World Climate Change Research Articles

Innovations in Wastewater Treatment

The rapid growth of the world population and climate change are two key factors that immensely affect freshwater availability [...]

Governing climate change in a changing world

Governing climate change in a changing world

Data-driven nexus between malaria incidence and World Bank indicators in the Mekong River during 2000-2022.

The increase in hydro dams in the Mekong River amidst the prevalence of multidrug-resistant malaria in Cambodia has raised concerns about global public health. Political conflicts during Covid-19 pandemic led cross-border movements of malaria cases from Myanmar and caused health care burden in Thailand. While previous publications used climatic indicators for predicting mosquito-borne diseases, this research used globally recognizable World Bank indicators to find the most impactful indicators related with malaria and shed light on the predictability of mosquito-borne diseases. The World Bank datasets of the World Development Indicators and Climate Change Knowledge Portal contain 1494 time series indicators. They were stepwise screened by Pearson and Distance correlation. The sets of five and four contain respectively 19 and 149 indicators highly correlated with malaria incidence which were found similarly among five and four GMS countries. Living areas, ages, career, income, technology accessibility, infrastructural facilities, unclean fuel use, tobacco smoking, and health care deficiency have affected malaria incidence. Tonle Sap Lake, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, could contribute to the larval habitat. Seven groups of indicator topics containing 92 indicators with not-null datapoints were analyzed by regression models, including Multiple Linear, Ridge, Lasso, and Elastic Net models to choose 7 crucial features for malaria prediction via Long Short Time Memory network. The indicator of people using at least basic sanitation services and people practicing open defecation were health factors had most impacts on regression models. Malaria incidence could be predicted by one indicator to reach the optimal mean absolute error which was lower than 10 malaria cases (per 1,000 population at risk) in the Long Short Time Memory model. However, public health crises caused by political problems should be analyzed by political indexes for more precise predictions.

Implementation of Norway's Food Security Policy: A Review of Strategies for Achieving Food Security in Indonesia

Food security is a global issue that is increasingly urgent to be resolved along with world population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Norway, as a developed country with an efficient and innovative agricultural system, has become an exemplary example of achieving food security. On the other hand, Indonesia still faces many challenges in achieving optimal food security. In this context, this research reviews strategies for achieving food security in Indonesia and the implementation of Norway's food security policy. The literature study method was used to collect relevant information, and the results showed that the third strategy, which focuses on "ends," is the key to increasing food security. This strategy includes increasing national food independence, developing inclusive food supply chains, and increasing resilience to climate change and natural disasters. By considering strategies that have proven effective in Norway, Indonesia can identify concrete steps to increase food security in a sustainable manner.

Land Cover and Land Use Ontology—Evolution of International Standards, Challenges, and Opportunities

Knowledge of land is of central importance to manage the impact of mankind upon the environment. The understanding and treatment of land vary greatly across different regions and communities, making the description of land highly specific to each locality. To address the larger global issues, such as world food production or climate change mitigation, one needs to have a common standardized understanding of the biosphere cover and use of land. Different governments and institutions established national systems to describe thematic content of land within their jurisdictions. These systems are all valid and tuned to address various national needs. However, their integration at regional or global levels is lacking. Integrating data from widely divergent sources to create world datasets not only requires standards, but also an approach to integrate national and regional land cover classification systems. The ISO 19144 series, developed through the collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), offers a meta-language for the integration of disparate land classification systems, enhancing interoperability, data sharing, and national to global data integration and comparison. This paper provides an overview of classification system concepts, different stages for the development of standards in ISO and the status of different standards in the ISO 19144 series. It also explores the critical role of the ISO 19144 series in standardizing land cover and land use classification systems. Drawing on practical case studies, the paper underscores the series’ potential to support global sustainable development goals and lays out a path for its future development and application. Using these standards, we gain not only a tool for harmonizing land classification, but also a critical level for advancing sustainable development and environmental stewardship worldwide.

