World Carbon Emissions Research Articles

Coupled Oxygen-Enriched Combustion in Cement Industry CO2 Capture System: Process Modeling and Exergy Analysis

The cement industry is regarded as one of the primary producers of world carbon emissions; hence, lowering its carbon emissions is vital for fostering the development of a low-carbon economy. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies play significant roles in sectors dominated by fossil energy. This study aimed to address issues such as high exhaust gas volume, low CO2 concentration, high pollutant content, and difficulty in carbon capture during cement production by combining traditional cement production processes with cryogenic air separation technology and CO2 purification and compression technology. Aspen Plus® was used to create the production model in its entirety, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted on pertinent production parameters. The findings demonstrate that linking the oxygen-enriched combustion process with the cement manufacturing process may decrease the exhaust gas flow by 54.62%, raise the CO2 mass fraction to 94.83%, cut coal usage by 30%, and considerably enhance energy utilization efficiency. An exergy analysis showed that the exergy efficiency of the complete kiln system was risen by 17.56% compared to typical manufacturing procedures. However, the cryogenic air separation system had a relatively low exergy efficiency in the subsidiary subsystems, while the clinker cooling system and flue gas circulation system suffered significant exergy efficiency losses. The rotary kiln system, which is the main source of the exergy losses, also had low exergy efficiency in the traditional production process.

Research on low‐carbon system of biomass combustion and solar‐energy power generation based on MP‐PIC simulation

AbstractTo vigorously reduce CO2 emission in the energy sector is an inevitable choice to achieve world's carbon emission reduction and to accelerate the construction of a modern energy system. The development of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage technology (CCUS) is of great significance for promoting low carbon utilization of traditional energy and realizing the low carbon transformation of coal power industry. The joint development of biomass combustion integrated with new energy technology and consideration of fuel conversion CO2 capture from the source is a technical solution with high efficiency and low energy consumption in coordination, which will bring new development opportunities for conventional thermal power industry. In this study, a low carbon system of collaborative renewable energy CO2 source capture is constructed. Numerical simulation method of multiphase flow coupled with thermal mass transfer and chemical reaction of the combustion mathematical model is employed to study the combustion characteristics in the biomass combustion system. The combustion efficiency, carbon conversion, and pollutant emissions are calculated compared with the conventional coal combustion system. Hydrogen production and CO2 emissions are analyzed based on life cycle assessment method. The energy integration full‐chain system of geological storage and CCUS is optimized, which is committed to achieving nearly zero carbon emission in the thermal power industry, contributing to the global low CO2 emission work.

Analysis of Flettner Rotor to Reduce Carbon Emissions in Container and Bulk Carriers

One thousand seventy-six million tonnes, or 2,89% of world carbon emissions, result from maritime transportation annually. One of the solutions to tapering down this trend is to create fossil-free renewable energy. Due to weather conditions, wind energy is the potential energy to achieve significant fuel savings. Flettner rotor is feasible for several container carriers with various deadweight tonnage (DWT), rotor dimensions, and efficiency results. This research conducted in the Indonesian Sea uses a parametric calculation to analyze the application of the Flettner rotor in several types of bulk and container carriers with six rotor specifications to minimize carbon emission and optimize the load. This study shows the optimal efficiency of ships after using the Flettner rotor. Flettner rotor can reduce 330.15 kg of fuel in 251,667 DWT of bulk carrier and 559,22 kg on 94,727 DWT container carrier. This study also proves the decrease of carbon emission to 288.86 kg in the bulk carrier and 488.98 kg of carbon emission from the container carrier after using the Flettner rotor. This result of efficiencies can be modified and raised according to the number of installed rotors.

