World Oil Production Research Articles

تصميم نظام غمر المياه لحقل الدفا النفطي

Currently, water-flooding is responsible for a big portion of world oil production. The vertical sweep efficiency and the areal coverage each of these requires careful sampling to get represented reservoir rock and fluid properties measures of reservoir heterogeneity, Economically, a pilot is a desirable tool for studying oil recovery performance on reservoir sample and then scaled up to yield the performance to be expected from field performance. Defa field was produced since 1968 with good oil flow rate reaching 200,000 BOPD but during the life of the field, the production decreased to 50,000 BOPD in 2001. So, this study was conducted to increase oil production by add some energy to the reservoir to increase average reservoir pressure and try to maintain it to initial pressure and to increase displacement and sweep efficiency. The water flooding design was implemented in sector model in the Defa field using five spots pattern. The study was performed by using Excel and Water Drive software to achieve a good water flooding design. When comparing the results obtained from two calculation methods, the minimum error was equal 0.03 percent and the maximum error was around 12 percent. So, the results were acceptable and the process was recommended to the Defa-field. Keywords: Water flooding; Software; Fractional Flow, Break through.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ МИРОВЫХ СОБЫТИЙ XX СТОЛЕТИЯ

The article retrospectively considers oil development history starting from the first use of the «black gold» in prehistoric times, first oil well drilling and ending with the oil industry development on the international level In the XX century. The author analyzes the correlation of human historic development and diversification of hydrocarbonic fuel usage. The article studies activities of the major oil corporations such as «Standard Oil», «Anglo-Persian Oil Company», as well as oil companies active at present – «Royal Dutch Shell», «British Petroleum», «Agip», etc. The impact of such pivotal events in the world history as Russian 1917 Revolution, WWI, WWII, post-WWII decolonization process and etc. on oil and gas market is examined. Complex interdependence of world historical events and oil production development is studied in the research. Comparative analysis of these developments and mutual impact of events is provided. Oil is considered as both a strategic fuel and an instrument of foreign policy.

Comprehensive analysis of fine particle migration and swelling: Impacts of salinity, pH, and temperature

About 70% of the world's oil production comes from reservoirs with loose reservoir rock. The looseness of the reservoir rock causes fine particles to move during production. Additionally, there are different types of clays in the reservoir, which have the possibility of swelling in addition to migration. Migration and swelling of fine particles result in increased permeability reduction and formation damage. Identifying the migration and swelling mechanisms of fine particles can prevent the migration and swelling of fine particles in the porous media. As a result, it prevented production reduction and excess production costs and increased the EOR process's efficiency. Salinity, pH, and water temperature changes can significantly affect fine migration and swelling. This research investigates a laboratory's parameters affecting injection water, such as salinity, pH, and temperature. Due to the precision in analyzing the results and a better understanding of the mechanisms, synthetic cores containing fine particles and clays were used. The permeability, turbidity, electron microscope images, and pH data showed that the change in salinity, pH, and temperature disturbs the balance between the rock's surface and fine particles. With the decrease of salinity below the critical concentration of salt, permeability reduction and turbidity were observed. In this case, the dominant mechanism was the migration of fine and clay particles. When the pH of the injection fluid increased, the permeability reduction increased, the turbidity decreased, and the predominant mechanism was the swelling of fine particles. An increase in temperature also caused an increase in permeability reduction and turbidity. The mechanisms of migration and swelling were supposed to be simultaneous with the temperature rise.