Physiological and antioxidant responses of synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasm under drought

BackgroundAs a result of the world population and climate change impact increases (especially in arid environments), there is a critical need for high-yield, drought-tolerant wheat. Synthetic hexaploid wheat derived lines (SHW-DL), were created artificially by crossing different durum wheat cultivars (AABB) with accessions of Aegilops tauschii (DD), a beneficial source of new genes for common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Here, we studied the response of a panel of 91 SHW-DL for drought tolerance based on physiological, antioxidant enzyme activities, and drought tolerance indices.ResultsA wide range of variation and high values of heritability observed for grain yield, physiological and antioxidant traits indicating that the SHW-DL panel constitutes a valuable gene source for drought tolerance improvement of wheat. Despite decreases in grain yield (YLD), leaf area index (LAI), and relative water content (RWC) an increase in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed. Moreover, drought streass increased the antioxidant enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), and also photosynthetic pigments, proline (Pro), and MDA content. With higher values of grain yield, physiological and biochemical traits such as photosynthetic pigments, and RWC, and lower content of MDA, and peroxidase (H2O2) activity, SHW-DL performed better compared to common wheat lines under water stress conditions.ConclusionsDifferent responses to water stress within the germplasm and between synthetic and common wheat suggest that selection for adaptive and suitable genotypes is possible for drought tolerance in synthetic wheat germplasm. Genotypes 54, 98, 102, 105, 122, 124, 143, 159, 196, and 198 were identified to be directly used in breeding programs or indirectly by crossing them with other wheat germplasm collections.

Microbiomes for the future of sustainable wheat production

Microbiomes for the future of sustainable wheat production Researchers from the WHEATBIOME project joined forces to address several challenges related to sustainable wheat production and consumption, revealing the role of microbes in shaping the Future of Healthy Food. Food systems are facing unprecedented challenges due to the increase in the world population, climate change, and geopolitical instability, which threaten food security and prices. Additionally, systemic inefficiencies and massive food waste from crop harvest to consumption have been observed. This scenario imposes an urgent unification of different scientific research areas to advance knowledge on a future-proof agrifood system. Wheat is a staple crop facing stagnant production in Europe due to increasing biotic and abiotic stresses exacerbated by climate change. Its nutritional importance spans human and animal consumption, yet its immunogenicity poses health risks like gluten sensitivity and celiac disease.

Breaking Barriers, Building Bridges: Towards Inclusive and Resilient Cities through Social Diversity and Participation

In a world facing displacement, violent conflicts, climate change, and urban sprawl, urban settings are plagued byinequality, poverty, injustice, and racial and class divisions. These divisions exacerbate violence, crime, and racism. Asurban planners, it is crucial to recognize and develop solutions for present and emerging challenges. Evaluating diversesocial activities with stakeholder participation is essential for fulfilling public interests. This study aims to identify bestpractices for socially sustainable urban environments by leveraging urban diversity and social participation. Byenvisioning inclusive, resilient, and socially sustainable cities, this research investigates participatory urban designthrough case studies of social-diversity-focused projects worldwide. The methodology includes selecting case studiesbased on criteria like geographical representation and levels of community engagement. The objective is to deriveimplementable recommendations for creating inclusive, resilient, and socially sustainable urban environments byanalyzing the impact of social diversity and participation on urban resilience.

Flood Disaster Risk Management In Manado City

Geological and hydrometeorological disasters are disasters that are often experienced by every region in Indonesia. Hydrometeorological disasters such as floods are influenced by strong westerly winds and world climate change. Apart from that, inappropriate land conversion is also one of the factors causing this disaster. One of the regions in Indonesia that is highly vulnerable to flood disasters is the city of Manado. Geographically, Manado City is surrounded by mountains and 5 large rivers that pass-through Manado City, namely the Tikala river and the Tondano river which merge in the Paal 2 area, the Malalayang river, the Sario River and the Bailang River. To overcome this disaster, it is necessary to carry out appropriate mitigation efforts to minimize the impact caused by the flood disaster in Manado City. The aim of this research is to analyze the risk level of flood disasters in Manado City and provide appropriate recommendations related to flood disaster mitigation in Manado City. This research uses analysis with quantitative descriptive research methods. The results of this research are that there are 3 classes of flood disaster risk levels in Manado City. In the high class there are 53 subdistricts, medium 2 subdistricts and low 32 subdistricts. Policy recommendations are made based on the level of risk by taking into account the main causal factors. Furthermore, it is recommended in every sub-district.

