Personalizing In-Vehicle warnings: A causal machine learning approach to optimizing workload and risk perception.

Objectives. Firefighters are at high risk of shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) due to repetitive overhead work and heavy load carrying. Although surgery is common, progressive resistance training may provide a non-invasive alternative. Methods. This randomized controlled trial included 60 male firefighters with SIS, assigned to either resistance training plus standard care (n = 30) or standard care alone (n = 30). Over 8 weeks of supervised progressive resistance training, isometric internal and external rotation strength was measured with a handheld dynamometer, and active range of motion (ROM) for flexion, abduction and rotation was measured using goniometers. Analysis of covariance, adjusted for baseline values, assessed between-group differences, with effect sizes expressed as partial η 2 (η p 2). Results. The intervention group achieved significantly greater improvements in external rotation strength (0.24 vs 0.17 Nm/kg) and flexion rotation ROM (175.3° vs 154.2°) compared to controls. All outcomes demonstrated large effect sizes, including internal rotation strength (η p 2 = 0.442), abduction ROM (η p 2 = 0.387), external ROM (η p 2 = 0.490) and internal rotation ROM (η p 2 = 0.518). Conclusion. An 8-week supervised progressive resistance training program significantly improved shoulder strength and active ROM in firefighters with SIS. These findings support resistance training as an effective non-invasive therapeutic and preventive intervention for high-risk occupational groups. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20240413050947N2..

To validate a treadmill talk test (TT) protocol based on the 6-minute walk test predicted average speed (6MWS) to evaluate exercise intensity in adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD). A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed on the first day. Two TT were performed on different days. The initial workload (WL) of the proposed TT protocol (treadmill TT protocol based on 6MWS [TT-T6M]) was set at a 2% incline and 70% of the 6MWS. Speed or grade was increased at each subsequent 2-minute stage. Participants recited a paragraph during the final 30 seconds of each stage and were asked if they could speak comfortably. They could respond "yes" (TT+), "uncertain" (TT±), or "no" (TT-). To determine validity, heart rate and WL were collected at ventilatory thresholds (VT) and TT stages, and then correlated using the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient. Test-retest, intrarater, and interrater reliability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), with TT stages and total time as variables. Twenty-five patients with CVD (15 men, 60 ± 8 years) were included. Test reliability was excellent (ICC2,1 = .86), with no difference in test-retest duration. The heart rate and WL values were similar between VT1 and the last TT+ stage and between VT2 and the TT- stage. Intrarater and interrater agreements for the speech comfort assessment were also excellent (ICC2,1 > .90). The treadmill TT protocol based on 6MWS is valid, reproducible, and reliable. It can be used to evaluate, prescribe, and monitor the exercise intensity zone, which occurs between the last TT+ and TT- stages, for individuals with CVD.

Work satisfaction as a component of social sustainability on dairy farms with cow-calf contact or early separation in Austria.

Recent data from the 2024 Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (Ahpra) Occupational Therapy workforce survey indicated that the primary reason occupational therapists were considering leaving the profession was mental burnout. The second most commonly reported reason was a lack of professional satisfaction and feeling as though work was no longer fulfilling (Ahpra, 2024). The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise prevalence and incidence data of burnout among occupational therapists practising in Australia. This systematic review was registered via PROSPERO and conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual for evidence synthesis. Six databases (CINAHL, Medline, Embase, Scopus, PsychINFO, and ERIC) were systematically searched from 1970 to present. Quality appraisal of the included studies was completed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. As this was a systematic review of previously published literature, no consumer or community involvement was required. Only seven studies using two burnout measures, published between 1983 and 2025, met the inclusion criteria. Moderate burnout was reported in mean results across burnout measure subsets. The highest scoring sub-category was exhaustion. Factors contributing to burnout were numerous, with the most common being high work and client loads, younger age, and working in roles not specific to occupational therapy. Moderate levels of burnout have been identified in Australian occupational therapists over the last five decades. Further research, such as longitudinal and larger scale studies, is required to gain a deeper understanding of burnout to assist in the development of protective strategies to prevent burnout and increase the career span of occupational therapists practising in Australia.