PROMISING DEVELOPMENTS AND SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGICAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION IN THE MIDDLE EAST REGION

Technological and economic trends in the development of the oil and gas industry form promising directions for the development of geological research, oil and gas fields development and hydrocarbons production. Currently, in the world oil and gas production practice, there is a tendency to increase the share of involvement in the hard-to-reach and hard-to-recover reserves development, which results in the cost of geological exploration increasing. It is important to minimize these costs by improving existing and developing new technological solutions. Increasing the efficiency and knowledge intensity of new technologies being introduced is the most promising strategy for exploration activities, oil and gas fields development and exploitation.The current conditions for the exit of most foreign companies from the Russian sector of the oil and gas industry, including the search for potential oil locations, require the development or maintenance at the proper level of own innovative and knowledge-intensive solutions that ensure the further systematic development of the geological exploration sector. A potential vector in this direction could be technology transfer from foreign countries, including most of the Middle East and North Africa countries. The innovative activities of up stream in these countries (including in terms of geological exploration) determine the trends in the development of international geological exploration technologies, as well as potential foreign companies for the systematic institutionalization of mutually beneficial relations between Russian and foreign oil businesses.Saudi Arabia, Israel and Iraq companies develop promising innovative solutions for the oil and gas industry exploration sector, including attracting foreign technologies to their market. Saudi Arabian companies are the most active companies with a significant increase in the number of innovative technologies. The main focus of the innovative solutions developed by these companies for the geological exploration sector is: improving methods of laboratory and geophysical research, improving the quality of seismic exploration, as well as introducing mathematical modeling modern trends in geological exploration.

Quantitative models for interconnection of indicators for sustainable development of oil companies

Currently, there is an established understanding of the importance of the role and efforts of business, including the oil business, in achieving the global goals of sustainable development set by the UN, which determine the need to implement an integrated and balanced approach to development in the economic, environmental and social aspects The formation, implementation and adjustment of sustainable development strategies for oil companies of Russian origin are considered on the example of the sustainable development strategy of PJSC LUKOIL, a vertically integrated private transnational oil company, which accounts for 2% of world oil production and 1% of proven hydrocarbon reserves. The article is devoted to the results of studying the relationship between individual indicators of sustainable development on the basis of sectoral statistics tools. The study is based on the hypothesis of the relationship between the level of the company's capitalization and such an indicator of sustainable development as the replenishment of hydrocarbon reserves as a result of geological exploration. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to ensure production with hydrocarbon reserves and the rational use of non-renewable natural resources, as well as to study the attitude of oil companies to the prospects for the development of their main business in an unstable economy and the need to adjust strategies. The authors made an attempt to determine the closeness of the relationship between these indicators using the correlation regression analysis.

Forecasting supercritical behavior of drill strings in horizontal wells

The determining factor in the current changes in the world energy balance and its structure, as well as the global development of the oil and gas industry, is currently the technological factor. As a result, fundamentally new categories of horizontal and inclined wells appeared and developed. They give a multiple increase in flow rates, as they increase the production area many times over. They are used in the development of offshore projects, in swampy and very difficult areas, to increase oil recovery, restoration of inactive wells.
 New technologies based on the method of horizontal drilling have revolutionized the practice and theory of world oil production, as they have allowed the destruction of offshore oil and gas fields without the construction of expensive offshore foundations and platforms.
 When drilling horizontal wells, as a rule, the main cause of emergencies is the loss of stability of the drill string, its bifurcation protrusion and the maximum frictional interaction with the well wall. The issues of theoretical modeling of the phenomenon of unstable protrusion of columns are associated with significant difficulties, the main of which is due to the need to set the Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem on a large length of drill string. Because for deep wells, the drill string becomes geometrically similar to a human hair, many traditional mathematical methods used to integrate solving equations become poorly convergent in these cases.
 Based on the theory of curvilinear flexible rods, the problem of theoretical modeling of supercritical states of drill strings taking into account their contact interaction with the walls of oil and gas wells is set. Analytical solutions of the problem are constructed, which determine the critical values of external tensile or compressive longitudinal force and torque at a given difference in the diameters of the cavity and the drill string, the zones of supercritical states of drill strings are established.

Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs

In world practice, the role of reproduction of raw material base of oil production by implementing modern methods of oil recovery enhancement (thermal, gas, chemical, microbiological) on the basis of innovative techniques and technologies is rapidly growing and is becoming more important. It is concluded that at present, the priority of increasing oil reserves in world oil production is the development and industrial introduction of modern integrated methods of enhanced oil recovery, which can provide a synergistic effect in the development of new and developed oil fields. This article presents a review and comparative analysis of theoretical and practical methods of improving oil recovery of conventional and unconventional reservoirs. The paper examines in detail methods of improving oil recovery, taking into account the factors of enhanced oil recovery of oil reservoirs. Considered the main methods and technologies currently used to develop oil fields and recommendations for their effective use, taking into account the variety of external factors of oil production: the geological structure of the reservoir, its volume, and properties of oils. It is shown that there is no universal method of oil reservoir development, and it must be chosen after a thorough feasibility study among several proposed models. When describing the methods of enhanced oil recovery, special attention is also paid to the physical processes that occur as a result of applying the technology. In conclusion, the positive and negative characteristics of the presented methods included in EOR are presented, and recommendations that may influence the choice of practical solutions for engineers and oil producers are given. Conclusions are made that development systems, placement and choice of operating mode of wells essentially depend on the geological structure of the reservoir, its volume and properties of oils. An important role in this is the construction of a geological model of the production facility. The used hydrodynamic models of development are based on physical laws, about which oil producers sometimes don’t even suspect, and the authors of the models are not always able to convey it to the real producers. The authors consider it reasonable to make a logical generalizing conclusion that understanding processes occurring in the reservoir and taking appropriate measures for optimization and intensification of oil production will allow making oil production as effective as possible.

The Impact of COVID-19 on World Oil Producers: Time is Important

Abstract The COVID-19 crisis had a significant impact on world oil producers. Within a welfare economic framework, Schmitz, A., C. B. Moss, and T. G. Schmitz. 2020. “The Economic Effects of COVID-19 on the Producers of Ethanol, Corn, Gasoline, and Oil.” Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 18 (2): 1–18, estimated that the minimum cost of COVID-19 in 2020 to world oil producers was roughly US$ 1 trillion. They used actual oil production data for January 1st, 2020, through June 30th, 2020, and forecast world oil production and prices from July 1st to December 31st, 2020. This paper extends the 2020 analysis using actual production and price data for 2020 and 2021 to calculate the change in producer economic rents during the COVID-19 pandemic for global oil producers (U.S., Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the Rest of the World). Despite losses in 2020 to world oil producers due to the COVID-19 pandemic, world oil producers saw significant gains in 2021, which more than offset losses in 2020. At a minimum, world oil producers realized a net gain of $US 829 billion over the two periods.

Трансформация мирового рынка нефти: драйверы и перспективы

The world oil market is in the process of profound transformation. Under the influence of both long-term trends and recent exogenous shocks in the form of the global coronavirus pandemic and the geopolitical crisis around Ukraine, global oil demand, world oil production and trade in crude oil and petroleum products are being transformed in real time. The main driver of the restructuring of the oil market is the approaching risk of peak of global oil demand. On the supply side strengthening the position of the United States in world oil production, which is the result of technological breakthroughs in the methods of tight oil extraction is observed. The short-term elasticity of oil supply has increased markedly. Sluggish dynamics of global demand for oil against the backdrop of an expanding opportunity for a rapid increase in oil production have significantly reduced the risk of a shortage of oil supply, at least in the medium term. This forces the OPEC countries, which are in dire need of maximizing oil export revenues in order to maintain acceptable economic growth rates, to restrain oil production at the expense of their market niche. Western sanctions against the Russian oil and gas sector provoked a reorientation of Russian oil exports to the markets of friendly and nonaligned countries, primarily to India and China, as well as Turkey. In Europe, the former niches of Russian oil are taken by the United States and OPEC countries. To avoid the risks of falling under secondary sanctions, importers of Russian oil buy it with a price discount. In fact, world oil trade has taken a dual structure: the vast majority of oil is traded using market price quotations, while at the same time, a segment of trade in relatively cheap oil has emerged. Until 2022, this segment was formed by Iranian and Venezuelan oil, but it was much more modest in terms of absolute volume. The parallel existence of two segments in the world oil trade led to sharpening of competition between oil exporters. A return to normality could be a new shock for the oil market.