Trends in imported infections among migrants and travellers to Spain: a decade of analysis through the +Redivi network (2012-2022).

High-speed global travel, increased trade, world population growth, migration, urbanization and climate change have favoured the emergence and spread of pathogens. We aimed to analyse the evolution of imported infections in Spain during 2012-2022 and the potential impact of some of the abovementioned factors on differential morbidity patterns. In this retrospective study (January 2012 to December 2022), we analysed data collected by the +Redivi network across 25 health centres. The network's standardised database records new cases of imported infections, including patient demographics, travel history, pre-travel advice and diagnostic information. To assess outcome rates over time and potential interactions, we constructed penalized weighted models to reduce the bias related to a low event rate and used weighted logistic regression for morbidity outcomes. We recorded 25 632 episodes, comprising 13 913 migrants, 4047 visiting friends and relatives (VFR) immigrants, 392 VFR travellers and 7280 travellers. Most immigrants came from South America (48.3%), Sub-Saharan Africa (28.5%), North Africa (6.6%), South Central Asia (5.4%) and Central America/Caribbean (5.3%). The most common regions visited by travellers were Sub-Saharan Africa (33.5%), South America (24.5%), Central America/Caribbean (13.5%), Southeast Asia (12%) and South Central Asia (10%). The proportion of diagnoses of malaria, strongyloidiasis and unspecified self-limiting febrile syndrome < 3weeks remained unchanged during the study period. An increased frequency of diagnosis was reported for schistosomiasis, blastocystosis, giardiasis, dengue, diarrhoea, new cases of HIV, latent and pulmonary tuberculosis, whereas a decrease was reported for syphilis, chikungunya fever, Chagas disease and eosinophilia. We detected interactions between time and sex or type of participant across the different diagnoses. Our study underscores the importance of epidemiological data in understanding infectious diseases dynamics among travellers and migrants, emphasizing how demographic shifts, migration trends and healthcare policies affect disease profiles. Comprehensive data play an essential role in enhancing public health policies and travel advice.

Application of Sustainable Agricultural Technology to Increase Productivity and Food Security

Food security is an important global issue to overcome. The increasing world population and climate change bring new challenges to ensuring the availability of sufficient and nutritious Food. Sustainable agriculture offers solutions to increase productivity and Food security while preserving the environment. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of implementing sustainable agricultural technology in increasing agricultural productivity and food security in an area or community. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is a literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The research results show that sustainable agricultural technology can increase productivity and Food security. Farmers who apply sustainable agricultural technology generally produce higher yields and are more resistant to pests and disease. However, its implementation still needs challenges, such as limited access to technology and knowledge, high costs, and lack of policy support.

Investigating medicinal plants for antimicrobial benefits in a changing climate

As the world's climate changes, there is growing concern about how it is affecting human health, including the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and their antimicrobial properties have been recognized by many cultures. This article focuses on exploring the potential of medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity in the face of climate change challenges. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with using medicinal plants as a source of new antimicrobial agents, including issues related to the changes in plant chemistry caused by climate change, and the need for sustainable and ethical sourcing practices. The article also examines the importance of traditional knowledge and cultural practices in the development and conservation of medicinal plants. Finally, the article highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research and collaboration in harnessing the potential of medicinal plants for combating antimicrobial resistance in the context of a changing climate.

