World Economic Report Research Articles

Cascading Sustainability in Multi‐tier Supply Chains: When Do Chinese Suppliers Adopt Sustainable Procurement?

As global brands assume more accountability for their extended supply chains, some request that their first‐tier suppliers in turn adopt sustainable procurement practices, thereby “cascading” sustainability requirements to second‐tier suppliers. However, such cascading has not yet become institutionalized. We partnered with a leading sustainability electronics company—here called “Tronics”—to investigate which Chinese suppliers are more likely to adopt sustainable procurement and when Tronics' power—measured by its percentage of its Chinese suppliers' business—is more/less relevant. We gathered secondary (audit and company records) and primary (survey) data on Tronics' relationship with 134 Chinese suppliers, and complemented these sources with three archival datasets from CDP's Supply Chain Program, the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System of China, and the World Economic Reports. The results show that Chinese suppliers that either have an integrated management system composed of economic, environmental, and social pillars or engage with key stakeholder networks are more likely to adopt sustainable procurement practices, and that these effects are boosted when Tronics' power is low to moderate. Interestingly, Chinese suppliers with sustainability violations are not necessarily less likely to adopt sustainable procurement practices. When Tronics represents a large percentage of a supplier's business, it can persuade a noncompliant supplier to adopt sustainable procurement practices, though it has limited power over suppliers that exhibit critical violations.

Unseen barrier of water risks to sustainable consumption and production in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMES) in Kenya

World economic reports cite MSMEs as important vehicles for sustainable economic growth for any country. With changing climatic conditions, water, as a resource has become scarce thus water risks, have been underscored to be an unseen barrier to the posterity of MSMEs with the potential of impacting on their unsustainable consumption patterns. Global city populations projected to double by 2050; water issues and availability are rendered high risk for businesses. Kenya termed as a water-scarce country, transfers the harsh reality of water risks as an unseen barrier to any MSMEs. The aim of the study was to investigate the unseen barrier of water risks to sustainable consumption and production in MSMEs and their threat to business bottom lines. The study was conducted through a systematic literature review of articles on water crisis and MSMEs globally and in Nairobi. Findings of the study indicate that a water crisis may result in insufficient water for a business to maintain production, while poor water quality could increase pre-treatment costs for industry explicating water risk as an unseen barrier. Water risks are further impacted by weak water governance which results in erratic water deliveries, resulting in production delays. Water risks manifest in inadequate water quantity or quality, which require MSMEs to relocate water-intense operations to water secure areas and pursuing alternatives such as building artificial storage. Water risks require huge investments to resolve it underscoring its unseen barrier for the posterity of the MSMEs. To mitigate water risks, cost-effective measures that can be taken comprise putting guidelines on water efficiency, measuring the consumption of water, and investing in new technology that ensures efficient use of water.

The UN and global political economy: trade, finance, and development

1. The UN Trade and Development Debates of the 1940s 2. The UN Recruits Economists 3. Michal Kalecki, the World Economic Report, and McCarthyism 4. From Full Employment to Economic Development 5. The Early Terms-of-Trade Controversy 6. ECLA, Industrialization, and Inflation 7. Competitive Coexistence and the Politics of Modernization 8. The Birth of UNCTAD 9. UNCTAD under Raul Prebisch: Success or Failure? 10. World Monetary Problems and the Challenge of Commodities 11. The Conservative Counterrevolution of the 1980s 12. What Lessons for the Future?

Enlargement of the Exchange Economy in Tropical Africa. United Nations Department of Economic Affairs, New York, 1954. Pp. vi + 59. - Scope and Structure of Money Economies in Tropical Africa. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, 1955. Pp. vii + 52. - Review of Economic Activity in Africa 1950 to 1954. Supplement to World Economic

Enlargement of the Exchange Economy in Tropical Africa. United Nations Department of Economic Affairs, New York, 1954. Pp. vi + 59. - Scope and Structure of Money Economies in Tropical Africa. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, New York, 1955. Pp. vii + 52. - Review of Economic Activity in Africa 1950 to 1954. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1953–4. United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, New York, 1955. Pp. xii + 146. - Volume 26 Issue 3

Economic Developments in the Middle East, 1945 to 1954. Mimeographed. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1953–4

Economic Developments in the Middle East, 1945 to 1954. Mimeographed. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1953–4

Review of Economic Activity in Africa 1950 to 1954.