The influence from a demand perspective with real economic activity: China versus the United States in world oil markets

AbstractIn this paper, we provide direct evidence for an increasingly critical role of China in the world oil markets. Specifically, our empirical results confirm that the influence of China's oil demand on the oil price of the world has increased over time and surpassed that of the United States. The contribution of demand perspective from China are formally quantified by three key variables of world oil market, which are world oil production, real economic activity and the real price of crude oil. The impact of oil demand from China is used to compared with those from other oil markets, including shocks from the United States. We also construct suitable proxies that reflect real economic activity from these economies, and identify them via a structural vector autoregressive model to disentangle the influence of oil demand from China, the United States and the rest of the world. Our results confirm the finding of recent research, which is the increasing demand for oil from developing countries has become a key driver of the price of oil.

Analysis of energy future pathways for Ecuador facing the prospects of oil availability using a system dynamics model. Is degrowth inevitable?

The aim of this paper is to develop a system dynamics model to assess the energy future up to 2050 for Ecuador considering its condition of oil producing country. Three scenarios have been developed with different assumptions regarding national and global oil availability under a Business-As-Usual narrative.Energy demand would have a 2.4-fold increase by 2050 with predominance of petroleum products in a BAU scenario with unlimited oil access. In constrained scenarios, restricted availability of oil might pressure final demand to be reduced in 31%–40% compared to BAU. Limited imports of oil and petroleum products might produce shortages in supply, causing a downfall in economic activity in sectors with high dependency on these fuels Electricity would partially substitute fossil fuels but is not enough to offset economy decay in constrained scenarios. Limiting oil exports would not have an important effect since the decline of Ecuador's oil wells is expected to be too fast. Oil exports would cease by 2030–2045. When BAU scenarios are evaluated considering limited fossil energy access in a decaying world oil production, arise the necessity to explore new strategies to deal with an energy/economic shock.

The Impact of Oil Price Fluctuation on the Price of Agricultural Products Considering the Food Crisis Periods

Introduction: Fluctuations of oil price and petroleum products have had different effects on great economic variables. One of these cases would be Dutch Disease in some countries. The aim of this paper is to study The effect of Oil Price Fluctuation on the Price of Agricultural Products. Materials and Methods: In this paper we used the PVAR method. The statistical information of 14 oil-importing countries and 10 oil-exporting countries in the time period of 1990-2018 was used. The variables used in this study include corn price logarithm, rice price logarithm, soybeans price logarithm, wheat price logarithm, barley price logarithm, real currency rate logarithm, crude oil price logarithm, world oil production logarithm, world real economic activity logarithm and oil safety reserve logarithm. Findings: The price reaction of these products to oil shocks, total demand and merchandise market are similar and meaningfully positive in both oil exporting and oil importing countries in terms of direction, intensity and pattern. The results indicate that the oil price shocks lead to an increase in the price of agricultural products. Conclusion: It seems that to The results concluded out of price change estimations of agricultural products (corn and soybeans in particular) show that in addition to direct effect, oil shocks indirectly influence the price of agricultural products via total supply and demand shocks.

CHINA’S HIGH SPEED RAILWAY AND THE STRATEGIC INTEREST IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

The objective of this research is to elaborate the strategic advance that will be gained by China both in economic and political sectors. China’s transforming as a new global power, entered in five main destinations for foreign investment, become the consumer of 20%-25% of the world’s iron, steel, aluminum and third consumer of world oil production. China's ability in operating high technology attracts the world to admit China’s role in world politics. High-speed railway (HSR) technology started to investigate in 2004 and entered the production process in 2008; HSR becomes strategic tool for China when it promotes to Southeast Asia. By initiating HSR, China will be able to control the mobility of China's products in the region; the catalyst of the China’s southwestern growth; improving trade and the industrial sector. Supporting one belt one road policy and transforming the bad image of China will be the strategic way in the political sector.
 The elaboration of the soft power concept by Joseph Nye, Joshua Kurlantzick, and the Chinese conception is the guideline in this study. Qualitative analysis in library research is the main method. Data is taken from books, journals, reports, and websites.