Millets as Nutricereal Climate Resilient Smart Crop: A Review

Worldwide climate change and extreme weather variations are the most threatening challenge to agriculture and allied activities. The entire food production system has faced serious challenges due to increase in average temperature, intensity and frequency of drought and flood, aberration of rainfall patterns, and elevation in CO2 concentration. In today’s world climate change is a major concern. Review of different literature from different reports and studies for different nutritional benefit of millets and how it can thrive in climate change conditions are important. Different literature have been searched from different sources and complied. Millets are considered highly nutrition-rich and climate-resilient coarse grain cereals and it can enhance income as well as improve food and nutrition security. Millets have climate-resilient features and that’ s why they can thrive in adjust to a vast changing ecological conditions, less water requirements, low nutrient input conditions and also they have more resistance to environmental hassels. In comparison to cereals, millets have more dietary fibres, resistant starches and are nutritionally superior. Millet require less time to complete its life cycle than rice and wheat, so they have the capacity to escape the stresses. Millets also provide several health benefits as they have nutritious. The cost of cultivation is also less compare to other cereals. As population growth increases and climate is changing day by day so millets are the alternative choice for today’s world. In Karnataka most of the farmers already have started to cultivate drought resistant millets than more water required crop like rice, sugarcane, and maize to due to climate change. They commonly grown millets from domestic purposes are sorghum, pearl millet, finger - millet, barnyard, foxtail, kodo, proso and Little millet.

Quantifying uncertainty in carbon emission estimation: Metrics and methodologies

Carbon emissions are a significant driver of global climate change in today's world. A central concern in discussing carbon emissions is the level of uncertainty associated with them. This study aims to assess the feasibility of using the Mean Squared Error (MSE) as a point estimation measure and confidence interval (CI) as an interval estimation measure to quantify the uncertainty surrounding carbon emissions. To achieve this goal, the bootstrap and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods were used, utilizing both classical and Bayesian inference methods to uncover the true parameter value.In the context of Bayesian inference, a 2-chain MCMC method proved to be the optimal choice for generating posterior distributions and accurately estimating the true parameter of the distribution θ. The analysis also shows that, while a CI is valuable as an evaluative measure, it does not inherently provide a quantified form of uncertainty and should not be used for quantitative uncertainty assessment. Instead, the Relative Standard Error (RSE) emerges as a promising quantitative measure for capturing the uncertainty of θ, while the percentage uncertainty offers a qualitative perspective. These combined measures provide a comprehensive toolkit for computing and communicating the uncertainty in carbon emission and emission factor values. This reinforces a move towards incorporating transparent uncertainty metrics, ensuring that stakeholders have access to reliable and accurate carbon emission values.

Feasibility Assessment of Medium-Scale Hydro-Power Plant – Case Study in Kerala, India

The power of the hydrological cycle is enormous, sometimes devastating, but when it is utilised wisely, its negative impacts on humankind can be mitigated. Catastrophic floods and droughts are boosted by the world climate change. Hence, water management programs came into effect. On the other hand, energy production plays a major role in the country’s economic development. So, studies have come up with many ideas to ameliorate disasters especially floods through building mini, small, and large hydro-power plants against the rivers. This study presents a feasibility analysis of flood management and energy production in the Madupetty River, Kerala, India. Even though there are other dams in the Madupetty River, Mudirappuzha basin, the old Headwork built for a hydroelectric project, needs capacity augmentation. This study looks at ways to optimise the Maduppetty River’s water distribution system by building a dam-toe powerhouse where flood water can be stored and utilised when needed. Detailed analysis and design of the hydro-power station is presented. Rainfall runoff equations are used to assess the inflow for power potential studies. During flooding, the projected dam can hold 20.42 MCM of water. From this study, the dam toe powerhouse and cascade powerhouses will create 7.12 Mu and 90 Mu.

According to Islamic Shari'ah, three Natural Phenomena in Climate Change

Today in the world Climate change is a very important issue and humans are also dealing with it. which have changed over time through natural phenomena; Whatever issue is relate to nature, the Islamic Shari'ah has discussed about those issue And it is mentioned in the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet and it is obligatory for every Muslim to inform himself about his religion, also Islam has not hidden anything from human eyes. This research is about wind, cloud and rain from the Islamic shari'ah point of view, Therefore, it is mentioned in the Qur'an (105) times in different ayat (verses) under different names and in different situations together or separately. This research has a library format. And done this research in a month. Climate change of an area is caused by natural elements and human activities. Every important thing is mentioned in the Quran which humans need and know about it. Also mentioned the benefits of everything and their results. So that the people of wisdom use it and thank their ALLAH for the blessings and protect themselves from the blessings of disbelief.