The effective maintenance of data related to the faculty is an essential requirement for modern academic institutions in relation to administrative activities, accreditation process, and performance evaluation. Existing approaches used for maintenance of faculty data are usually disintegrated, inaccurate and ineffective. This paper describes the development of the web-based Faculty Profile Management System that offers a central place for keeping, modifying and managing all academic data. The implemented functionality includes creating profiles of the staff, uploading documents and verifying them, role-based checking of the data, and generating of reports automatically. Developed on the technologies of ASP.NET Core and SQL Server, the system is implemented according to the three-tier architecture principle. Implementation results show significant improvement in accuracy and accessibility of data. Data verifications increase accuracy, and reports support managerial decision making. The proposed system greatly decreases administrative work load and makes the process of managing of academic data organized and efficient

The Internet of Things (IoT) innovations have experienced high growth and, therefore, generate a lot of real-time data, which requires processing frameworks with a considerable efficiency and scalability low latency system. Traditional cloud computing has many benefits, but it might not be able to meet the bandwidth and latency requirements of time-dependent Internet of Things devices. To solve these shortcomings, fog computing has come to redefine a related computing paradigm, which pushes computation and storage resources to network endpoints. Fog-cloud architecture, which combines fog with cloud, offers a hybrid capability that improves system scalability, responsiveness, and resource efficiency. Devices running on heterogeneous platforms gain greatly from IoT interaction with the cloud. Applications based on the Internet of Things produce vast amounts of data from various sensors. Decisions are made by analyzing this data. Nevertheless, use cases of IoT environments are dynamic and heterogeneous posing challenging issues in the distribution of work load in such a layered infrastructure. The provided study includes a thorough analysis of fog-cloud system load balancing solutions, including their categorization, performance metrics, and applicability. It also discusses many vital issues, including latency constraints, resource heterogeneity, energy efficiency, and provides future research meets the objectives of intelligent, adaptive, and context-sensitive load balancing in the next-generation IoT systems.

Nurses often face high-intensity emotional load and work pressure in clinical work. This working environment makes nurses prone to compassion fatigue (CF), and resilience plays an important role in alleviating CF. The purpose of this study is to identify the latent profile of nurses' CF and its population characteristics through latent profile analysis (LPA), and to explore the impact of resilience on the latent profile of CF. This study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 453 nurses from six hospitals in Sichuan Province, China were recruited from December 2024 to April 2025. The nurses were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, a resilience scale, and a compassion fatigue scale. The latent profile of nurses' CF was determined by LPA using Mplus 8.3 software. IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0 software was used to explore the factors affecting the latent profile of nurses' CF through chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. There were three latent profiles of nurses' CF, namely Low CF (n = 203, 44.8%), Medium CF (n = 115, 34.2%) and High CF (n = 95, 21%), which indicated that most nurses were in low and medium CF. Resilience, the number of daily nursing patients, and the number of night shifts per week may be influencing factors of the potential profile of nurses' CF (P < 0.05). CF of nurses can be divided into three potential profiles, and each potential profile is affected by different factors. Nursing managers should regularly assess and identify nurses with moderate or high levels of CF, rationally formulate scheduling plans and assign work tasks, and take targeted intervention measures to enhance nurses' resilience, which will help improve their quality of professional life.

Human–robot interaction is becoming a prevalent design choice for workplaces. Robots can provide support in tasks and processes, while humans can provide flexibility in certain aspects. However, as seen in the literature reviews, the implementation of human–robot systems does not consider the effects on operators, which can increase mental demands and raise safety concerns. This work presents the results of an experimental study on human–robot collaboration, targeting the connection between cognitive load and quality of processes, products, and human work. The results show that the temporal demand of collaboration is one of the associated reasons behind cognitive load and stress. The authors use the demand-control model to understand the empirical results and provide design guidelines for engineers and practitioners to improve task and process design for collaborative robot systems. Future research directions are also provided.

Background Hemorrhoidal disease affects around 4% of the global population. It presents a clinically important disease leading to significant work load and associated with significant complications if left untreated including bleeding leading to anemia, hygiene issues, progression to prolapse and impaired quality of life. Over the past decade, surgical management has expanded from conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy to a range of minimally invasive and energy-based techniques. These procedures differ in terms of postoperative pain, recovery, recurrence, complications, and patient satisfaction. The primary aim of this review was to evaluate and compare the short- and long-term outcomes of various surgical treatments for hemorrhoidal disease. It also sought to identify each technique’s strengths and limitations to support individualized, evidence-based treatment planning. Methods A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Literature published between 2010 and 2025 was sourced from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. A comprehensive MeSH-based search strategy was applied, and two reviewers independently performed screening, extraction, and quality assessment .Included studies comprised meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and clinical guidelines. Study selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Results Postoperative outcomes varied according to the extent of tissue disruption. Pain and bleeding were highest after open excisional surgery and progressively lower with energy-based and minimally invasive techniques, with laser procedures showing the best early comfort profile. Complications were most frequent with open excision, unique but occasionally severe with stapled surgery, and lowest with minimally invasive approaches. Recurrence was lowest after excisional techniques, moderate with stapled methods, and higher with laser and arterial-ligation procedures in advanced disease. Recovery was fastest with minimally invasive techniques and slowest after conventional excision. Conclusion No single operative technique is universally optimal. Treatment should be tailored based on hemorrhoid grade, patient comorbidities, preferences, and surgical expertise to achieve the best outcomes.

