Venezuela's exports come from oil commodities. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. By using the theory of International Political Economy, International Organization, and Price Liberalization, the author tries to find out the causes of the decline in world oil prices and efforts to stabilize world oil prices in this case OPEC and market mechanisms. The results of this study indicate that Venezuela's financial inability to deal with falling oil prices due to inappropriate government policies such as the Venezuelan Social Program has caused Venezuela to experience an economic crisis. This then causes further impacts in the form of a humanitarian crisis, namely poverty, hunger, unemployment, crime, and an increase in the number of Venezuelan refugees. The series of crises resulted in Venezuela becoming one of the countries that failed to overcome domestic crises.

Analysis of Monetary Policy Intervention and Macroeconomic Variable Shocks Against Capital Inflow in 4 Emerging Countries ASEAN

This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic variable shocks which include economic growth, real effective exchange rate, and world oil prices as a proxy for world price stability and monetary policy intervention through controlling the money supply against capital inflow in four ASEAN emerging market countries. This study uses a panel error correction model approach to fully utilize secondary data from 2000 to 2022 in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. The data is collected from the World Bank and Fred Economic Data. The results of this study indicate that monetary policy intervention through money supply control significantly influences capital inflows to ASEAN emerging market countries in the long run. Then, economic growth significantly affects capital inflows in ASEAN emerging market countries in the long run. Changes in oil prices and the real effective exchange rate do not significantly affect capital inflows in the long run. Economic growth significantly affects capital inflows in the short term. Meanwhile, monetary policy intervention, the real effective exchange rate, and the oil price did not significantly affect capital inflows in the short term in ASEAN emerging market countries. The results of this study show interesting findings because world oil prices, as the main indicator of changes in business and trade around the world, empirically show no significant effect on changes in capital inflows in emerging market countries. Meanwhile, monetary policy intervention effectively adjusts the balance of capital inflows in the long run. So it can be concluded that monetary policy in emerging market countries effectively controls long-term balance.

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis.Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis.Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia‐Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1)Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia‐Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).

State and prospects of fuel supply for agriculture in Ukraine

In the context of martial law in Ukraine, when the oil refining industry has stopped and most of the logistics chains have been destroyed, the issue of ensuring the availability of fuel and energy resources for agricultural production – the guarantor of food supply in Ukraine and the world – is of particular relevance. The purpose of the article was to study the consumption of petroleum products in the agricultural sector of Ukraine under martial law, to investigate the state and state regulation of the market and fuel from petroleum products, and to forecast their price in the future. The following methods were used in the article: dialectical, abstract and logical, statistical, correlation and regression, tabular and graphical, analysis of series of dynamics and structural changes, comparison, strategic planning and forecasting. Based on the results of the research carried out using statistical methods, the article analyses the consumption of petrol and diesel fuel by agricultural enterprises and calculates their cost per hectare of harvested area. It was found that the decrease in fuel consumption in 2022 was due to the fact that ¼ of the sown areas were not sown due to the war. The share of fuel used for the needs of the agricultural sector was also investigated. The correlation and regression analysis revealed a close relationship between the exchange rate and the price of diesel fuel in Ukraine, and a negative relationship between the world oil price and the price of diesel fuel. Due to the established dependence, a model for calculating the price of diesel fuel based on world oil prices and the exchange rate is developed, and the price is calculated. It is substantiated that the main economic method of state regulation of the fuel market is the establishment of an excise tax. It is concluded that the reduction in the consumption of fuel and energy resources in the agricultural sector of Ukraine has led to a decrease in the energy intensity of agricultural products. The results of the research are of practical importance, which will allow identifying destabilizing factors in the oil and oil products market, as well as formulating the State’s policy that will promote the use of energy resources, in particular liquid fuel, in agriculture under martial law

Reaksi Pasar Keuangan Terhadap Nilai Tukar dan Minyak Dunia

This research aims to examine the influence of world exchange rates and oil on financial markets in Indonesia from 1993 to 2022. The type of data in this research is secondary data and multiple linear regression analysis methods. That the exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on the financial market in Indonesia, which means that every increase in the exchange rate is followed by an increase in the financial market in Indonesia. World oil has a negative and significant effect on the financial market in Indonesia, meaning that every increase in world oil will reduce the financial market in Indonesia.