An exploration of the relationship between land governance and development through a systematic review of interventions

The importance of land governance to economic development is a theme that usually receives less attention than it is due in academic production. Land, being a physically limited resource, is increasingly under pressure by the expanding world population and climate change and, thus, an constitutes an important subject of inquiry for academics and policymakers. In this paper we investigate the relationship between land governance and economic development through a systematic review of the literature on land governance interventions and its impacts regarding three main areas (socioeconomic, environmental and gender). While we found out that most of the impacts analyzed were positive (76 %), there are still lots of gaps regarding the geographic distribution of the intervention studies, the focus of intervention analyses (most studied socioeconomic variables) and difficulties dealing with bias control. Moreover, we discuss other methodological difficulties and limitations of the study to propose future research agendas in the theme.

An IoT-based intelligent smart energy monitoring system for solar PV power generation

Abstract As the world’s attention turns to cleaner, more dependable, and sustainable resources, the renewable energy sector is rising quickly. The decline in world energy use and climate change are the two most significant factors nowadays. PV forecasting was essential to enhancing the efficiency of the real-time control system and preventing any undesirable effects. The smart energy management systems of distributed energy resources, the forecasting model of irradiation received from the sun, and therefore PV energy production might mitigate the impact of uncertainty on PV energy generation, improve system dependability, and increase the incursion level of solar power generation. Smart sensors and Internet of Things technologies are essential for monitoring and controlling applications in a broad range of fields. As a result, solar power generation forecasting was essential for microgrid stability and security, as well as solar photovoltaic integration in a strategic approach. This paper examines how to use IoT, a solar photovoltaic system being monitored, and shows the proposed monitoring system is a potentially viable option for smart remote and in-person monitoring of a solar PV system.

Optimalisasi Pelayanan Mitigasi Bencana Banjir di Karangbinangun Lamongan Agar Masyarakat Peduli Akan Pentingnya Lingkungan

Mitigation is an effort with a goal tominimize impact of disasters by carrying out proper planning. Geological and hydrometeorological disasters are disasters that are often experienced by Indonesia. In Indonesia hydrometeorological disasters such as floods are affected by strong westerly winds and world climate change. Inappropriate land use change also supports the occurrence of this disaster. The purpose of this study was to determine the standard of flood mitigation services in Karangbinangun Lamongan and to recommend forms of flood disaster mitigation in Karangbinangun Lamongan. This study uses analysis with qualitative research methods. The analysis was carried out with reference to Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management. The results of this study are that there are 14 Public Service Standards for flood disaster mitigation.

Exploitation of Allelic Variation and Superior Haplotypes for OsMIT3 Regulating Tiller Number in Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food for more than 60 % of the population globally and it is consumed in various forms. Increased crop yield under variable climatic circumstances is necessary in light of the world population's rapid growth, yield plateaus, resource depletion, and climate change. In order to overcome these obstacles, novel genes and alleles in the rice gene pool must be found, and unique features like C4 photosynthesis must be modified. The negative effects of climate change, stagnated yields, and diminishing agricultural resources are major obstacles. Tillering is one of the important traits to be considered for increased rice crop production and productivity. The target gene OsMIT3 phenotypically shows higher tillering and is caused by strigolactone deficiency that directly linked to carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, signaling strigolactone genes towards rice tillering. In this study, 100 diverse accessions from Rice 3K-RG panel were selected and analyzed, which shows three significant SNPs and grouped into four haplotypes group with allelic combinations of TAT(H1), ACA(H2), TAA(H3) and ACT(H4). Among the four haplo-group, H3 shows higher mean value for both total number of tillers and productive tillers, which can be further considered as a source of breeding strategy for crop yield.