Exclusive drills are acknowledged as good strategies to build physical and tactical condition in players, since they represent gaming situations and are related to the correlation of the physical exercise with training. If these drills are devised for maximum oxygen consumption (VMA), players will be able to exert themselves at or near their competitive intensity and/or work load, which in turn helps develop specific endurance, speed, strength, agility and quick directional change abilities. The research problem arises from the weakness of such capabilities, that are evident in youth players (mainly slow transition between defense and offense, less precision under fatigue). Therefore, tacks were practiced during seven weeks in a group of six junior players with two sessions per week and tests were performed. The investigator’s results show that the effectiveness of the training exercises is due to combining physical and tactical elements in a game-type training context, which enables some physical capacities and fast transitions on offense in basketball to be trained. According to these results, the study suggests including tactical games pr eg -specific to maximum aerobic power in youth training programs where intensity and variety of training loads should progressively range from moderate too intense for optimal physical an d technical effectiveness.

To test whether ultrasound-triggered pre-landing quadriceps focal vibration acutely improves knee mechanics and coordination during single-leg drop landings under fresh vs combined cognitive-physical fatigue. Twenty-four healthy males (25.4 ± 2.1 years; 175.0 ± 3.1 cm; 73.2 ± 4.9 kg) performed randomized-crossover single-leg forward drop landings. Quadriceps vibration was off or ultrasonically triggered. Landings were tested pre- and post-combined fatigue (15 min dual-task cognitive +90 s burpees). In the pre-fatigued state, vibration increased peak knee flexion angle by 2.67% (P=0.001) and knee flexion range of motion by 1.36% (P = 0.008), reduced knee flexion work by 1.69%(P= 0.024), peak vertical ground reaction forces loading rate by 6.67% (P < 0.001), peak patellar tendon force by 5.92% (P < 0.05), time to stabilization by 3.88% (P = 0.003), and maximal diagonal line length by 2.32% (P = 0.008). Post-fatigue, vibration increased determinism (P = 0.023), Shannon entropy (P = 0.041), and dynamic time warping distance (P = 0.045) without significant kinematic or energetic changes. Pre-landing quadriceps vibration acutely enhances sagittal-plane landing biomechanics, increasing knee flexion, reducing eccentric work and impact loading, and improving adaptive coordination in fresh conditions, with no significant effects under combined fatigue.

One of the bridges on the Serpong-Balaraja Toll Road Section 1a project with the longest span is the Cisadane Bridge, which will use a PCI Girder superstructure with a length of 50.8 meters. A bridge approach road structure using a piling slab is located at Sta 2+500-2+564. The piles on the pile slab are planned with a free standing of 6 meters above ground level, and they are 60 cm in diameter, with 11–12 poles forming each segment. When measurements were taken, the length of the pile slab differed from shop drawings. In order to determine whether the pile slab can still support the working load after a change in length and to allow strengthening if the pile slab installed in the field is weak, it is important to assess the structure's performance. By examining the capacity of the reinforcement on the capping beam and the capacity of the spun pile. The evaluation is carried out using analytic software SAP2000. The results of the study for changes in the length of the pile slab structure show that the structure is still adequate because the capacity of the reinforcement on the capping beam installed in the field, namely D19-150, is still sufficient when compared to the results of the analysis, namely D19-153.38. In addition, the spun pile is still adequate because the moment that occurs is still below the permissible moment in the spun pile, which is less than 17 tons.