Journal Article Review of Economic Activity in Africa 1950 to 1954. Mimeographed. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1953–4 Get access Review of Economic Activity in Africa 1950 to 1954. Mimeographed. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1953–4. New York, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs; London, H.M.S.O., 1955. xii+146 pp. Tables. 10¾″ × 8½″. $1.50. 11s. Sw. frs. 6. F. B. F. B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 32, Issue 1, January 1956, Page 120, https://doi.org/10.2307/2607919 Published: 01 January 1956

World Economic Report 1952–53, Summary of Recent Economic Developments in the Middle East 1952–53 and Summary of Recent Economic Developments in Africa 1952″53

Journal Article World Economic Report 1952–53, Summary of Recent Economic Developments in the Middle East 1952–53 and Summary of Recent Economic Developments in Africa 1952″53 Get access World Economic Report 1952–53. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic Affairs; London, H.M.S.O., 1954. viii+156 pp. Charts. Tables. Index. 11″ × 8½″. $1.75. 12s. 6d. Sw.frs.7.Summary of Recent Economic Developments in the Middle East 1952–53. Supplement to World Economic Report. Mimeographed. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic Affairs; London, H.M.S.O., 1954. 128 pp. Tables. 10¾″ × 8½″. $1.25. 9s. Sw.frs.5.Summary of Recent Economic Developments in Africa 1952″53. Supplement to World Economic Report. Mimeographed. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic Affairs; London, H.M.S.O., 1954. vii+ 83 pp. Tables. 10¾″ × 8½″. 80 cents. 6s. Sw.frs.3. Marianne Gellner Marianne Gellner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 1955, Page 86, https://doi.org/10.2307/2604599 Published: 01 January 1955

Review of Economic Conditions in the Middle East 1951–52. Supplement to World Economic Report

Review of Economic Conditions in the Middle East 1951–52. Supplement to World Economic Report

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:Econometircs. By J. Tinbergen.Econometrics. By Gerhard Tintner.Welfare Economics and The Theory of the State. By William J. BaumolGrundsätze der Wirschaftspolitik. By Walter Eucken.Welfare and Competition.Principles of Economic Development.Economics‐An Introductory Analysis of the Levelos, Composition and Distribution of Economic Income.Business Fluctuations.The Sterling Area.The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo.Ten Great Economists.Introduction to Economic History 1950‐1950.The Ethics of Redistribution.Essays in Social Theory.Equality.British Working Class Movements: Select Documents 1789–1875.Industrialization and Labor: Social Aspects of Economic Development.The Bias of CommunicationTypologie der Theorien des Industriestandortes.The New Society.Committee Decisions with Complementary Valuation.Some Conceptual Aspects of International Economic Development of Under‐developed Territories.Economic Prosperity of the United Provinces: A Study in the Provincial Income, its Distribution and Working conditions 1921‐29.Measures for International Economics Stability.International Economics.The Pattern of United States Import Trade Since 1923. Some new Index Series and Their Application.Internationale Regulierungen auf dem Welweizenmarkt.Mobilizing Resources for War.The Source And Nature of the Statistics of the United KingdomWorld Economic Report 1950‐51Effects of Taxation on Depreciation Adjustments for Price Changes.The Economic Development of Iraq.A Geometry of International Trade.