Asymmetric Determinants of Oil Price Movements in Pakistan

In this research we are interested to investigate the presence of asymmetries in the long run and short run relationship between Pakistan oil prices and a set of major determinants of oil prices namely, Saudi oil production, world oil production, exchange rate and spread.We use nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) bounds testing approach that allows possible asymmetric effect in both short and long run. Results provide the evidence of asymmetries in both short and long run relationship among Pakistan oil prices and determinants under consideration. Considering the importance of asymmetric non-linearity in this context, it is shown that exchange rate bears more, a moderate of world oil production and Saudi oil production and up-to a lesser extent spread constitute an important determinant of Pakistan oil prices.Our findings have relevant implications for investors, speculators and particularly for policy makers of Pakistan’s economy.

Evaluating the influence of energy prices on tight oil supply with implications on the impacts of COVID-19

Tight oil reached about 8% of world oil production in 2019, a fraction only lower than Russia and Saudi Arabia. With such a large amount, the fluctuation in tight oil production can substantially influence the balance of the world oil market. However, due to the short history of large-scale tight oil development, the influence of oil prices on tight oil supply is not well studied. This paper analyzes the price responsiveness of tight oil supply in the United States using an econometric method and well-level play-specific panel data. The result is further used to estimate the influence of COVID-19 on tight oil production. The regression results show that the oil price elasticity was 2.0 for tight oil drilling and 0.5 for tight oil production in 2010–2016. The gas price elasticity is insignificant in both cases. Forecasts using the estimated econometric model show that tight oil production will decrease by 1.3–2.3 million barrels per day (16–28%) under different price scenarios. However, tight oil is not likely to be a “swing producer” and OPEC will continue to lead production cuts under low prices. The estimated price elasticities contribute to more accurate forecasts of tight oil supply. The conclusions also have significant policy implications for major oil-producing countries.

An Improved Correlation to Investigate the Effect of Chemical Additives on the Mobility Ratio of Two-Phase Flow

World energy demand continues to increase, as they evolve, and developing countries consume more energy to keep their rising factories going. A significant portion of the energy demand is supplied by fossil fuels, especially crude oil. Therefore, in order to satisfy the world's energy demand, oil reserves and oil production capability must be increased. This objective can be accomplished by enhancing the recovery efficiency of the existing generating or mature reservoirs through the application of increased oil recovery. The injection of fluids into oil reservoirs has the purpose of supplementing natural energy and is used in some cases to engage with the reservoir's rock/oil system, standardizing for oil recovery, such as lower interfacial stress, oil swelling, reduction of oil viscosity and adjustment of wettability. Subject to comprehensive studies, in heavy oil reservoirs, polymer injection is not dependent on large technological instruments, requiring only mixing and filtration equipment, except for those already used for traditional water injections. In addition, polymers are non-toxic and corrosive and can produce desirable mobility ratios. The implementation of this approach decreases the output ratio of water to oil, thus decreasing operating. In the present work, thirty-five data points from experimental work had been investigated to develop a new correlation for viscosity of water by using the suitable program. It was analyzed the influence of the polymer additives on the mobility ratio, temperature and concentration effect on mobility ratio, and viscosity altering with the additives have been investigated. The results of the correlation showed acceptable agreement between the observed and predicted viscosity values. As a contrast to the polymer additives approach, pure water was proposed.