The heart critically depends on a continuous supply of oxygen, provided by myocardial blood flow (MBF), but reliable quantification of MBF during maximal exercise is not feasible in humans. We measured MBF at rest and during similar absolute (150W) and relative (70% of ) cycling exercise workloads in seven healthy untrained (UT) and seven healthy endurance-trained (ET) men by positron emission tomography and [15O]H2O-tracer. The maximum MBF was extrapolated using the linear relationship between cardiac work load and MBF. MBF was also measured during intravenous infusion of standard high dose adenosine known to cause maximal vasodilation in the myocardial vasculature. Maximal exercise-induced MBF was calculated to be 5.0±1.5mL/g/min in UT and 4.5±1.7mL/g/min in ET (p=0.6), which was 6.9-fold and 6.5-fold higher from their respective resting values. Adenosine-induced MBF was 3.9±1.4mL/g/min in UT and 2.3±0.9mL/g/min in ET, being significantly lower than maximal exercise-induced MBF in both groups. In addition, MBF was lower in the ET than in the UT group in both conditions. Myocardial vascular resistance responses and conclusions depended on whether the estimated maximal exercise calculations were based on mean arterial or systolic blood pressure estimations. This study thus demonstrates that estimated maximal MBF during exercise exceeds that achieved with adenosine infusion, and its increase from rest in humans may be higher than previously considered. Endurance training appears, however, not to increase peak MBF per gram of myocardium.

To address the stability issues of bridge piers on high expansive soil slopes in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Water Transfer Project and reveal the slope-bridge structure interaction mechanism, this study performed 100 g geotechnical centrifuge model tests. Slope failure modes under rainfall-bridge load coupling are investigated, with bridge pier deformation, earth pressure, and pile bending moment evolution analyzed. Results show that rainfall-induced failure causes shallow slope sliding with negligible pier displacement, keeping the structure safe. Conversely, under bridge working and ultimate loads, the slope will experience a mid-deep landslide with a sliding depth of 13–20 m, leading to slope instability and bridge overturning. The influence range of shallow landslides is 1–2 m, and the earth pressure at the pile cap is 132 kPa, which is a critical factor affecting bridge stability. In contrast, the bearing performance of pile foundations plays a dominant controlling role in deep-seated landslides. With the increase in landslide depth, the inflection point of the pile gradually moves downward. Numerical simulations further indicate that shallow landslides feature superficial slip–shear failure, and deep-seated landslides follow a progressive slip tensile cracking mechanism.

Introduction: Neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), can significantly impair bodily functions due to the immune system mistakenly attacking the body. Assessing cognitive workload in MS patients is crucial for understanding their condition, and one effective approach is the use of an n -back working memory task combined with magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. MEG provides valuable insights into brain activity through its magnetic signals. Methods: This study proposes an automated framework to detect mental workload levels in MS patients using MEG data. The EEGNet model is employed to assess mental workload, with transfer learning techniques used for fine-tuning to enhance model performance. Additionally, traditional machine learning models are evaluated to compare their performance with the deep learning-based approach. Results: Experimental results indicate that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 51.68 ± 11.92% for healthy subjects and 51.77 ± 13.29% for MS patients across various workload levels, significantly outperforming baseline methods. Conclusions: Deep learning-based end-to-end models can effectively assess mental workload in MS patients, achieving competitive performance without requiring explicit feature extraction or dimensionality reduction steps typically used in conventional classification pipelines.

Introduction: With nurses being famous for the jobs with most stress, staff nurses always suffer from high levels of stress due to over-burdened work load, odd shift timings and emotional responsibilities. The well-being of nurses and the quality of patient care are negatively affected by these psychological challenges. Occupational stress may improve with various non-pharmacological methods, such as mindfulness techniques, imagery techniques and progressive muscle relaxation. However, limited research has examined their combined effectiveness, particularly in India.Objective: This study assess the Effectiveness of TIPER (tailor made interventional package to enhance relaxation) on stress among the staff nurses of a selected hospital of Bangalore rural district.Conceptual frame work: The conceptual framework for the present study was based on Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Theory (1981).Methodology: An evaluative research approach was adopted to determine effectiveness of TIPER. A true experimental, one-group, pre-test post-test design was used. 40 staff nurses were selected from a hospital in Bangalore, India by simple random sampling. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-21). The TIPER intervention consisted of guided imagery, Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation, and mindful meditation administered for 30 minutes per day. They collected data before and after intervention, analysis was done using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation for descriptive analyses as well as paired t-test, independent t-test and chi-square test for inferential analyses.Result: There were no differences found between groups in terms of stress [Experimental group: 35.72 (3.83); control group: 35.38 (5)] prior to testing, and therefore statistically significant differences continued post-test as p>0.05 for both individual assessments of stress levels between the two cohorts. In the experimental group, mean stress score declined significantly from 18.03±6.30 to 12.8±5.16 (t=9.10, p<0.001). One-way t-test comparisons notes significantly lower stress scores in post-tests among the experimental group compared to control (12.8±5.16 vs. 20.84±3.23, (t=7.01,p<0?0.001).

