Processing Workstation Research Articles

Value of Semi-Quantitative Parameters of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Primary Malignant and Benign Diseases: A Comparison with 18F-FDG.

Objectives: We compared the value of the semiquantitative parameters of 68Ga-labeled FAP inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI)-04 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in diagnosing primary malignant and benign diseases. Materials and Methods: 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT images of 80 patients were compared. Semiquantitative parameters, including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV (SUVmean), peak SUV (SUVpeak), peak SUV by lean body mass (SULpeak), metabolic tumor volume (or tumor volume of FAPI; FAPI-TV), and TLG (or total lesion activity of FAPI; FAPI-TLA), were automatically obtained using the IntelliSpace Portal image processing workstation with a threshold of 40% SUVmax. The liver blood pool was measured as the background, and the tumor-to-background ratio (TBRliver) was calculated. Results: In all malignant lesions, FAPI-TV and FAPI-TLA were higher in 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT than in 18F-FDG. In the subgroup analysis, 68Ga-FAPI-04 had higher FAPI-TV and FAPI-TLA and lower SUVmax than 18F-FDG had in group A, including gynecological tumor, esophageal, and colorectal cancers. However, six semiquantitative parameters were higher in group B (the other malignant tumors). For the benign diseases, SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, and SULpeak were lower in 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT than in 18F-FDG. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed a lower liver background and a higher TBRliver than 18F-FDG did. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT had higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity than 18F-FDG had. Conclusion: More accurate semiquantitative parameters and lower abdominal background in 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT make it more competitive in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign diseases than in 18F-FDG.

Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) of Endometrial Cancer MRI to Determine P53 Molecular Subtypes.

Endometrial Cancer (EC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer comprising both histological and molecular subtypes. Using a non-invasive modality method to trigger these subtypes as early as possible can aid clinicians in establishing individualized treatment. The study aimed to clarify the value of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) of EC MRI in determining molecular subtypes. We retrospectively recruited 109 patients with pathologically proven EC (78 endometrioid cancers and 31 non-endometrioid cancers) with available molecular classification from a tertiary centre. MRI was prospectively performed a month prior to surgery; images were blindly interpreted by two experienced radiologists with consensus reading. The ADC value was measured by an experienced radiologist on the commercially available processing workstation. Interoperator measurement consistency was calculated. Our sample comprised 17 PLOE, 32 MSI-H, 31 NSMP, and 29 P53abn ECs. Clinical information did not differ significantly among the groups. The maximum diameter and volume of the lesions differed among the groups. The ADC value in the maximal area (ADCarea) or region of interest (ROI, ADCroi) in the P53abn group was higher than that in the other groups (894.0 ±12.6 and 817.5 ± 83.3 x10-6 mm2/s). The ADC mean values were significantly different between the P53abn group and the other groups (P = 0.000). The nomogram showed the highest discriminative ability to distinguish P53abn EC from other types (AUC: 0.859). Our results have suggested the quantitative MR characteristics (ADC values) derived from preoperative EC MRI to provide useful information in preoperatively determining P53abn cancer.

The Effect of Noise and Lighting on the Output of Work Production in Small and Medium-Sized Foundry Enterprises

The main work environment factors which include temperature, lighting, noise, and air circulation are factors that affect the physical, mental, and psychological burden of employees. High physical, mental, and psychological burdens can affect the non-achievement of production output. This is found in Metal Casting SMEs TS Aluminum. The noise level at the TS Aluminum SMEs at the scraping workstation exceeded the normal threshold of 92.42 dB and the lighting at the scraping workstation was below the threshold of 49.8 Lux. This study was conducted to determine the effect of noise and lighting simultaneously or partially on production output at the processing workstation at SMEs TS Aluminum. This study used the multiple linear regression method, with 5 respondents. The equipment used for noise data collection is the Lutron SL-400 Sound Level Meter and lighting is measured using the Lux MeterLX101 A measuring instrument. Based on the results of statistical tests, show that simultaneous and partial noise and lighting variables have a significant positive effect on production output at the processing workstation at SMEs TS Aluminum (p-value < 0.05). Testing the value of multiple coefficients of determination obtained a percentage of 47% of the influence of noise and lighting on productivity variables, while the remaining percentage of 53% was influenced by other variables that were not studied. Suggestions for noise are that SMEs pay more attention to room capacity, pay attention to the layout of employees in filing, installation of room silencers, and workers required to use personal protective equipment (PPE). The lighting suggestion is that SMEs must add lights in every corner of the room so that the lighting is evenly distributed to all rooms.