PRODUCTION PROCESS OF MORTAR DURABLE TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES

Since global warming affects the world, using environmentally friendly products in every aspect of our lives is of great importance for both current and future generations. The firing stage in the cement production process corresponds to approximately 5% of the world's carbon emissions. The increasing cost of cement production and the high carbon emissions caused by production have encouraged people to seek alternative construction materials to cement. Addition of the pozzolan as construction materials to the mortar and concrete improves the various properties of these mixtures. The aim of this study is to investigate the mortar production process and compressive strength of mortars produced using different ratios of zeolite and fly ash, after the high temperatures effect. After being heated to the various temperature levels, changes in the compressive strength with the increase of temperature were examined.

Sustainable Construction Practices: Balancing Environmental Responsibility and Project Success

The construction industry has a large carbon footprint. According to the World Green Building Council, almost 40 percent of the world's carbon emissions are generated by the construction sector. It also accounts for around 25 percent of the world's solid waste output. This paper seeks to demonstrate the need to decrease wasteful by products while curbing emissions.

Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme ve Karbon Emisyonları İlişkisinin N-Şekilli Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi: Yeni Sanayileşmiş Ülkeler (NICs)

Climate change and environmental degradation have become an issue that has focused on the whole world in recent years. In many studies on this subject, the existence of an inverted U-shaped Kuznets Curve has been analyzed. In this study, a model was established to analyze the N-shaped Kuznets Curve in order to see the long-term position of the relation between economic growth andenvironmental degradation. New industrialized Countries (NICs), which have a substantial effect on world carbon emissions, are also discussed in the study. Panel data analysis was used to examine the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth over the period from 1970 to 2019.In the analysis, first of all, the cross-section dependence (CSD) was tested and it was decided that the second-generation tests would be continued according to the results. In the subsequent Westerlund hand-integration analysis, it was concluded that there was co-integration between the series and that they would act together in the long run. Finally, the CCE method, which is one of the long-term estimators, was used and analyzes were carried out by establishing three different models. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that energy consumption positively affects carbon emissions, the existence of an inverted U-shaped Kuznets Curve for the entire panel and the existence of an N-shaped Kuznets Curve throughout the panel could not be proven.

Ocean Overfishing under the "Tragedy of the Commons" Theory

Today's poor overall marine environment and severe overfishing have led to some negative impacts around the world. The topic of this research is the effect of overfishing and how to solve the problem of overfishing. Besides, this paper used the literature research method to study this topic. The survey results show that overfishing has a negative impact on the local environment and the ocean in all three locations, Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay, Newfoundland fishery, Gulf of Aardvark. We should pay attention to this problem and start to deal with it. The paper argued that overfishing can affect marine biodiversity, reduce species or even lead to species extinction. In addition, overfishing increases the world's carbon emissions, which ultimately leads to global warming.

Energy‐efficiency and sustainability in new generation cloud computing: A vision and directions for integrated management of data centre resources and workloads

AbstractCloud computing has become a critical infrastructure for modern society, like electric power grids and roads. As the backbone of the modern economy, it offers subscription‐based computing services anytime, anywhere, on a pay‐as‐you‐go basis. Its use is growing exponentially with the continued development of new classes of applications driven by a huge number of emerging networked devices. However, the success of Cloud computing has created a new global energy challenge, as it comes at the cost of vast energy usage. Currently, data centres hosting Cloud services world‐wide consume more energy than most countries. Globally, by 2025, they are projected to consume 20% of global electricity and emit up to 5.5% of the world's carbon emissions. In addition, a significant part of the energy consumed is transformed into heat which leads to operational problems, including a reduction in system reliability and the life expectancy of devices, and escalation in cooling requirements. Therefore, for the future generations of Cloud computing to address the environmental and operational consequences of such significant energy usage, they must become energy‐efficient and environmentally sustainable while continuing to deliver high‐quality services. In this article, we propose a vision for learning‐centric approach for the integrated management of new generation Cloud computing environments to reduce their energy consumption and carbon footprint while delivering service quality guarantees. In this article, we identify the dimensions and key issues of integrated resource management and our envisioned approaches to address them. We present a conceptual architecture for energy‐efficient new generation Clouds and early results on the integrated management of resources and workloads that evidence its potential benefits towards energy efficiency and sustainability.

Transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency and economic growth: a perspective from nighttime lights remote sensing

The carbon emissions are essential for climate change and 26% of the world's carbon emissions are related to transport. But focusing only on fewer carbon emissions might be biased at times. In order to keep a balance be-tween economic growth and carbon emissions reduction, this paper evaluated the performance of carbon control by considering the input factors and output factors together, which is more comprehensive and reliable. Firstly, this paper has calculated the transport carbon emissions reduction efficiency (TCERE) based on the model of super SBM with undesirable outputs. The input factors include capital stock, labor force and fossil energy con-sumption. And the output factors include gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emissions. Then the influenc-ing factors of TCERE were analyzed using econometric models. The economic growth, transport structure, tech-nology level and population density were posited as influencing factors. This paper creatively proposed the per capita nighttime lights brightness as a new indicator for economic growth. An empirical study was conducted in East China from 2013 to 2017, and this study has found that the relationship between TCERE and economic growth shows an U-shape. Besides, transport structure and technology level both show a positive impact on TCERE. The implications of our findings are that: (a) The TCERE declines slower in East China, giving us reason to believe that the improvement of TCERE is predictable; (b) When economic growth exceeds the turning point, economic growth is conducive to the improvement of TCERE. We could develop the economy boldly and confident-ly; (c) Increased investment in railway and waterway transportation infrastructure projects is needed to strengthen the structure of the railway and waterway transportation systems. Furthermore, the general public and businesses should be encouraged to prefer rail or river transportation; (d) Investment in scientific and technological innova-tion should be enhanced in order to produce more efficient energy-use methods.

ELECTRIC VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM USING ADAPTIVE SIMULATED ANNEALING

Road transport is a major CO2 emission contributor globally. To tackle the challenge of reducing world carbon emissions, alternative technologies for the automobile industry are widely researched. The automotive industry has started to shift from Internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs), where EVs are the future of the automotive industry in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. EV manufacturers are continuously looking for opportunities to optimize the supply chain processes, aiming for supply chain resilience. In this study, we present an Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) to achieve the best decision, which is an extension of the traditional Vehicle routing problem (VRP) which in particular finding the shortest route for electric vehicles. The objective function is to find the best travel route that minimizes travel distance. Each route serves a set of customer nodes that starts and ends at a given depot node. We take battery capacity and charging stations as the constraints. In addition, the use of homogenous fleets and single depot are considered in this paper. A hybrid metaheuristic approach is used to find the best solution with the Adaptive Simulated Annealing algorithm. The use of adaptive in simulated annealing generates a higher probability of finding the best operators, which results in better solutions. A comparison of results from various metaheuristic methods is also presented in this paper to get the best method for the EVRP based on a benchmark dataset. This paper ends with recommendations for creating a routing plan that is resilient to disruptions to distribution.

We Deserve What We Get: The Roles of Reasons and Just-World-Belief in Explaining Sustainable Clothing Consumption Values-Actions Gap

Despite climate strikes and calls for climate action and sustainable consumption, clothing consumption still accounts for the second highest carbon footprint and 10% of the world's carbon emissions, creating a social and environmental emergency. This paper extends behavioral reasoning theory with the Just-World-Belief to explain the role of reasons in the value-action gap. The paper posits that the effect of green values on climate actions is explained by reasons and Just-World-Belief. The model is tested with structural equation modeling using data from 256 Nigerian consumers, and the results reveal an unexpected negative effect of green values on climate action. Moreover, while reasons against are detrimental to climate action, reasons for have a positive effect on climate action. Furthermore, reasons (for and against) partially mediate the association between values and action, and the Just-World-Belief positively moderates the relationship between values, reasons, and climate actions. The findings suggest the need for policy interventions to stimulate green values and encourage consumers to engage in climate actions when buying and using clothes.

