World Health Organization Data Research Articles

Exposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) impairs mitochondrial dynamics in BV2 cells, triggering a mitochondrial biogenesis response.

World Health Organisation data suggest that up to 99% of the global population are exposed to air pollutants above recommended levels. Impacts to health range from increased risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease to chronic respiratory conditions, and air pollution may contribute to over 7 million premature deaths a year. Additionally, mounting evidence suggests that in utero or early life exposure to particulate matter (PM) in ambient air pollution increases the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment with obvious lifelong consequences. Identifying brain-specific cellular targets of PM is vital for determining its long-term consequences. We previously established that microglial-like BV2 cells were particularly sensitive to urban (U)PM-induced damage including reactive oxygen species production, which was abrogated by a mitochondrially targeted antioxidant. Here we extend those studies to find that UPM treatment causes a rapid impairment of mitochondrial function and increased mitochondrial fragmentation. However, there is a subsequent restoration of mitochondrial and therefore cell health occurring concomitantly with upregulated measures of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial load. Our data highlight that protecting mitochondrial function may represent a valuable mechanism to offset the effects of UPM exposure in the neonatal brain. KEY POINTS: Air pollution represents a growing risk to long-term health especially in early life, and the CNS is emerging a target for airborne particulate matter (PM). We previously showed that microglial-like BV2 cells were vulnerable to urban (U)PM exposure, which impaired cell survival and promoted reactive oxygen species production. Here we find that, following UPM exposure, BV2 mitochondrial membrane potential is rapidly reduced, concomitant with decreased cellular bioenergetics and increased mitochondrial fission. However, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial mass are subsequently induced, which may represent a cellular mitigation strategy. As mitochondria are more vulnerable in the developing brain, exposure to air pollution may represent a greater risk to lifelong health in this cohort; conversely, promoting mitochondrial integrity may offset these risks.

Cardiac and Renal Comorbidities in Aging People Living With HIV.

Contemporary World Health Organization data indicates that ≈39 million people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Of these, 24 million have been reported to have successfully accessed combination antiretroviral therapy. In 1996, the World Health Organization endorsed the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy, transforming human immunodeficiency virus infection from being a life-threatening disease to a chronic illness characterized by multiple comorbidities. The increased access to combination antiretroviral therapy has translated to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) no longer having a reduced life expectancy. Although aging as a biological process increases exposure to oxidative stress and subsequent systemic inflammation, this effect is likely enhanced in PLWH as they age. This narrative review engages the intricate interplay between human immunodeficiency virus associated chronic inflammation, combination antiretroviral therapy, and cardiac and renal comorbidities development in aging PLWH. We examine the evolving demographic profile of PLWH, emphasizing the increasing prevalence of aging individuals within this population. A central focus of the review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin the heightened susceptibility of PLWH to renal and cardiac diseases as they age.

Features of cellular immunity in newborns with cytomegalovirus infection

Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) is gaining increasing significance in modern clinical medicine [1‐8]. As a cause of mortality in cases of monospecific disease origin or as a competing condition, CMVI ranks fourth after influenza, herpes, and adenovirusinfections. According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, in developing countries, 90‐100% of the population becomes infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) during childhood [9]. The European regional bureau of WHO categorizes CMVI as a group of diseases that determine the future of infectious pathology. The relevance of CMVI is attributed to its widespread prevalence among pregnant women, high morbidity, and mortality among children, as well as a wide spectrum of clinical and pathological variants. The frequency of generalized forms of this disease, according to autopsy data, varies from 2.2% among children who died between 7 and 30 days of age to 63.4% among children who died in the first year of life.