Through the Forming Process of Femtosecond-Laser Nanotextured Sheets for Production of Complex 3D Parts

The use of ultra-short pulse lasers in the kW range, combined with an appropriate beam engineering approach, enables the achievement of high-throughput production of laser-functionalised surfaces. However, the manufacturing of complex parts still faces various challenges, such as difficulties in accessing regions with high aspect ratio shapes or intricate profiles, which often leads to the necessity of adapting the laser processing workstation to specific geometries. The forming process is a well-established technique for producing parts of any shape from metallic foils by imposing specific constraints. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of producing laser-functionalised 3D complex products by the forming of laser-treated flat thin metallic sheets. Two-hundred micrometre-thick stainless-steel foils were textured with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) through a roll-to-roll pilot line. First, we optimized the morphology of LIPSS. Subsequently, we conducted three types of mechanical tests on both laser-treated and untreated foils: standard tensile tests, fatigue tests, and cruciform specimen tests. We measured and compared parameters such as ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation, and area reduction between specimens with and without LIPSS, all obtained from the same foil. Additionally, we utilized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare the LIPSS morphology of laser-treated samples before and after mechanical tests.

Automated sample preparation of protein solid dosage forms: Novel application for the tablet processing workstation.

Biological macromolecule solid dosage forms represent the frontier of orally administered pharmaceuticals. Analysis of these drug products poses new challenges compared to traditional small molecule tablets. In this study we demonstrate the first, to our knowledge, automated Tablet Processing Workstation (TPW) sample preparation of large molecule tablets. Tablets containing a modified version of human insulin were tested for content uniformity and the automated method was successfully validated for recovery, carryover and displayed manual method equivalency in repeatability and in-process stability. Per TPW's ability to process one sample sequentially, the total analysis cycle time is, in fact, increased. In lieu, a net gain in scientist productivity is realized by enabling continuous operation reducing analytical scientist labor time by 71% compared to manually conducted sample preparation.

The therapeutic utility of combining dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labeling in the staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

BackgroundTo research the pathological and clinical staging uses of arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).Materials and methods64 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients were enrolled from December 2020 to January 2022, and 3.0 T MRI (Discovery 750W, GE Healthcare, USA) were used for ASL and DCE-MRI scans. The DCE-MRI and ASL raw data were processed post-acquisition on the GE image processing workstation (GE Healthcare, ADW 4.7, USA). The volume transfer constant (Ktrans), blood flow (BF), and accompanying pseudo-color images were generated automatically. Draw the region of interest (ROIs), and the Ktrans and BF values for each ROI were recorded separately. Based on pathological information and the most recent AJCC staging criteria, patients were divided into low T stage groups = T1–2 and high T stage groups = T3–4, low N stage groups = N0–1 and high N stage groups = N2–3, and low AJCC stage group = stage I–II and high AJCC stage group = stage III–IV. The association between the Ktranst and BF parameters and the T, N, and AJCC stages was compared using an independent sample t-test. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of Ktranst, BFt, and their combined use in T and AJCC staging of NPC were investigated and assessed.ResultThe tumor-BF (BFt) (t = − 4.905, P < 0.001) and tumor-Ktrans (Ktranst) (t = − 3.113, P = 0.003) in the high T stage group were significantly higher than those in the low T stage group. The Ktranst in the high N stage group was significantly higher than that in the low N stage group (t = − 2.071, P = 0.042). The BFt (t = − 3.949, P < 0.001) and Ktranst (t = − 4.467, P < 0.001) in the high AJCC stage group were significantly higher than those in the low AJCC stage group. BFt was moderately positively correlated with the T stage (r = 0.529, P < 0.001) and AJCC stage (r = 0.445, P < 0.001). Ktranst was moderately positively correlated with T staging (r = 0.368), N staging (r = 0.254), and AJCC staging (r = 0.411). There was also a positive correlation between BF and Ktrans in gross tumor volume (GTV) (r = 0.540, P < 0.001), parotid (r = 0.323, P < 0.009) and lateral pterygoid muscle (r = 0.445, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the combined application of Ktranst and BFt for AJCC staging increased from 76.5 and 78.4 to 86.3%, and the AUC value increased from 0.795 and 0.819 to 0.843, respectively.ConclusionCombining Ktrans and BF measures may make it possible to identify the clinical stages in NPC patients.

