World Ideologies Research Articles

Pancasila Sebagai Pondasi Awal Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia

Pancasila is a noble legacy that was born from the reflections of its founding fathers in the basic formulation of an independent Indonesian State. Pancasila is lifted from the original values ​​of the Indonesian people in which there are customs, culture and religion embodied in the nation's outlook on life. Pancasila is often classified as a middle ideology between the two major world ideologies that are very influential on the state. Pancasila is not communist/marxist and also not liberal/capitalist. The agreement of the Indonesian nation to make Pancasila the nation's way of life today is increasingly apprehensive due to the era of globalization. Pancasila as a weltanschaung (view of life) means that the values ​​of Pancasila are the ethics of the common life of the Indonesian people which have been rooted since ancient times. The actualization of Pancasila is the elaboration of Pancasila values ​​in the form of norms and their realization in the life of the nation and state.

Faifai mālie – Balancing ourselves in our journey with Pasifika communities in person-centered and experiential psychotherapy and counselling

ABSTRACT Pasifika communities in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) are a vibrant, diverse and heterogenous population. Following their migration to Aotearoa NZ they experienced the challenges of western world concepts, ideologies and frameworks being imposed on their worldview(s), a process that has led to social and economic disparities alongside health inequities which include mental distress and ill-health. This article explores whether there is a place for person-centered experiential psychotherapy and counseling within a worldview of Pasifika people in Aotearoa NZ. This will also have relevance to Polynesian, indigenous and ethnic minority communities at a global level. Drawing on Pasifika methodologies, and specifically a Tongan one, this article explores a Pasifika person-centered approach that is informed by Pasifika values and practice. It concludes with recommendations for the field of person-centered experiential psychotherapy and counseling when working with Pasifika communities.

Deradikalisasi Pluralisme Pemahaman terhadap Ideologi Pancasila Melalui Media Sosial

This study aimed to analyze the challenges and threats to the Pancasila ideology and analyze deradicalization efforts to eliminate pluralism in understanding the Pancasila ideology through social media. This study used a qualitative method with a philosophical, historical, and conceptual approach. The study results showed that the Pancasila ideology faced several challenges and threats, including the influence of significant world ideologies, including socialism, liberalism, and communism, and the existence of radicalism, which was growing now. Educators could help deradicalization through social media by aligning students' understanding that Pancasila was extracted from existing, materialized, and inherent culture or habits in the Indonesian nation. In addition, exceptional training and guidance for a citizen journalist need to be carried out to deradicalize.

CRITIQUE OF IDEOLOGY BIN GEORGE ORWELL’S NOVEL 1984: A HANS-GEORG GADAMER’S HERMENEUTICS READING

This study is to analyze George Orwell’s novel 1984 that published in 1949. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. The analysis of this undergraduate thesis focuses on hermeneutical reading of the text. This study aims to find out critique of ideology concept by reading both the text and the researcher (as interpreter) horizons to get a current meaning of the text. This study applies philosophical hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jurgen Habermas’s critical theory to analyze the novel. After interprets the horizon of the text with three stages of analysis (understanding, historical consciousness, and history of effect), then the prejudice/presupposition (Habermas’ critique of ideology) appear dialectically as interpreter horizon to read the 1984 in its current context. The result proves that, although the work of structure of power in Orwell's life and interpreter are different - Orwell who live in the tension of world ideologies (with fascism, soviet communism, and other totalitarian power) and interpreter in the late-capitalism era (with liberal consensus domination), but analysis of critique of ideology in the 1984 novel in the current context relates to several things. Among other things are, total domination of the system like distorting symbolic interactions and how power works supported - manifested in high-level technology with its propaganda and supervision of civil society. At this point, to resist against totalitarian system, both Orwell and Habermas are similar as well - a process of rationalization with a communication paradigm with emancipatory mission to give a progressive free individual formation in the society.