Integrated Approach in the Treatment of a Patient with Tuberculosis of the Lungs and Tracheobronchial Tree

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization data for 2021, there is an increase in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. There is also an unfavorable growth trend in drug-resistant TB. One of the complications of the tuberculosis process is tuberculosis of the tracheobronchial tree, which has tended to grow in recent years. Many studiesindicate the incidence of bronchial tuberculosis from 10 to 40 %, taking into account the level of endoscopic service.The purpose of the study to demonstrate the high effectiveness of an integrated approach in the treatment of a patient with tuberculosis of the lungs and tracheobronchial tree.Methods. The materials of the study were: the outpatient card of the advisory department of the Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, the medical history of the inpatient patient and the results of a comprehensive examination.Results. The presented clinical example demonstrates the high effectiveness of an integrated approach in the treatment of a patient with a widespread tuberculosis process using anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, inhalation and pathogenetic therapy. By 4 months of treatment, pronounced positive clinical and laboratory dynamics was observed, significant resorption of focal infiltrative changes in the leſt lung was achieved radiologically, and endoscopically, infiltrative tuberculosis of the trachea, leſt main bronchus and leſt upper lobe bronchus was cured.Conclusion. This clinical observation demonstrates the need for an integrated approach in the management of this category of patients and shows the high effectiveness of the treatment.

Zinc and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a major global public health challenge. The World Health Organization's data shows that CKD affects about 10% of the world's population, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Due to limited access to diagnosis and treatment, CKD has become the 12th leading cause of death worldwide. The advanced stage of CKD can lead to kidney failure, which is clinically referred to as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In such cases, patients can only sustain life through dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, the long-term affordability of these treatments remains low. Moreover, the effectiveness of kidney transplantation is modest, posing a significant treatment barrier in resource-limited settings, and significantly impacting patient survival. To address this issue, we suggest using dietary supplementation of the trace element zinc to impede CKD development and prolong patient survival.

The Prevalence of Violence Against Healthcare Workers in Trinidad and Tobago.

Abuse of healthcare workers (HCWs) and lack of public trust threaten the foundation of the physician-patient relationship. This growing global problem creates an even more difficult professional environment and hinders the delivery of high-quality clinical care. The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of violence against Trinbagonian HCWs in the public sector. Secondary objectives included determining risk factors for violence and mistrust between the public and providers. A cross-sectional analysis of 434 HCWs in the public sector of Trinidad and Tobago was conducted using a modified World Health Organization (WHO) data collection tool, distributed via social media and administrative emails, and snowballed for two months. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding trust in the healthcare system with patients selected from communities. Of the 434 respondents, 45.2% experienced violence and 75.8% witnessed violence against HCWs in the past two years. Verbal abuse (41.5%) was most common. Perpetrators were patients (42.2%) and patients' relatives (35.5%). Chi-square analysis highlighted that HCWs with the highest probability of being abused were aged 25-39 (63.8%), had two to five years of work experience (24.9%), specialized in emergency and internal medicine (48.6%), and cared for psychiatric and physically disabled patients (p-value < 0.001). HCWs believed the threat of violence negatively impacted performance (64.5%), and further action was necessary for mitigation (86.4%). Patients interviewed doubted physicians' altruism and competence (80%) and honesty (53.3%), expressed mistrust in their physician (46.7%), and cited poor infrastructure/management (66.7%) and dissatisfaction with care (60.0%) as factors that contributed to violence. Analysis revealed that violence against Trinbagonian HCWs in the public sector deteriorated patient experience and adversely affected psychological well-being, efficiency, and job satisfaction. Results suggested mistrust of HCWs by the population. Interventions should be instituted to support at-risk HCWs and educate the public to avoid recurrence.

MedEase+ - A Healthcare System

Abstract: India is a very populous nation, recently surpassing China and Russia. According to the World Health Organization data from 2019, India had approximately 1.45 doctors per 1,000 people. Due to this difference in ratio, the issues related to soft flow of hospital management are on inclining graph. Therefore, the introduction of project MedEase+ comes into light. The purpose of this project is to implement a proper healthcare management system integrating all the basic functionalities powered by an Artificial Intelligent chat bot that is capable of having a very organic conversation with the user and solving their queries using knowledge base. The knowledge base is a collection of real-time data that is pre-processed using bag of words to prepare it for additional processing. The data is collected in a JSON format where Natural Language Understanding (NLU) comes into picture. The chat bot has the ability to offer navigation links based on the user's requests. Moreover, it has the ability to suggest seeking medical advice or taking any necessary instant action. And it also offers diagnostics information in advance. Furthermore, this project provides a robust web application using Django framework to carry out the functionalities and services of both hospital administration and user engagement.