Intelligent Deployment Solution for Tabling Adapting Deep Learning

The deep learning object detection model can well extract the coordinate information of the separating point of the concentrate ore belt boundary line. However, with the drawbacks of acquired zonal image features, it is difficult to obtain the perfect prediction of the concentrate grade and recovery rate. In this study, by adapting deep learning semantic segmentation technique with DeepLab V3+, which can effectively extract multi-dimensional image features. The mapping relationship between image features and attributes of the Tabling equipment is achieved by constructing a multi-output support vector regression model optimized of a sparrow search algorithm (SSA-MSVR). The beneficiation indicators and operating parameters of the Tabling can be continually detected and optimized by an intelligent system that mainly includes image recognition softwares, automatic control units, data processing and communication workstations, and matching intelligent equipment, which accomplished the intelligent deployment solution of the Tabling beneficiation process.

Multi-Institutional Validation of a Smartphone-Based Surface Guided Radiation Therapy (SGRT) Tracking System for Respiratory Monitoring in Radiation Therapy

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Surface guidance radiation therapy (SGRT) systems are becoming standard-of-care for patient setup and motion monitoring. However, commercial systems remain inaccessible to resource-limited clinics around the world. The iOS Surface Audiovisual Biofeedback (iSAVB) system implements ubiquitous mobile technology as a versatile tool for surface imaging in resource-strapped clinics. The purpose of this study is to establish a robust validation platform, commission iSAVB at multiple participating institutions, and validate iSAVB using phantom motion and against commercial systems during patient treatments. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> Three participating institutions are implementing, validating, and comparing the iSAVB system against current clinical SGRT systems. The iSAVB system consists of depth camera enabled iOS device, to acquire real-time point-cloud data for surface rendering, a 3D printed stand capable of mounting and indexing on a treatment couch, and aa tablet (or external workstation) for audio-visual feedback and signal processing. Validation of the iSAVB system was performed against commercial optical systems at each center using a respiratory motion phantom. Motion traces were analyzed using linear regressions and Bland-Altman analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The iSAVB system was successfully installed at an initial institution and tested on phantoms and healthy volunteers. For free-breathing traces, iSAVB was significantly correlated to phantom input motion (r=0.99, p<0.0001; bias=0.00±0.05cm, 95%CI=−0.1cm,0.1cm) and commercial system motion (r=0.99, p<0.0001; bias=0.00±0.07cm, 95%CI=−0.14cm,0.14cm). Systems are currently being installed at the two additional institutions that will perform similar commissioning and validation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A multi-center validation shows the iSAVB system can be used for surface motion monitoring and provides SGRT capabilities similar to current high-end clinical systems. The iSAVB system can be used for 3D/IMRT/VMAT treatments, although future validation is required for SBRT treatments. Future work includes establishing reliable commissioning protocols that follow TG-302 guidelines for resource-strapped departments to benefit from affordable and accurate surface imaging guidance. Reference:

3D reconstruction method for tree seedlings based on point cloud self-registration