Climate Change and Travel: Harmonizing to Abate Impact.

With climate change being the single biggest health threat facing humanity, this review aims to identify the climate-sensitive health risks to the traveler and to recognize the role that travel plays in contributing to the detrimental effects of climate change. With this understanding, adaptations for transformational action can be made. Travel and tourism, including transportation, food consumption, and accommodation, is responsible for a large percentage of the world's carbon emissions which is contributing to the climate change crisis at an alarming rate. Climate change is a health emergency that is resulting in a rise of significant health impacts to the traveler including increased heat illnesses; food-, water-, and vector-borne diseases; and increasing risk of exposure to emerging infectious diseases. Patterns of future travel and destination choices are likely to change due to climactic factors such as temperature and extreme weather events, forced migration, degradation, and disappearance of popular and natural tourist destinations. Global warming is and will continue to alter the landscape of travel medicine with expansion of transmission seasons and geographic ranges of disease, increased risk of infections and harmful marine toxins, and introduction of emerging infections to naïve populations. This will have implications for pre-travel counseling in assessing risk and discussing the environmental influences on travel. Travelers and stakeholders should be engaged in a dialogue to understand their "climate footprint," to innovate sustainable solutions, and be empowered to make immediate, conscientious, and responsible choices to abate the impact of breaching critical temperature thresholds.

Review and Demonstration of the Potential of Bitcoin Mining as a Productive Use of Energy (PUE) to Aid Equitable Investment in Solar Micro- and Mini-Grids Worldwide

Despite the climate commitments made by countries in the Paris Climate Agreement adopted in 2015 and reinforced during COP 21 and with notably less success during COP 22, world carbon emissions increased in both 2021 and 2022. It is increasingly unlikely that the world will achieve the targeted 50% carbon reduction by 2030, the reduction approximately needed for reducing global temperature rise since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution to less than 1.5 deg. C. At the same time, there remain nearly 2 billion people in the world who have no or highly unreliable access to power. In developed countries, access to both clean energy and energy efficiency investment in residences within low to moderate income communities has also lagged. This paper provides a review of the “Productive Use of Energy (PUE)”, which is a means to add value to solar energy mini- and micro-grids to ensure investment worthiness and add more value to the communities being served. In this context, it posits an opportunity to leverage Bitcoin mining as a common PUE strategy applicable to new solar installations. Several actual pilot cases are described to demonstrate this potential throughout the world and at multiple scales. These include: (i) existing micro-grids with significant stranded energy to generate income that could be used to reduce the cost per kWh for the community; (ii) new solar micro-grids optimized to meet community load and mining operations; (iii) dedicated solar-powered Bitcoin mining mini-grids developed solely to create a funding stream for self-investment by communities for their benefit; and (iv) a low-income residential solar-powered Bitcoin miner to reduce the energy cost burden for residents. Several of these scenarios show significant potential to aid investment worthiness.

Ecological value of mariculture shellfish resources in China: Assessment and management

Under the background of global climate change and carbon reduction commitment, it is of great significance to study the ecological value of mariculture shellfish resources. China is the largest country in terms of mariculture shellfish. In this study, the ecological value of mariculture shellfish in China was dynamically evaluated after determining the shellfish ecological value composition and the value calculation coefficients. On this basis, the dynamic characteristics of the mariculture shellfish ecological values during 2010–2019 were revealed, as well as the economic problems and reasons behind. The study results indicated that the average ecological value of mariculture shellfish in China showed an overall upward trend. The core values of mariculture shellfish are carbon sequestration and water purification, which displayed an increasing trend. The habitat value of mariculture shellfish showed a significant downward trend because of the reduction of aquaculture area and the increase of aquaculture density. Additionally, the increase in the heavy metal enrichment value was due to the rising production of mariculture shellfish and the rising price of processing heavy metals in China. Therefore, innovative management policies were proposed including introducing a third-party independent consultant, building a carbon-sink shellfish demonstration zone, improving a carbon-sink market transaction mechanism, establishing a nitrogen credit market, and controlling the full-cycle management of mariculture shellfish based on biotechnology and blockchain technology. It was hoped to promote the healthy development of the mariculture shellfish industry and make China's contribution to the world's carbon emission reduction.