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Capital Development in Steel. A Study of the United Steel Companies Ltd. By P. W. S. Andrews and Elizabeth Brunner. The Malthusian Controversy. By Kenneth Smith Industrial Democracy and Nationalization. By Hugh Clegg. The Soviet Financial Systems. Its Development and Relations with the Western World. By Mikhail V. Condoide.Conference on Business Cycles. Bilanzbildsequenzen (Sequences of Balance Sheet Pictures). By Erwin Fein. Food. Vol. I–The Growth of Policy. Coastwise Skipping and the Small Ports. By P. Ford and J. A. Bound. A Study in the Theory of Inflation. By. Bent Hansen. The New Issue Market and the Finance of Industry. By R. F. Henderson. Air Transport In Australia. By D. M. Hocking and C. P. Haddon‐Cave. Report on Cuba–International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. International Economic Papers, No. 1. Translations prepared for the International Economic Association.Year Book of Labour Statistics 1949‐50.Balance of Payments Yearbook Activity Analysis of Production and Allocation Edited by T. C. Koopman. Monetary Theory and Public Policy. By Kenneth K. Kurihara. County Income Estimates for Seven South‐eastern States. Report of the Conference on the Measurement of County Income. By John Littlepage Lancaster. Private Corporations and Their Control. By A. B. Levy. Principles of Political Economy. By T. R. Malthus. The Theory of International Economic Policy. Volume I, The Balrrnce of Payments. By J. E. Neade. The Problem of Summation in Economic Science. By Göran Nyblen. The Economics of the International Patent System. By Edith Penrose. Private and Public Investment in Canada—Outlook 1952. Collected Economic Papers. By Joan Robinson. The Rate of Interest and Other Essays. By Joan Robinson. Central Banking in Undeveloped Money Markets by S. N. Sen. Essai sur la Politique des Subventions Administratives. By Jean Boulouis. The Exchange Stability Problem. By G. StuvelFormulation and Economic Appraisal of Development Projects. World Economic Report 1949/50. (Department of Economic Affairs, United Nations, New York, 1951.) (Available in Australia from H. A. Ooddard Pty. Ltd., Economic Survey of Europe in 1950. Prepared by the Research and Planning Division Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva, 1951. Productivity and Trade Umons. By F. Zweig. Irish Agriculture in Transition. By Joseph Johnston. Economic Planning in Hungary 1947‐9. By George Kemeny.

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: What Happens During Business Cycles Wesley C. Mitchell Business Cycles and National Income. Alvin H. Hansen. Allen and Unwin, London, for W. W. Norton, N.Y.). The Levelling of Incomes Since 1938. Dudley Seers (Oxford, Basil Blackwell).Studies in Income and Wealth. Vol. 8111. Conference on Research in Income and Wealth Income Analysis. R. V. Clemence (Addison‐Wesley Press, Inc.). Income and Wealth (Series I). Erik Lundberg La Recente Inversione Nella Tendenza Della Natalita. Bernardo Colombo Economic Dynamics. William J. Baumol Ralph Turvey Oxford. Studies in the Price Mechanism. T. Wilson and P. W. S. Andrews. Product Equilibrium Under Monopolistic Competition. H. Brems The Role of Measurement in Economics. Richard Stone Psychological Analysis of Economic Behaviour. George Katona Gesellschaftslenkung und Politik. Emile Callot Liberty and Learning: Essays in Honour Sir James Hight. What Do, Economists Know? Benjamin Higgins Marxism, Freedom and the State. Michael Bakunin. An Introduction to Economic Analysis. J. K. Eastham.Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference of Agricultural Economists. Agricultural Co‐operation in the Commonwealth. Margaret Digby With a foreword by C. R. Fay. World Resources and Industries: Revised Edition, 1951. E. W. Zimmermann The International Economics. P. T. Ellsworth Cyclical Movements in the Balance of Payments. T. C. Chang The Commerce of Nations. By J. B. Condiffe (W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 1950) World Trade and Investment: The Economics of Interdependence. Donald B. MarshPrinciples of Private and Public Planning. A Study in Economic Sociology. By Wilhelm KeilhauThe National Income of Malaya, 1947–1949 (with a note on 1950) By Frederic BenhamEconomic Consequences of Divided India: A Study of the Economy of India and Pakistan. By C. N. Vakil (Vora & Co., Bombay).First Report of the National Income Committee, April 1951.British Economic History Since 1760. By S. G. E. LytheThe Works and Correspondence of David Bicardo. Edited by Piero Sraffa, with the collaboration of M. H. Dobb. Vol. III. L'Homme Agent Du Developpement Economique. By Adrien Tay mans William Godwin—A Study, in Liberalism. By David Fleisher Palace of Industry, 1851. A Study of the Great Exhibition and its Fruits. By C. R. Fay Some Accounting Terms and Concepts. A Report of a Joint Exploratory Committee appointed by the Institute of Chartered Accountans in England and Wales and by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research A Course in Applied Economics. By E. H. Phelps Brown Work and Welfare in Australia. Studies in Social Economics. By Marjorie Tew The Transportation Industries, 1889–1946. By Harold BargerReview of Economic Conditions in the Middle East; Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949–50.Review of Economic Conditions in Africa.Payment by Results. Collective Bargaining. By Neil W. Chamberlain Effects of Taxation. Corporate Mergers. By J. Keith Butters, John Lintner and William L. Cary, assisted by Powell Niland Kentucky Taxes Affecting Life Insurance. By C. R. Lockyer The Corporation Income Tax. By Richard Goode Finance of the Government of India. By R. N. Poduval (Premier Publishing Co., Delhi). Pp. 322 War Finance in Canada (Les Finances de Guerre du Canada). By Jean‐Pierre Martin Effects of Taxation on Executives. By Thomas H. Sanders Effects of Taxation: Executive Compensation and Retirement Plans. By Challis H. Hall Labour and Industrial Relations: A General Analysis. By Richard A. Lester Imperialism and Social Classes. By Joseph A. Schumpeter. Translated by Heinz Norden. Edited and with an Introduction by Paul M. Sweezy Ausgleichsgesetze der Amerikanischen Zahlungsbilanz (Laws of Adjustment of the American Balance of Payments). By Jürg Niehans