A drug prescription recommendation system based on novel DIAKID ontology and extensive semantic rules

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data from 2000 to 2019, the number of people living with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly. It is observed that Diabetes Mellitus increased by 70% and ranked in the top 10 among all causes of death, while the rate of those who died from CKD increased by 63% and rose from the 13th place to the 10th place. In this work, we combined the drug dose prediction model, drug-drug interaction warnings and drugs that potassium raising (K-raising) warnings to create a novel and effective ontology-based assistive prescription recommendation system for patients having both Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and CKD. Although there are several computational solutions that use ontology-based systems for treatment plans for these type of diseases, none of them combine information analysis and treatment plans prediction for T2DM and CKD. The proposed method is novel: (1) We develop a new drug-drug interaction model and drug dose ontology called DIAKID (for drugs of T2DM and CKD). (2) Using comprehensive Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules, we automatically extract the correct drug dose, K-raising drugs, and drug-drug interaction warnings based on the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) value of T2DM and CKD patients. The proposed work achieves very competitive results, and this is the first time such a study conducted on both diseases. The proposed system will guide clinicians in preparing prescriptions by giving necessary warnings about drug-drug interactions and doses.

Green Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanoparticles From Solanum xanthocarpum and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Wound Isolates.

In recent years, antimicrobial drug resistance has emerged as a serious global public health concern, according to the World Health Organization data. The emergence of pathogens resistant to multiple drugs has been linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality from microbial infections. The study's main goal is to explore the efficacy of using Solanum xanthocarpum in the green synthesisof molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo NPs) for antibacterial and antioxidant properties. An eco-friendly method of synthesizing Mo NPswas accomplished using an aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was done by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). After that,antibacterial and antioxidant activity was further evaluated. The UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis confirmed the presence of synthesized Mo NPs showing a peak around 320 nm. The presence of functional compounds like C-CI, C-H, C=C, and O=C=O was confirmed by FT-IR spectrum analysis. The positions of diffraction peaks in Mo NPpatterns were identified using XRD analysis; they were more crystalline (82.7%) and less amorphous (17.3%). The presence of the elements molybdenum (Mo), carbon (C), and oxygen (O) was confirmed by the EDX spectrum and irregular shapesshown in the SEM images. Further, the antimicrobial study results showed the formation of an inhibition zone against 27 mm for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 24 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 22 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, and 24 mm for Enterococcus faecalis,respectively, at a high concentration 80 μg/ml of Mo NPs. The maximum antioxidant activity at 100 μg/ml was 73.49%, compared to the standard ascorbic acid (74.25%). Additionally, the moderate activity at 60 μg/ml was 53.21%, compared to the standard (56.5%), and the minimal activity at 20 μg/ml was 30.21%, compared to the standard (36.89%). The environmentally friendly synthesizedMo NPsfrom Solanum xanthocarpum exhibited antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the findings showthat Mo NPs mediated by Solanum xanthocarpum can inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andEnterococcus faecalis. In order to understand furtherhow nanoparticles work against bacteria that are resistant to many drugs,additional research and clinical studies would be needed.

Promoting adolescent wellness through health education

Abstract Regarding the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not only as the absence of disease and infirmity. Healthy and safe food is a basic human need and at the same time a condition for good health. To survive and to carry out its normal activity, the organism needs energy, which it receives through safe food products obtained through a balanced quantitative and qualitative diet, and this ensures the well-being of the organism and its preservation from malnutrition and life sedentary, the latter causing most diseases in the world today. WHO data show an increase in obesity among adults in Albania, compared to 10 years ago. Mineral salts and vitamins are food ingredients that play an important role in the vital activity of the organism, in normalizing the functioning of its main systems, and in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism. This paper aims to draw the attention of young people regarding the care they should show for the inclusion of the right quantity and quality, along with other elements of mineral salts and vitamins in their food for a healthy diet. This paper analyzes the results of the questionnaire carried out with the help from the school teachers at a high school in the city of Shkoder, regarding the care they show for a healthy diet. Part of the survey was a group of 340 students in the secondary education in the city of Shkodra, Albania, specifically in the gymnasiums: “Jordan Misja” and “28 Nentori”. Special attention has been paid to the privacy and confidentiality of the data received. A printed questionnaire was used. The questions asked were of a static form (closed-ended), including multiple choice (single and multiple responses) as well as rating scales. After receiving the data, a quantitative analysis of the data was made. At the end of the scientific work, some important conclusions were reached. Young people’s care for their health is not at the right level. There is a complete lack of attention to the description of the product they consume. We think that the results of the questionnaire affect the awareness of young people and their parents, regarding the care they should show in the selection of food products in their diet, for their well-being. The results of the questionnaire show that the awareness of young people and their parents, regarding the care they should show in the selection of food products in their diet is very low.