The impacts of carbon tariffs on international trade flows and carbon emissions: An analysis integrating trade elasticities with an application to US-China trade

Carbon tariffs have been widely studied as a prominent climate policy in terms of their influences on the economy and the environment. However, previous studies of their effectiveness did not incorporate into the analysis of some key factors, including, notably, trade elasticities. This paper aims at reducing the gap between trade economics and environment studies by integrating trade elasticities into the analysis of carbon tariffs' impacts on trade flows and carbon emissions embodied in exports. We start by adopting the gravity trade model and constructing a panel data set of 63 countries from 2005 to 2015 to calculate the trade elasticities across 13 industries. With a simple model that translates carbon tariffs into tariffs, we evaluate the cross-country and cross-industry impacts of carbon tariffs. A model to forecast the effect of carbon tariffs on China-US trade under different scenarios is also provided. We discover that industries' trade elasticities and carbon intensities play an essential role in determining carbon tariffs' impacts. Furthermore, our estimations show the threshold carbon tariffs for the 13 industries with an average of $42/tCO2. We found out that if the U.S. stopped importing from China by replacing all Chinese exports with its domestic productions, it would emit 88.8% fewer carbon emissions than China does, which would contribute to a 0.65% decrease in world carbon emissions. Other scenarios of replacing all Chinese exports with Canadian, Japanese, or Mexican exports show similar results. This paper illuminates the critical importance of incorporating trade elasticities when designing carbon tariffs.

Dynamic and heterogeneity assessment of carbon efficiency in the manufacturing industry in China: Implications for formulating carbon policies

In 2019, the Chinese manufacturing industry (CMI) accounted for 13.46% of the world's energy consumption and 12.24% of carbon dioxide emissions. Such high emissions and pollution pose a challenge for China towards becoming carbon neutral. Through the panel data of 30 provinces, 283 key cities, and 30 sub-sectors from 2006 to 2019, combined with econometrics and machine learning, the dynamic evolution trend and spatial heterogeneity of CMI were comprehensively analyzed. The notable results are fourfold. (1) Carbon efficiency of CMI in most provinces is between 0.4881 and 0.846, which can be divided into three clusters (high, medium, and low); the difference between clusters is the primary source of the overall difference in carbon efficiency, and carbon efficiency distribution converges tend to a higher level; (2) The promotion of TC is generally greater than that of EC; both TC and EC have certain spatial agglomeration characteristics among three city clubs; (3) High energy consumption sectors shows low carbon efficiency, high technology, and emerging sectors demonstrate high carbon efficiency; TC has a greater enhancement effect on medium and high energy consumption sub-sectors, while EC demonstrates a greater promotion on low energy consumption sub-sectors. This study has implications for policy development regarding promoting carbon efficiency, carbon neutralization, and the world's carbon emission reduction.

Towards more sustainable tourism under a carbon footprint approach: The Camino Lebaniego case study