The 3D reconstruction of tree seedlings can help to assess phenotypic architectures, conceive virtual urban landscapes and design computer games. The existing multicamera photograph technology already has the capability to accurately reconstruct 3D models for small scene plants, such as corn and vegetable seedlings. However, the existing plant 3D reconstruction system has several shortcomings, such as its high cost, complicated operation procedure, and unsuitability for seedling trees. Therefore, this paper proposes an autonomous alignment method for seedling point clouds that can realize the low-cost and fast 3D reconstruction of batch seedlings. In this study, we designed a system based on a low-cost Kinect camera and a precision turntable to construct 3D seedling models. A special turntable was adopted to achieve self-registration for the seedling point clouds. It was efficient for us to obtain several 3D seedlings models with only one registration. The system could capture images automatically from different viewpoints and submit these images to a graphic workstation for processing. In our work, we set three fixed views, V2, V3 and V4, to evaluate the cumulative errors caused by multiview matching. It needn’t touch any parts of the seedings to create 3D models at different view by the proposed method. Herein, the large proportions of 0 < mean absolute distance, MD ≤ 0.6 cm and 0 < standard deviation, SD ≤ 0.4 cm, between the reference and the reconstructed point cloud showed that the 3D reconstruction method was accurate, stable and flexible. Additionally, we validated the phenotypic structure measurement, and the height H was highly accurate (R2 > 0.985) when using the 3D reconstruction models of seedlings. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential to obtain high-precision 3D reconstruction models and phenotypic parameters for seedlings via low-cost equipment with high-efficiency processing algorithms.

Energy-Based Prognostics for Gradual Loss of Conveyor Belt Tension in Discrete Manufacturing Systems

This paper presents a data-driven approach for the prognosis of the gradual behavioural deterioration of conveyor belts used for the transportation of pallets between processing workstations of discrete manufacturing systems. The approach relies on the knowledge of the power consumption of a conveyor belt motor driver. Data are collected for two separate cases: the static case and dynamic case. In the static case, power consumption data are collected under different loads and belt tension. These data are used by a prognostic model (artificial neural network (ANN)) to learn the conveyor belt motor driver’s power consumption pattern under different belt tensions and load conditions. The data collected during the dynamic case are used to investigate how the belt tension affects the movement of pallets between conveyor zones. During the run time, the trained prognostic model takes real-time power consumption measurements and load information from a testbench (a discrete multirobot mobile assembling line) and predicts a belt tension class. A consecutive mismatch between the predicted belt tension class and optimal belt tension class is an indication of failure, i.e., a gradual loss of belt tension. Hence, maintenance steps must be taken to avoid further catastrophic situations such as belt slippages on head pulleys, material slippages and belt wear and tear.

Mobile internet-based mixed-reality interactive telecollaboration system for neurosurgical procedures: technical feasibility and clinical implementation.

To increase access to health interventions and healthcare services for patients in resource-constrained settings, strategies such as telemedicine must be implemented for the allocation of medical resources across geographic boundaries. Telecollaboration is the dominant form of surgical telemedicine. In this study, the authors report and evaluate a novel mobile internet-based mixed-reality interactive telecollaboration (MIMIT) system as a new paradigm for telemedicine and validate its clinical feasibility. The application of this system was demonstrated for long-distance, real-time collaboration of neuroendoscopic procedures. The system consists of a local video processing workstation, a head-mounted mixed-reality display device, and a mobile remote device, connected over mobile internet (4G or 5G), allowing global point-to-point communication. Using this system, 20 cases of neuroendoscopic surgery were performed and evaluated. The system setup, composite video latency, technical feasibility, clinical implementation, and future potential business model were analyzed and evaluated. The MIMIT system allows two surgeons to perform complex visual and verbal communication during the operation. The average video delay time is 184.25 msec (range 160-230 msec) with 4G mobile internet, and 23.25 msec (range 20-26 msec) with 5G mobile internet. Excellent image resolution enabled remote neurosurgeons to visualize all critical anatomical structures intraoperatively. Remote instructors could easily make marks on the surgical view; then the composite image, as well as the audio conversation, was transferred to the local surgeon. In this way, a real-time, long-distance collaboration can occur. This system was used for 20 neuroendoscopic surgeries in various cities in China and even across countries (Boston, Massachusetts, to Jingzhou, China). Its simplicity and practicality have been recognized by both parties, and there were no technically related complications recorded. The MIMIT system allows for real-time, long-distance telecollaborative neuroendoscopic procedures and surgical training through a commercially available and inexpensive system. It enables remote experts to implement real-time, long-distance intraoperative interaction to guide inexperienced local surgeons, thus integrating the best medical resources and possibly promoting both diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it can popularize and improve neurosurgical endoscopy technology in more hospitals to benefit more patients, as well as more neurosurgeons.