Efektivitas Mobile Health “Nifas Sehat” terhadap Selfcare Agency pada Ibu Nifas Primigravida

The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2019, there were 303,000 maternal deaths worldwide, with 99% of them occurring in developing countries. According to the Ministry of Health, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia was 305 per 100,000 live births in 2012-2015, dropping to 240 per 100,000 live births in 2019. However, this figure is still high compared to developed countries which have a maternal mortality rate of 14 per 100,000 live births.The postpartum period is a critical period for mothers, where 60% of maternal deaths occur after delivery and 50% of these deaths occur in the first 24 hours of the postpartum period. Complications during the postpartum period occur in 73% of cases, but not all of them result in maternal death. Primigravida is a term used to describe a woman who is pregnant for the first time. According to WHO data, the maternal mortality rate for primigravida women is higher than for multigravida women. The most common causes of maternal death in Indonesia are bleeding, hypertension during pregnancy, and infection. The Ministry of Health is working to improve the health service system to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates, including during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to measure the level of self-care agency in primigravida postpartum mothers before and after using mobile health "Sehat Postpartum".

Edukasi Pola Makan Ibu Hamil Untuk Mencegah Hipertensi Dalam Kehamilan Di Rw 06 Desa Sirnagalih

WHO (World Health Organization) data show that AKI in developing countries is about 20 percent related to gestational hypertension due to lack of rest patterns and a good diet. Hypertension in pregnancy becomes the second category of causes of maternal death. The purpose of the devotion is to increase the knowledge of pregnant women about a healthy diet to prevent hypertension in pregnancy. The lecture method was used in this service by means of delivering material directly to pregnant women in RW 06 Sirnagalih Village, sampling with saturated sampling of 25 respondents. The results obtained a T value of -9,798.and p value = 0.000 (α &lt; 0.05), which means that there is an educational influence of the pregnant woman's diet to prevent hypertension. Results obtained from the pretest and post test that there was an increase in participants' understanding of the pre test score of 1.08 and the post test score of 1.88. The conclusion is that it can improve the knowledge of pregnant women about diet to prevent hypetence in pregnancy in RW 06 Sirnagalih Village.

Public health expenditure and household poverty: case study of Egypt

The insufficient and inefficient public expenditure on health services by any health system creates physical and financial barriers to using health care services, especially for poor people and uncovered informal sector workers. This leads to the appearance of household direct out-of-pocket (OOP) payments on health services. OOP will push households into poverty if it exceeds their monetary income, as they cut their spending on other essential needs such as food, clothing, or education fees. The main objective of studying public health expenditure is to provide essential health services to all citizens equally without pushing them into poverty due to health payments OOP. This paper examines the average coverage of Reproductive, Maternal, and Child Health (RMNCH) services according to place of residence and wealth quintile from 2005 to 2015. The rationale for choosing RMNCH only as an indication of health coverage is due to data limitations. This paper depends on World Health Organization (WHO) data. The paper evaluates poverty impact by using poverty head counts and poverty gaps before and after OOP through using nationally representative surveys of Egypt for the years 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015. Results show a gap in covering RMNCH services among different groups, but the gap is decreasing over time. Results also show that OOP payments pushed on average 30% of Egyptian households into poverty during the period of the study.