Ideologie po ideologiach. O cynicznej naiwności

The main idea of the article is that in our „postmodern” world ideologies are not at all dead but adopt new forms which I call both cynical (in Slotedijk’s sense of the term) and naïve. I start with reflecting on the very meaning of the term “ideology” and propose to adopt its broad and “dialectical” sense, embracing ideology as false knowledge and as false consciousness, but emphasizing its connection with power. After recalling some theories of the “end of ideology”, from Aron to Lyotard, through Polish thinkers such as Leszek Kołakowski, all based on a rather narrow sense of ideology. I argue that ideologies understood as a complex interconnection of desire and power have regained a crucial role, after the fall of the communist utopia, in the context of consumerist and technological capitalism and its conservative opponents.

A Long History of Faith-Based Welfare in Australia: Origins and Impact

In a nation where governments and churches have collaborated in the delivery of welfare services since 1788, such faith-based welfare was seen as normative rather than problematic. Indeed most Australians would struggle to imagine a welfare system that was not built on such an arrangement. However, by the late twentieth century, the world views and ideologies of church leaders and politicians were no longer in alignment, creating tensions in the relationship. This article explores the origins and development of church–state collaboration in the delivery of welfare, and examines the impact this has had on both the shape of charity and the mission of the churches as faith-based agencies are increasingly challenged in an environment in which government funding is tied to policies that potentially transgress the principles of the gospels, and victims of past welfare practices demand reparation.

Historical Periods as Problematics: Socio-linguistic Situations, Sociolects and Discourses

The author attempts a redefinition of literary epochs or periods as problematics, i.e. as constellations of problems to which individuals and groups react in many different ways. In this respect he differs from those who construct literary periods as world visions, ideologies, aesthetics or stylistics. He defines problematics from a sociosemiotic point of view: as socio-linguistic situations in which competing collective languages (sociolects) and discourses react critically and polemically to one another.

Pemikiran Fiqh dan Spirit Transformasi Sosial

In the context of social dynamics and world ideologies contestation that bring social implications, efforts to reconstruct and to revitalize the sharia’s concepts are always be needed. The efforts are aimed at making the sharia remain to be relevant to the needs of. modern societies and to take significant roles in transformation of both individual life and social order. Generally, such a ‘project’ consist of very efforts of reorientation of fiqh visions, reactualizing its methodology, focusing its substance, strengthening the existing social institutions, and developing various new social institutions that are needed as field of small experimentation that will be improved and applied in wider scales in the future. Through the ‘project’ it is hoped that the Islamic law should be simpler but more comprehensive and argumentative. The sharia “face” that up till now seems to be static, conservative, and pro status quo will change to be more alive, innovative, and future-vissioned.

Contradictions of Neoliberal Globalisation: The Importance of Ideologies and Values in Political Economy

This paper has a simple theme: namely, that many of the major interpreters of neoliberal globalisation are more influenced by their own – mostly deterministic – world views and ideologies than they are of the need for a holistic, critical scrutiny of the dominant tendencies of modern capitalism. The first section analyses some of the major works in favour of neoliberal globalisation, paying special attention to their emphasis on the positive tendencies of the system, and the perspectives that colour the story. The second section examines some of the major works against neoliberal globalisation, where they centre on the negative aspects of global capitalism and the Washington consensus, under serious influence of a one-sided ideology. The next section illustrates that these respective positions are merely different sides of the same coin. A truly endogenous view of neoliberal globalisation recognises that the positives are inextricably linked with the negatives; they are holistically generated together in the fusion of systemic reproduction. Using the values and perspectives associated with an interdisciplinary, critical view of the system is a better method of comprehending neoliberal globalisation than a deterministic, one-sided evaluation of the facts as is more commonly utilised. The governance implications are then analysed, paying particular attention to the conflicts and instabilities that require resolution.