This study was carried in Three agricultural universities of India to analyze the job perception of teachers and to understand the association between the selected profile characteristics of teachers with their job perception. A total of 180 teachers from University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (90 Nos) and University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad (90 Nos) formed the sample of the research study. The results revealed that a majority of UAS (B) teachers (70.00 %) and UAS (D) teachers (68.89 %) were belonging to medium to high level of job perception categories. More number of Professors (40.01%) and Associate Professors (40.00%) were belonging to high level of job perception, while an equal number of Assistant Professors were belonging to low (33.33%), medium (33.33%) and high (33.34%) level of job perception. There was significant difference in the mean job perception score between Professor and Assistant Professor at 5% level. Education, mass media participation, training undergone, achievement motivation, aspiration, competition orientation, scientific orientation, attitude towards organization and awards/recognition received had significant association with the job perception of teachers at 5% level. Whereas, job experience, perceived work load and organizational climate of the teachers had significant association at 1% level with their job perception.

BackgroundMalaria is a significant public health concern, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Severe malaria is a major cause of mortality among children under five, contributing to Uganda’s high malaria mortality burden. Effective case management of severe malaria is crucial which should be guided by the Uganda clinical guidelines adopted from the World Health Organization. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to healthcare providers’ adherence to severe malaria treatment guidelines in children at Mbale Regional Referral hospital, Uganda.Materials and methodsA qualitative descriptive approach was carried out at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital, eastern Uganda. A total of 21 healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, pharmacists; Laboratory technicians; Blood Bank health workers; and clinical officers) were purposively recruited during the study period. Data was collected through key informant interviews, audio recorded, and analyzed using thematic analysis using Braun and Clark’s approach. Adherence to the Lincoln and Gubba principles of credibility, conformability, transferability, and dependability was ensured. Data was presented in tables and narratives. Avis Donabedian model was employed to explore the facilitators and barriers to adherence to the severe malaria management guideline.ResultsThe study identified key facilitators under three themes: Structure (availability of resources, drugs, and training); Process (optimal working conditions, manageable workloads, and use of monitoring tools like yellow stickers); and Patient-related factors (caretaker cooperation, effective communication, and trust-building). Barriers included structure resource constraints, staffing and work load issues; process, delayed referrals, delays in the lab, limited working hours in the lab and pharmacy, low CMEs attendance among nurses; patient related factors like patient financial limitations and poor patient cooperation.ConclusionThis study identified facilitators and barriers to adherence to severe malaria management guidelines in children under five. The barriers and facilitators emerged in terms of structural, processes, patient characteristics and outcome. Addressing resource shortages and improving staffing and workload conditions are crucial for better adherence. Enhancing patient education and strengthening health system infrastructure are also essential for ensuring timely and effective care.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-026-05834-y.

Vehicle loading and unloading operations are critical activities that directly affect ship departure schedules. This study aims to analyze the factors causing delays in vehicle loading operations and the mitigation efforts implemented on KM Dharma Rucitra VIII. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through field observations, interviews, documentation studies, and fishbone diagram analysis. The results indicate that vehicle loading delays are influenced by four main factors. The material factor is related to the presence of Over Dimension Over Load vehicles. The method factor arises from the absence of standardized procedures for checking vehicle dimensions and load limits. The environment factor includes tidal conditions and sea waves that affect ship stability during loading operations. The machine factor is associated with rampdoor loads exceeding the Safe Working Load of 45 tons. These factors are interrelated and disrupt the continuity of the vehicle loading process. Based on the fishbone analysis, several mitigation efforts are proposed, including monitoring weather forecasts and tidal conditions through the Maritime Meteorological Station, utilizing Indonesian tidal reference data, arranging vehicle loading based on priority, restricting over dimension over load vehicles, and implementing standardized checks of vehicle dimensions and loads prior to loading. The application of these measures is expected to improve safety, orderliness, and efficiency in vehicle loading operations, thereby minimizing delays in ship departures.