Pengaruh Kenaikan Harga Bahan Bakar Minyak terhadap Pemilihan Moda Transportasi (Studi Kasus: Perkotaan Yogyakarta)

The increase in world oil prices has led to changes in the price of fuel oil (BBM) in Indonesia. The fuel price change policy impacts various sectors, including the transportation sector. Transportation is one of the basic human needs for moving from one place to another. Various factors are taken into consideration by the community in choosing the mode of transportation to be used. This study aims to analyze the impact of changes in fuel prices on preferences for transportation modes in urban Yogyakarta and to see how people's behaviour changes in mobility. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive and crosstab analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to identify the respondents' characteristics, the journey's characteristics, and the effect of rising fuel prices. Crosstab analysis is used to see the relationship between the characteristics of respondents and the choice of transportation mode before and after the fuel price increase. The data collection method was carried out by distributing questionnaires to the people of Yogyakarta. The choice of transportation mode when fuel oil increases does not change much, whereas in the scenario of changing fuel prices, there is a significant increase. This can be seen from the decrease in car users when there is an increase in the price of fuel oil, while the probability of motorcycle users when the fuel price rises until the fuel price is Rp 12,000 continues to increase, while when the fuel price is Rp 14,000 switch to using public transportation modes, namely the Trans Jogja bus. When the price of fuel oil increases, the frequency of primary trips does not change, while the frequency of secondary trips changes. Transportation costs incurred have increased, and the fuel used has changed; from the first, Pertamax switched to pertalite

Distribution of Ag, Au, Bi, Cu, and Mo in surface soils. Case study: Mitrovica region, Republic of Kosovo

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a geochemical investigation of an anthropogenic group of metals (Ag, Au, Bi, Cu, and Mo) in the surface of the Mitrovica region, Republic of Kosovo. In order to determine their content and to evaluate the contamination level, 156 topsoil samples were collected in an area of 301.5 km2. The content of elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the average content of Cu (42 mg/kg), Bi (1.5 mg/kg), Ag (0.44 mg/kg), and Au (2.7 μg/kg) exceeded their average content in European and world soils by 3.4 and 1.4 times; 3.0 and 7.5 times; 1.62 and 8.8 times and 2.7 and 1.8 times, respectively. The average Mo content (0.68 mg/kg) exceeded the average content in European soils by 1.09 times, while the average content in world soil was not exceeded. Copper levels exceeded the Dutch target value of 36 mg/kg in 152 km2 and the Dutch action value of 190 mg/kg in 6.2 km2 of the study area. The enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index values for the analysed elements indicate that their higher content is of anthropogenic origin, mainly due to lead and zinc mining and metallurgical activities in the study area. The quality of soils in the Mitrovica region varies from highly contaminated with copper and bismuth, with extremely high enrichment of Cu, Bi and Ag in the soils of the central zone (Zone I) and the urban soils of the cities of Zveçan and Mitrovica. Therefore, the establishment of a monitoring and treatment programme for contaminated soils in this zone would be necessary to protect human health .

DIGITALIZATION PROCESSES IN WESTERN ASIAN COUNTRIES

The relevance of the topic is predetermined, on the one hand, by the strengthening of the global trend of digitalization, and, on the other, by the need for individual countries and regions of the developing world to intensify their efforts in the field of the digital economy in order to diversify production and foreign trade. The process under study is considered as one of the opportunities for the transformation of the hydrocarbon specialization of most countries in Western Asia, the development of new high-tech and advanced industries based on regional cooperation and interaction with third countries. An important goal of the digital transformation of the countries of Western Asia remains the need to stabilize national socioeconomic development and reduce dependence on the volatility of the world oil market. In addition, according to the author, the experience of oil-producing and oil-exporting countries of Western Asia in the field of digitalization can be adapted for other resource-rich countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to analyze current trends in the development of digitalization in the Middle East countries, as well as new opportunities opening up to their socio-economic systems. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of digitalization, shows its main directions in the group of countries under consideration. Based on the analysis, the author argues the point of view that the introduction of digital technologies in Western Asia can bring huge social and economic benefits and contribute to the emergence of new jobs in a region with a high birth rate.