From an economic point of view, the tourism sector is one of the most important in the world with religious tourism, such as pilgrimages, being a growth area. Tourism activities also make a significant contribution to CO2 emissions (roughly 8% of the world's carbon emissions). In this framework, the main objective of this research is to develop an integrated sustainable model by assessing the impact of pilgrimages to the Camino Lebaniego (Lebaniego Way) in the Cantabrian region, which is one of the most popular routes in northern Spain. To do this, it is necessary to quantify the environmental impacts of this activity since this is a key element in establishing appropriate and effective environmental management programmes. This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, focused on the Carbon Footprint (CF) impact category, to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of this activity considering ‘a pilgrim who completes the route in three days’ as the selected functional unit (FU). In addition, the sub-sectors of accommodation, food and beverages, and waste management are taken into account. Following this route generated a total of 13.69 kg CO2 eq./FU, of which accommodation and the services offered there contributed almost 71.47%, food was 17.08%, and waste management 11.45%. The evening meal and propane consumption were the hotspots in the hostel, accounting for almost 74% of the total impact, so alternatives were proposed to reduce the impacts associated with these. In terms of transport, it was found that for the same destination, it was better to use a car rather than a plane, because the associated CO2 emissions were lower. Finally, these aspects are discussed and improvement measures for reducing GHG emissions are proposed, involving the introduction of good practices and environmental commitments from the pilgrims themselves, as well as enterprises and local communities. Ecolabels and environmental certifications should become a key tool for sending this signal to the market as should the use of public transport to the destination, among other actions. Ultimately, religious and nature tourism seems to be on the upturn, and it is likely that pilgrimage routes could be the next post-COVID travel trend.

Peramalan Emisi Karbon Menggunakan Metode SARIMA dan LSTM

The majority of greenhouse gas (GHG) effects are caused by very high levels of carbon emissions in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to take action to control the levels of carbon emissions in the world. In this study, the world's carbon emission levels were forecasted based on time series data on carbon emissions from 1949 to 2018 in North America. This study uses 2 forecasting methods, namely SARIMA and LSTM, with the consideration that both methods are considered capable of providing good results. Forecasting results show that the best parameter for SARIMA is [(0,1,0) (1,1,0)12] with a MAPE of 1.995%. Meanwhile, if you use the LSTM method with parameters 1 input, 4 hidden layers, and output 1, it produces a MAPE of 0.540%. This condition makes the LSTM method more optimal for predicting carbon emission levels in the world.

PV industry in China and three Southeast Asia countries: A systematic literature review using PRISMA

One form of renewable energy utilization that has been recognized as environmentally friendly and helps maintain world carbon emissions is Photovoltaic (PV), where global energy companies are starting to move towards PV investment. This study highlights the PV industry condition in China as a giant country in producing PV and three South-East Asia states. Systematic literature review with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) is used as the methodology for collecting data. PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator Group, Outcome or Endpoint, Study Design) is used as an approach method for forming questions in searching for data sources. PRISMA diagrams are formulated in a hierarchical form to select potential sources of literature. Finally, this study uses 71 literatures from China, 5 literatures from Indonesia, 9 literatures from Malaysia, and 4 literatures from Vietnam. This finding indicates that with abundant literature discusses China’s PV industry, their PV industry is more advanced compared to three South-East Asia countries, which they are still lack understanding and knowledge of PV especially its industry and their aim for PV industry is still unclear.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Machining Parameters for Multi-Pass CNC Turning to Minimize Carbon Emissions, Energy, Noise and Cost

Global warming is a huge environmental issue today. This is due to the high level of world carbon emissions. The manufacturing process accounts for 30% of the world's carbon emissions production. Sustainable manufacturing is necessary to implement to reduce carbon emission levels caused by the manufacturing process. There are three aspects of sustainable manufacturing, namely environmental aspects, economic aspects, and social aspects. These three aspects can be implemented in the machining process by optimizing machining parameters in multi-pass CNC turning. This research aims to optimize CNC turning machining parameters by considering energy consumption, carbon emissions, noise, and production cost. The model is solved using a Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm in Matlab 2016b then the transformation and weighting functions are carried out from the feasible value. Based on the optimization results, the total energy consumption value obtained is 2.50 MJ; total production cost is $ 2.19; total carbon emissions are 5.97 kgCO2, and noise is 236, 19 dB. The sensitivity analysis exhibits the machining parameters that affect the objective function: The cutting speed parameter and the feed rate parameter. This model can be used to improve the manufacturing process and support sustainable manufacturing.