Working Environment For Staff Research Articles

BC Cancer Radiation Therapists' perspective on the impact of COVID-19 precautions in clinical practice

IntroductionThere were many policy and procedure (P&P) changes implemented in health care facilities to combat the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Common changes included an increase in personal protective equipment usage, room occupancy limits, limitations in visitors/family members and the absence of volunteers. This study evaluated the current views and opinions of Radiation Therapists (RTs) in British Columbia relating to how COVID-19 P&P changes have impacted their clinical practice. The goal was to identify gaps in the areas of RT practice, allow for self-reflection among RTs and potentially guide future P&Ps with patient-centred care at the forefront. MethodsA 24-item cross-sectional questionnaire was created and sent via e-mail to all RTs working across the province. Key sections explored in the questionnaire were: 1) patient care delivery, 2) staff-work environment, and 3) work satisfaction. Descriptive analysis was performed on the questionnaire responses. ResultsOf the approximate 300 invited participants, 107 responses were received from all areas of Radiation Therapy (Treatment units, CT simulation, Dosimetry, etc.) and from all cancer centres in the province. RT staff indicated that COVID-19 P&P negatively impacted patient care, including the ability to verbally and non-verbally communicate with patients (82 %), assess for side effects (85 %), and build rapport (62 %). A majority (79 %) of RT staff felt that communication with co-workers had been negatively impacted as well. When queried regarding the impact on staff environment, 51 % of RT staff agreed that the absence of volunteers increased their workload and the responses were polarized (46 % disagree, 35 % agree) when asked if RT staff have enough time for cleaning their clinical areas with new COVID-19 P&Ps in place. 78 % of RTs were aware of where to go with COVID-19 safety concerns and thought they received adequate education concerning COVID P&Ps. When asked to rank the factors that most impacted RT practice, RTs identified increased PPE usage (83 %), absence of volunteers (74 %), and room occupancy limits (70 %) as the leading P&P changes that negatively impacted their practice; while plexiglass barriers (39 %), re-arranged workspaces (37 %) and working remotely (12 %) were the least negatively impactful. ConclusionThe majority of RTs across BC Cancer responding to the questionnaire indicated that their ability to provide patient care and their staff-work environment were negatively impacted by implemented COVID-19 P&Ps. Views regarding COVID-19 P&P training/education was positive, yet there was no consensus regarding whether the changes were implemented smoothly. This study can facilitate reflection among both clinical leadership and RTs on how P&Ps can be implemented in the future and can encourage further retrospective analyses in aiding the development of P&Ps regarding future public health outbreaks.

Analysis of Reward, Work Environment, Motivation and Performance of Administrative Staff

Analysis of Reward, Work Environment, Motivation and Performance of Administrative Staff

Chinese hospital staff in anxiety and depression: Not only comfort patients but also should be comforted - A nationwide cross-sectional study

BackgroundHealthcare professionals are in short supply worldwide, especially in China, which can result in increased stress in the work environment and allostatic load for Chinese hospital staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their relationship with total stress, allostatic overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory among Chinese hospital staff. MethodIn this cross-sectional study, self-assessments including Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), PsychoSocial Index (PSI), Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index (PSQI), and MemTrax test were used to evaluate participants' anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, total stress, allostatic load/overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory. ResultsA total of 9433 hospital staff from 304 cities participated. Anxiety prevalence was 21.0 % (95 % confidential interval (CI) 20.2 %, 21.8 %), while the prevalence of depressive symptoms was at 21.4 % (95 % CI 20.5 %, 22.2 %). 79.8 % (95 % CI 79.0 %, 80.6 %) of the hospital staff had allostatic overload. Poor sleep quality affected 50.4 % of participants, and 32.1 % experienced poor episodic memory. LimitationsThis study utilized a convenience sampling approach, relying on an online survey as its data collection method. ConclusionsHospital staff in China are facing a stressful environment with a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, significant allostatic overload, poor sleep quality, and compromised episodic memory. It is imperative that local management and community structures enhance their support and care for these essential workers, enabling them to manage and withstand the stresses of their professional roles effectively.