Feminism, Politics, Theories and Science

Are women's movement and feminist theories still connected to radical politics and the interest in changing social inequalities, when feminism has been `institutionalized', for instance in the academia, and has become a mainstreaming issue in social policies? This main question was put to eminent feminist scholars, with the aim of investigating the renewed critical role of international feminism and women's/gender studies in society, science, information, education and research. A reconstruction of the main changes which have occurred to women's movements and feminist theories in the last decades were the core of the interview, stressing differences and disagreement, also in relation to the new sociopolitical claims, supported by younger generations. The conclusion was that feminism has not lost its historical political mission, even though the world scenario and ideologies have dramatically changed. Indeed, feminism has become transcultural and `glocal', facing new socioeconomic inequities induced by globalization both in western societies and countries in development, confronting with the transformation of collective/gender identities and questioning the increasing importance of (bio)technologies.

Voices of Nativisation: Savouring Literatures of New Englishes

This article focuses on how the English language has taken on nativised identities, reflected in the many voices and literatures of the “new world” (Tiffin 1986), and how these express new world realities. In particular, two examples from Southeast Asian literatures in English are highlighted to illustrate how the language is effectively used to represent Southeast Asian experiences and specificities. As a consequence, “old world” canon epitomising English's “old world” Anglos-Saxon identity -the works of Spenser, Milton, Shakespeare and Donne -becomes relegated to being just one facet of an overall and balanced understanding of literatures in English. It is even possible that given time, “old world” canon will witness marginalisation in “new world” settings, given that there are already moves to “demystify” and resist old world ideologies.

Managerialism: the emergence of a new ideology

This writer explores the fundamental principles of the three dominant world ideologies - capitalism, socialism and democracy - and proposes that a new ideology, which he calls managerialism, more accurately describes the current world situation.

Neutralism in Germany

IN 1986, THE FRENCH PRESIDENT FRANÇOIS MITTERRAND reminded us that neutralism in Germany was not just a simple reaction to political facts but a very complex constant in recent German history. Is the idea of a neutral Germany or of two neutral German states of any political importance today? Are there still supporters for neutrality in Central Europe? Would it not be normal for some people to think in those terms?In today's relatively tension-free period of East-West relations, the fact may be overlooked that the German situation remains exceptional and that the Germans have a burden to carry which other nations do not have. The Federal Republic of Germany does not have full freedom of choice like for instance, Norway, which is a member of NATO without being a member of the EC, or Ireland which is an EC-member without belonging to NATO. What is considered as a normal option for any other nation might not be permitted for the Germans. Thus the frontline state at the frontier of the two world ideologies cannot claim normal freedom of action.

Self-Assertion in the Third World

Ideologies constitute the most relevant political form through which the upheavals of ideas related to political emancipation have been expressed in the third world. These ideologies vary widely in character and have, historically, served very different purposes. Despite this variety, third world ideologies all perform the basic function of third world self-assertion. Usually this goal is stated in universalist terms; however, the real unit of self- assertion is almost invariably the state. Externally, the self-assertive nature of these ideologies may support a rigidly independent stand in international affairs, political and economic independence, equality, and respect among nations. Internally, they contribute to unity and the modernization of social norms. They will grow more complex, mature, and domestic in the coming decades and a greater role will be played by ideologies with strong worker affiliations. The fact that third world countries have begun to export ideologies foreshadows an age of true world integration, interpenetration, and inter dependence in the realm of social and political ideas.

NEW YOUTH RELIGIONS, PSYCHOMUTATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION

International Review of MissionVolume 67, Issue 268 p. 436-447 NEW YOUTH RELIGIONS, PSYCHOMUTATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL CIVILIZATION Friedrich W. Haack, Friedrich W. Haack Pastor Friedrich Haack is Secretary of the Office of Information on Sects and World Ideologies of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria. The term “new youth religions” is widely used in Germany to refer to the phenomena we have called “new religious movements” in this issue. Translation from German by the Language Service of the World Council of Churches.Search for more papers by this author Friedrich W. Haack, Friedrich W. Haack Pastor Friedrich Haack is Secretary of the Office of Information on Sects and World Ideologies of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria. The term “new youth religions” is widely used in Germany to refer to the phenomena we have called “new religious movements” in this issue. Translation from German by the Language Service of the World Council of Churches.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1978 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-6631.1978.tb01276.x Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume67, Issue268October 1978Pages 436-447 RelatedInformation