An Improved Correlation to Investigate the Effect of Chemical Additives on the Mobility Ratio of Two-Phase Flow

World energy demand continues to increase, as they evolve, and developing countries consume more energy to keep their rising factories going. A significant portion of the energy demand is supplied by fossil fuels, especially crude oil. Therefore, in order to satisfy the world's energy demand, oil reserves and oil production capability must be increased. This objective can be accomplished by enhancing the recovery efficiency of the existing generating or mature reservoirs through the application of increased oil recovery. The injection of fluids into oil reservoirs has the purpose of supplementing natural energy and is used in some cases to engage with the reservoir's rock/oil system, standardizing for oil recovery, such as lower interfacial stress, oil swelling, reduction of oil viscosity and adjustment of wettability. Subject to comprehensive studies, in heavy oil reservoirs, polymer injection is not dependent on large technological instruments, requiring only mixing and filtration equipment, except for those already used for traditional water injections. In addition, polymers are non-toxic and corrosive and can produce desirable mobility ratios. The implementation of this approach decreases the output ratio of water to oil, thus decreasing operating. In the present work, thirty-five data points from experimental work had been investigated to develop a new correlation for viscosity of water by using the suitable program. It was analyzed the influence of the polymer additives on the mobility ratio, temperature and concentration effect on mobility ratio, and viscosity altering with the additives have been investigated. The results of the correlation showed acceptable agreement between the observed and predicted viscosity values. As a contrast to the polymer additives approach, pure water was proposed.

Use of biodegradable polymer for development of environmental tracers: a bibliometric review

Qualitative and quantitative measuring in water bodies, nuclear medicine, agriculture, and world oil production use tracers to monitor, evaluate and continuously improve their processes. The bibliometric information about the past and the future of artificial tracers, to monitor surface and groundwater by using sustainable biodegradable materials it will be important for future generation. To fulfil this purpose, bibliometric literature analysis has been considered as a solution to identify research areas that need to be improved. The results of this paper showed that even with the increase in research in ​​biopolymers, and the use of artificial tracers, academic development is still not significant. The United States, China, and Germany are the top publishers in this field however, there is no country that constantly develops research in these areas concomitantly using biodegradable polymers. Because of that, this field could be further explored, globally using innovative techniques and materials for new tracers.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАБОТЫ РОССИЙСКИХ НЕФТЕГАЗОВЫХ КОМПАНИЙ НА КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНОМ ШЕЛЬФЕ ЮЖНО-КИТАЙСКОГО МОРЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ МИРЕ

Today, when almost all major oil and gas fields on land have been discovered and developed, Russian oil and gas companies pay special attention to one of their promising areas of activity — the exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources of the continental shelf. While technology and shale oil production are progressing rapidly, it is undeniable that the future of world oil production lies on the continental shelf of the world's oceans. In recent years, Russian oil and gas companies have shown interest in foreign projects. This, according to experts, is due to economic reasons, in particular, a high level of profitability. The cost of oil production in a number of countries is many times lower than in Russia. In Iraq, for example, the cost of producing a barrel of oil is sometimes below $1, and in Western Siberia the cost can reach $12 per barrel. Another advantage for Russian investors with participation in foreign projects is their access to advanced technologies.

Comparative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Regulatory Mechanisms of the Oil and Gas Industry and Industrial Waste Processing

Many forecasts agree that the volume of the world oil production will soon peak and then begin to decline. Other studies conclude that stocks oils are not running out, they are becoming less available. The future is uncertain, it is impossible to plan it precisely. Nevertheless, this industry is one of the most profitable in the Republic of Kazakhstan, where oil production is constantly increasing, all regulatory mechanisms are in place, and although their effectiveness is not assessed high, however, a mechanism for interaction with all sectors of the economy has been established. Major problems were found in the regulatory and environmental management of the oil industry; however, it can be noted that in the processing industry of manufactured enterprises there is no interaction with many sectors of the economy. The authors proposed to compare the effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms in the oil and gas industry and in the industry of processing of industrial waste. Subsequently, it was revealed that the mechanisms for regulating the industrial waste processing industry were practically not developed, and the problems arising in this industry ignored by government agencies. In this way, avoiding the problems of the industrial waste processing industry brings Kazakhstan to environmental disaster.