Planning Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) Based on The Covid-19 Pandemic Guidance at So Good Food Dairy Company

Companies need an Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) culture based on a new life guidance during the Covid-19 pandemic. The application of OSH at So Good Food Dairy Company is moderate, though there are no control measures to minimize this risk. This study further aimed to analyze the application of OSH in the workplace and determine the implementation of the OSH Management System (OSHMS). Furthermore, it focused on identifying the probability of accidents at each workstation and proposed risk mitigation plans and anticipatory steps. Questionnaires were then administered to collect primary data from 62 respondents at the So Good Food Dairy Company’s processing, filling, packing, and storage workstations. Similarly, secondary data were obtained from documented information about the company’s OSH. All the respondents provided valid answers with a Cronbach alpha value of 0.9671, considered very reliable. Moreover, the questionnaire responses showed that So Good Food Dairy Company was rated highly by workers. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used to identify the factors causing work accidents and Risk Priority Number (RPN), while recommendations for improvement were made based on the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment &amp; Risk Control (HIRARC) principles. A total of 12 probability accidents were observed in processing, four in filling and packing, and six in storage. Therefore, this study proposes an OSH design that includes an OSHMS planning based on clauses ISO 45001:2018 and ISO/PAS 45005:2020. Additionally, seven OSH programs and a risk mitigation road map using the Pareto Chart principle to set priorities were recommended.

МОДЕЛІ ІЄРАРХІЧНОЇ БАГАТОАГЕНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ ВИКОНАННЯ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ

Purpose. Developing a set of models which formally describe the operation environment of the organizational and technical system and the interaction of software agents of different roles in performing business operations. The pres-ence of such a set of models allows you to create information technology for monitoring and routing business processes and reduce costs for business operations. Methodology. The research methods are based on systems analysis methods. Findings. A set of models of hierarchical multi-agent system for business processes has been developed. The complex comprises a static description of the operation environment of the organizational and technical system, where there are models of business process, business operation and its components. Originality. Organization of total monitoring of the operation environment of the organizational and technical system, i.e. the current state of the processes of processing applications, queues and workstations requires the development of static and dynamic business process models. Based on the static description, a model of the dynamics of business processes promoting throughout many workstations has been developed. This makes possible to monitor the status of workstations, queues and applications for business opera-tions. In particular, a formal description of the software agent, its competencies and a model of interaction of three-level agents which perform the functions of business operation executors, monitors and dispatchers has been developed. Having such tools, the second important aspect is the development of a universal hierarchical structure of the multi-agent system, in which different agents perform the roles of performers, monitors and dispatchers. Such a structure should include the regulation of the agent functions, models of agents interaction at all three levels, ways of agents-people communication. Practical value. Tests of the monitoring and scheduling system in different conditions (electronic document management, manufacturing company, human resources management department) showed a decrease in time of business operations, losses on waiting and increase in rhythm of business processes. The results of the work has enabled the development of a queue management strategy, which has showed a reduction in time of operations and a more balanced workload.

Virtual surgical analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

ObjectiveEndoscopic microvascular decompression (eMVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) clearly demonstrates the root entry zone (REZ) of the facial nerve with minimal invasiveness. The aim of this study was to identify the trajectory of the angled view under eMVD for HFS and to better understand the relevant anatomical landmarks using a virtual straight microscopic view on three-dimensional (3D) fusion images. MethodsEach 3D fusion image including arteries, veins, brainstem, cranial nerves, and skull was created using an image processing workstation. A trajectory of view under a 30° angled endoscope was defined as the angled view trajectory (AVT). To investigate the anatomy along the AVT, 3D fusion images were manually made consistent with the 30° endoscopic view, and a straight microscopic approach to obtain the same view as the endoscopic surgery was analyzed on 3D fusion images. ResultsThe 30° endoscopic view during eMVD visualized the lateral side of the pons, pontomedullary junction, REZ of the facial nerve, and offending arteries. The 30° endoscopic view correlated with 3D fusion images from the straight microscopic view obtained by the posterior petrosal approach after mastoidectomy with incision of the transition between the sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb. ConclusionsThis 3D fusion image analysis revealed the AVT of eMVD for HFS. The present results explain how the angled endoscope can effectively visualize the REZ of the facial nerve without needing extensive skull base resection.