The Relationship Between Knowledge Of Women Childbearing Age And Early Detection Of Breast Cancer

According to 2018 World Health Organization data, the most common cancer incident in Indonesia is breast cancer, namely 58,256 cases or 16.7% of the total 348,809 cancer cases. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world at 13% after cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that by 2030 the incidence of cancer could reach 26 million people and 17 million of them will die from cancer, especially in poor and developing countries, the incidence will be faster. (Sari et al., 2020) The method used in this research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach where data relating to independent variables or risks and dependent variables or impact variables, will be collected at the same time (Notoatmodjo, 2012). The data collection method in research uses primary data, where data is taken directly from the source, observed and recorded for the first time. Data testing was carried out using the chi-square statistical test with a confidence level of 95% and a significance level of 5%, meaning that the risk of making a wrong decision to reject the correct hypothesis is as much as 5%. knowledge of women of childbearing age regarding early detection of breast cancer (Awareness) in the UPTD Working Area of ​​the Semulajadi Health Center in 2023. The results of the research showed that from 82 respondents, it was found that 38 people (46.3%) had poor knowledge and were not aware. Those who did so were 44 people (53.7%). KEYWORDS: breast cancer, awareness, knowledge, childbearing age

Use of modern classification systems for complex diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease

To compare the content of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides Aβ40, Aβ42, total and threonine phosphorylated 181 tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study was performed on 64 patients with a diagnosis of dementia and MMSE scores of 24 or lower. All patients underwent lumbar puncture. Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40 ratio, total tau, phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 were determined in the CSF using a multiplex assay according to the manufacturer's protocol, the concentration was determined in pkg/ml. The preliminary diagnosis of AD was made in 3 patients (5%). As a result of the study of protein content in the CSF, signs of AD were detected in 48 (75%) people. The findings suggest that the diagnosis of AD is made 10-14 times less frequently than it should be according to the World Health Organization data. The discrepancy between clinical diagnosis and laboratory findings is confirmed by our study. Differences in the therapy of dementias and the development of new drugs targeting specific links in the pathogenesis of different types of dementias require accurate and complete diagnosis of dementias, especially AD, as the most common type of dementia.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Head Circumference in children under 5 years of age attending a public clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

Abstract Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is increasing in prevalence globally. There is an emerging field of research investigating the association between head circumference and ASD but there is a marked paucity of such data from Southern Africa. Aim: To describe the head circumference (HC) measurement of children diagnosed with ASD and to investigate associations between HC, ASD severity levels and associated comorbidities. Methods: A retrospective record review of children diagnosed with ASD attending a neurodevelopmental clinic at a large public hospital in South Africa was conducted. Demographic data and HC measurements from the first clinic visit were collected. The World Health Organization data set of head circumference norms were used as the comparator reference population. Statistical analysis was conducted using parametric, descriptive and inferential methods. Results: Data from 135 children diagnosed with ASD were included. The sample population had a mean age of 43 months (range 13-61 months) and 107 (79%) were males. Thirty (22.2%) patients in the cohort had a HC which was classified as macrocephalic. Almost half (46.7%) had an ASD severity level of three and 94 (69.6%), had been diagnosed with a comorbidity. In this study no significant association was found between macrocephaly and ASD severity. Conclusions: Measuring the HC during childhood is a cost-effective, simple and non-invasive procedure that may well assist professionals in raising suspicion of ASD at an early age. Early detection and intervention could optimise participation and integration for the individual living with this life-long neurodevelopmental disability.