Review of Economic Conditions in Africa. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949–1950.

Review of Economic Conditions in Africa. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949–1950.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviews in this article:The Soviets in World Affairs. By Louis Fischer.Rusia's Soviet Economy. By Harry Schwartz.The New Soviet Empire. By David J Dallin.How Strong is Russia. By T. Zavilani.The Eastern Zone and Soviet Policy in Germany. By J. P. Nettl.Marx Against the Peasant. By David Mitrany.The Inhuman Land. By Joseph Czapski.It Happens in Russia. By Vladimir Petrov.Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession. By F. Beck and W. Godin.The Katyn Wood Murders. By Joseph Mackiewicz.Stalin's Slave Camps.THE POLITICAL QUARTERLYFfleedom, Power and Democratic Planning. By Karl Mannheiy.The Logic of Liberty: Reflections and Rejoinders. By M. Polanyi.Coal. By W. H. B. Court.The British Coal Industry. By H. Townshend‐Rose.SHORTER NOTICESThe Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo. Edited by Pibro SraffaCivitas Dei. By Lionel Curtis.Yearbook on Human Rights for 1949.World Economic Report, 1949–50.Survey of International Affairs, 1938. Vol. II. The Crisis over Czechoslovakia, January to September, 1938. By R. G. D. Laffan.Documents of International Affairs, 1939–1940. Vol. I. March‐September, 1939, Edited by Arnold J. Toynbee.The New Society. By Edward Halleit Carr.

Review of Economic Conditions in the Middle East. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949–50

Review of Economic Conditions in the Middle East. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949–50 Get access Review of Economic Conditions in the Middle East. Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949–50. By United Nations, Department of Economic Affairs. London, H.M.S.O. for United Nations, 1951. viii+84 pp. Maps. Tables. 11′​′×812′​′ 7s. 6d.$1. Sw.frs. 4. Doreen Warriner Doreen Warriner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1952, Pages 114–115, https://doi.org/10.2307/2605059 Published: 01 January 1952

Review of Ecomomic Conditions in Africa: Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949-50

Review of Ecomomic Conditions in Africa: Supplement to World Economic Report, 1949-50