Visualizing Ocular Morphogenesis by Lightsheet Microscopy Using rx3:GFP Transgenic Zebrafish.

Vertebrate eye development is a complex process that begins near the end of embryo gastrulation and requires the precise coordination of cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Time-lapse imagining offers unique insight to the behavior of cells during eye development because it allows us to visualize oculogenesis in vivo. Zebrafish are an excellent model to visualize this process due to their highly conserved vertebrate eye and their ability to develop rapidly and externally while remaining optically transparent. Time-lapse imaging studies of zebrafish eye development are greatly facilitated by use of the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(rx3:GFP). In the developing forebrain, rx3:GFP expression marks the cells of the single eye field, and GFP continues to be expressed as the eye field evaginates to form an optic vesicle, which then invaginates to form an optic cup. High resolution time lapse imaging of rx3:GFP expression, therefore, allows us to track the eye primordium through time as it develops into the retina. Lightsheet microscopy is an ideal method to image ocular morphogenesis over time due to its ability to penetrate thicker samples for fluorescent imaging, minimize photobleaching and phototoxicity, and image at a high speed. Here, aprotocol isprovidedfor time-lapse imaging of ocular morphogenesis using a commercially available lightsheet microscope and an image processing workstation to analyze the resulting data. This protocol details the procedures for embryo anesthesia, embedding in low melting temperature agarose, suspension in the imaging chamber, setting up the imaging parameters, and finally analyzing the imaging data using image analysis software. The resulting dataset can provide valuable insights into the process of ocular morphogenesis, as well as perturbations to this process as a result of genetic mutation, exposure to pharmacological agents, or other experimental manipulations.

Development of a real-time spectral imaging system using in-site micro-LED-based illumination and high-speed micro-camera for endoscopic applications.

We designed a compact, real-time LED-based endoscopic imaging system for the detection of various diseases including cancer. In gastrointestinal applications, conventional endoscopy cannot reliably differentiate tumor from normal tissue. Current hyperspectral imaging systems are too slow to be used for real-time endoscopic applications. We are investigating real-time spectral imaging for different tissue types. Our objective is to develop a catheter for real-time hyperspectral gastrointestinal endoscopy. The endoscope uses multiple wavelengths within UV, visible, and IR light spectra generated by a micro-LED array. We capture images with a monochrome micro camera, which is cost-effective and smaller than the current hyperspectral imagers. A wireless transceiver sends the captured images to a workstation for further processing, such as tumor detection. The spatial resolution of the system is defined by camera resolution and the distance to the object, while the number of LEDs in the multi-wavelength light source determines the spectral resolution. To investigate the properties and the limitations of our high-speed spectral imaging approach, we designed a prototype system. We conducted two experiments to measure the optimal forward voltages and lighting duration of the LEDs. These factors affect the maximum feasible imaging rate and resolution. The lighting duration of each LED can be shorter than 10 ms while producing an image with a high signal-to-noise ratio and no illumination interference. These results support the idea of using a high-speed camera and an LED-array for real-time hyperspectral endoscopic imaging.