Obesity from Clinical Evaluation to Management Local Perspective

For over two millennia, physicians have been aware of the morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity. Various definitions of obesity, as outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention (CDC), utilize the Body Mass Index (BMI) to characterize these conditions. Screening for high-risk patients is crucial for guiding lifestyle changes, treatment decisions, and risk reduction strategies.1,2 The assessment involves clinical and laboratory studies to categorize the type and severity of obesity, forming the foundation for effective management. Globally, the prevalence of obesity in 2015 exhibited a rising trend in females compared to males. Between 1980 and 2015, the prevalence surged from 11.1% to 38.3% for males aged 25 to 29 in low to middle-income countries.3 Pakistan ranks tenth among 188 countries, with half of its population classified as overweight or obese. Alarming projections from the World Obese Federation estimate that 5.4 million Pakistani school-aged children will grapple with obesity by 2030, emphasizing the dual challenges of overnutrition and poor nutrition.4,5 World Health Organization data indicates that 58.1% of Pakistanis are overweight, with 43.9% classified as obese. Asian cutoffs, though not globally recognized, suggest that 72.3% of Pakistanis are overweight, with obesity affecting 58.1% of the population. Research by Danielle H. Bodicoat et al. suggests an obesity threshold of 25 kg/m2 for South Asian individuals, coupled with a very high Waist Circumference (WC).6 A WC ≥ 31 inches (80cm) in Asian females and ≥ 35 inches (90cm) in Asian males is considered abnormal. The primary rationale for managing obesity is to mitigate morbidity, including conditions like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart disease, stroke, sleep apnea, and cancer, ultimately reducing mortality. The initial step in managing obesity involves screening to determine the degree of overweight using BMI and waist circumference measurements. However, studies reveal that only 6% of individuals receive ongoing care for weight management, such as prescriptions for obesity medication or referrals to dieticians.7,8 BMI classifications, primarily based on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, may underestimate risks for conditions like diabetes in the Asian population. Beyond BMI, measuring waist circumference is essential for identifying adults at increased risk for morbidity and mortality, especially in the BMI range of 25 to 35 kg/m2.9 In addition to physical examinations, measurements of fasting glucose (or glycated hemoglobin [A1C]), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), liver enzymes, and fasting lipids should be conducted.10 Investigating the causes of obesity involves ruling out a sedentary lifestyle, increased caloric intake, and secondary factors. Medical history should include inquiries about medications that cause weight gain and smoking cessation. Weight loss interventions are recommended for those with a BMI exceeding 25 kg/m2, aiming to prevent, treat, or reverse complications associated with obesity. In conclusion, managing obesity in the Pakistani population requires a comprehensive approach involving clinical and laboratory assessments by physicians. This includes evaluating height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum triglycerides, serum HDL, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar/HbA1C, history of sleep apnea, medication history, physical activity, and etiological factors. Moreover, physicians should possess knowledge of dietary goals and medications promoting weight loss and consider bariatric surgery if non-responsive to other interventions.

Bivariate Spatial Pattern Based on The Characteristics of Women Smokers in Indonesia

The increasing prevalence of smoking among women globally has become a critical public health issue. World Health Organization (WHO) data shows 20 percent of women use tobacco. Women smokers face an increased risk of various diseases. Spatial studies need to be conducted as a basis for planning and providing targeted interventions to reduce the spread of diseases caused by smoking. The study aimed to determine the spatial description of smoking among women in Indonesia. This study analyzed the 2017 IDHS data and used an ecological study design with a descriptive approach and a spatial analysis model. The results are Papua was the province with the highest percentage of women smoking with no education and with the lowest de jure wealth quintile. Provinces using the Internet almost daily were Banten and East Java, and the province with women unemployed in the past 12 months before the survey was North Sulawesi. Based on the results, there are five provinces in Indonesia with a high percentage of smoking among women, assessed by education, internet access, wealth quintile, and non-working women. This study concludes that there is a need to implement smoke-free zones (SFZs), also conduct communication, information, and education (IEC) through mass media.

Optimising Rehabilitation Strategies for Postpartum Elderly Gravida with In Vitro Fertilisation Conception

Optimising Rehabilitation Strategies for Postpartum Elderly Gravida with In Vitro Fertilisation Conception

Automated and intelligent system for World Health Organization data forecasting

AbstractTechnological advances and social transformations have enabled the circulation of a large amount of data in the health area. Analyzing this data becomes more critical and more challenging as the volume of data increases. An alternative to performing this analysis is to use data analysis techniques to process input data sets and build consistent databases for input to machine learning algorithms. Thus, it can forecast future scenarios and collaborate with knowledge discovery. In this context, this work aims to develop a parameterizable system with automated decisions capable of collecting and analyzing many indicators provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). After these analysis steps, the system applies machine learning algorithms for predictions of different indicators to process information automatically, finding different knowledge discovery scenarios. Thus, the contribution of this article is an automated and intelligent system for WHO data forecasting. The efficiency of the system's choices and forecasts was proven with experiments in five different areas of health, obtaining assertiveness by up to 99.92%, root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) by up to 0.0286, and Kling‐Gupta Efficiency (KGE) by up to 0.9988, hitting even the most complex cases, as shown in the confusion matrices. Finally, three case studies were carried out to expand the studies and present the potential of the system in different contexts: anemia in children, age‐standardized suicide rates in men, and number of road traffic deaths.