О СОЗДАНИИ «NOANOA» И «PRES» – ДВУХ ПЬЕС ДЛЯ СОЛИРУЮЩИХ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ И РАБОЧЕЙ СТАНЦИИ ОБРАБОТКИ СИГНАЛОВ (IRCAM) (Ксавье Шабо, Кайя Саариахо, Жан-Батист Баррьер)

This article is a translation of a musicological work written by the Finnish composer Kaia Saariaho with sound engineers Xavier Chabot and Jean-Baptiste Barrière from the Ircam. The study describes two solo pieces – «NoaNoa» and «Près» – one for flute, the other for cello, realized during 1992 by Kaija Saariaho with the Ircam Signal Processing Workstation (ISPW, based on the Next computer) and with Xavier Chabot from the Ircam Pedagogy department. These works are created in the pedagogical perspective to explore the potentialities of Max on the ISPW, and specially its connexion with Patchwork used to prepare data and patches. In the two pieces, the electronic parts amplify and develop the sonic structure of the solo instrument, exemplify the close relationship between sound material and musical structure, and explore real-time strategies for control over various synthesis and signal processing algorithms.

Comparison Study of the Application of Line Balancing and the Theory of Constraint

Bottleneck is one of the most important problems in the work station process. The problem that will be studied in bottleneck theory is minimizing bottlenecks at work stations that experience bottleneck constraints. Line Balancing is one of the main keys to solve the problem with an optimal solution. If not carried out the balance of the track it can lead to inefficiency of work in several work stations where between work stations with other work stations have unbalanced workloads. However, it may also be time-consuming, so we need a theory of constraint method to minimize costs so that the results are more optimal for the company. The purpose of this paper is to compare research using other methods in minimizing bottlenecks, optimal efficiency at each work station, and minimizing relevant costs.

Van kedilerinde skeleton manus’un bilgisayarlı tomografi ile üç boyutlu olarak incelenmesi

Bu çalışma, Van kedilerinde skeleton manus (ossa carpi, ossa metacarpalia I-V ve ossa digitorum manus)’un bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ile üç boyutlu (3B) rekonstrüksiyonunu yapmak, osteometrik ölçümlerini belirlemek ve bu ölçüm değerlerinin erkek ve dişi kediler arasındaki biyometrik farklılıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmada 16 adet (8 dişi, 8 erkek) yetişkin Van kedisi kullanıldı. Xylazin-ketamin kombinasyonu ile anesteziye alınan kedilerin BT ile taranarak görüntüleri elde edildi. Daha sonra bu axial imajlar DICOM formatında işlenmek üzere iş istasyonuna aktarıldı ve 3B modelleme programı olan Syngo CT kullanılarak rekonstrüksiyon işlemi yapıldı. Üç boyutlu hale getirilen rekonstrüksiyon görüntülerindeki kemikler anatomik özellikleri bakımından incelendi. Bu görüntülerden volümetrik ve morfometrik ölçüm değerleri elde edilerek, istatistiki olarak analizi yapıldı. Morfometrik analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında, ossa carpi, ossa metacarpalia I-V ve ossa digitorum manus’un ölçüm değerleri bakımından erkek ve dişi Van kedilerinde istatistiksel farklılıklar olduğu görüldü (P<0.05). Ossa carpi, ossa metacarpalia I-V ve ossa digitorum manus’un volümetrik ölçüm değerlerinin ise erkek kedilerde dişi kedilere göre istatistiki olarak önemli seviyede daha fazla olduğu gözlendi (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, Van kedilerinde skeleton manus volümetrik, morfometrik ve morfolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Bu kemiklerin osteometrik ölçüm değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak cinsiyetler arasındaki biyometrik farklılıkları belirlendi.

Flexible Manufacturing System and its feasibility in context of Manufacturing Industries

Highly automated machine cell which is based on the principle of Group technology, comprising a group of processing work station for the production is referred to as Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS), where different processes like material handling, storage system, operation, inspection, etc., are interconnected by the automatic control unit. The concept of FMS (system 24) was first introduced in the mid-1960s to form a system that can operate 16 hours a day without any human attendant. The reason behind selecting this area for research is that there are problems like more lead time, inefficient utilization of machines, more space requirement in a machine shop, and high inventory level in the current manufacturing industry. All these problems can be solved by introducing automation in a manufacturing system, which can be done through FMS. FMS provides better resource utilization, high-quality control, low-cost product, a high rate of production, reduced direct labor requirement, and high labor productivity. Operational issues related to FMS faced by industries are machine loading, scheduling and dispatching, part routing, tool management, and part grouping so there is much scope of future development of FMS if all these issues are resolved.