Effect of Noise in the Emergency Department on Occupational Burnout and Resignation Intention of Medical Staff.

This study aims to explore the effect of noise in the emergency department on the occupational burnout and the resignation intentions of medical staff. This retrospective study selected 42 medical staff (group A) in the emergency department of our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 and 39 medical staff (group B) in the rehabilitation department during the same period as research subjects. Noise levels in the daily working environment of medical staff were collected. The Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey and Intent to Leave Scale was used to evaluate occupational burnout and resignation intention. A multivariate linear regression analysis was adopted to explore the effects of noise exposure level in the emergency department on occupational burnout and resignation intention. The scores of emotional fatigue, work apathy and sense of achievement in group A were higher than those in group B (P < 0.05), among which reverse scoring was adopted for sense of accomplishment. Group A had significantly higher scores of resignation intention I, resignation intention II and resignation intention III than group B (P < 0.001). The department of group A had significantly higher noise level than that of group B (P < 0.001). The Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that noise level in the emergency department was correlated with the occupational burnout and resignation intention of medical staff (all P < 0.05). The emergency department is exposed to a high noise level, which is correlated with the occupational burnout and resignation intentions of medical staff. Therefore, hospitals should give importance to noise exposure in the emergency departments and adopt positive coping strategies to reduce the effect of noise on medical staff and the resignation rate.

Mixed method evaluation of a learning from excellence programme for community health workers in Neno, Malawi

BackgroundCommunity Health Workers (CHWs) play an essential role in linking communities to facility-based healthcare. However, CHW programmes have often been hampered by low levels of staff motivation, and new tools aimed at improving staff motivation and work environment are needed. One such intervention is the “Learning from Excellence” (LfE) programme. We aimed to assess feasibility, outputs, and impact of a co-designed LfE programme on CHW motivation, in Neno District.MethodsWe conducted a convergent mixed-method evaluation of the LfE programme. Co-design of the programme and forms took place between October 2019 and January 2020. LfE forms submitted between September and November 2020 were analysed using descriptive statistics and memos summarising answers to the open-ended question. To investigate experiences with LfE we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, CHWs, and site supervisors, which were analysed thematically. A pre-post intervention questionnaire was developed to assess the impact of the co-designed LfE intervention on CHW motivation and perceived supervision. Outcomes were triangulated into a logic model.ResultsIn total 555 LfE forms were submitted, with 34.4% of CHWs in Neno District submitting at least one LfE report. Four themes were identified in the interviews: LfE implementation processes, experience, consequences, and recommendations. A total of 50 CHWs participated in the questionnaire in January 2020 and 46 of them completed the questionnaire in December 2020. No statistically significant differences were identified between pre-and post-LfE measurements for both motivation (Site F: p = 0.86; Site G: p = 0.31) and perceived supervision (Site F: p = 0.95; Site G: p = 0.45). A logic model, explaining how the LfE programme could impact CHWs was developed.ConclusionsMany CHWs participated in the LfE intervention between September 2020 and November 2020. LfE was welcomed by CHWs and stakeholders as it allowed them to appreciate excellent work in absence of other opportunities to do so. However, no statistically significant differences in CHW motivation and perceived supervision were identified. While the intervention was feasible in Neno District, we identified several barriers and facilitators for implementation. We developed a logic model to explain contextual factors, and mechanisms that could lead to LfE outcomes for CHWs in Neno District. The developed logic model can be used by those designing and implementing interventions like LfE for health workers.

Principals’ administrative skills in public senior secondary schools: A case of Ilorin Nigeria

Implementation of administrative skills by secondary school principals plays an inevitable role towards the attainment of educational goals and objectives. This study investigated principals' administrative skills implementation in public senior secondary schools in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State on the indicators of principals’ financial and physical facilities maintenance and interpersonal relationship skills. The study adopted a descriptive survey. One hundred teachers were randomly selected from public senior secondary schools in Ilorin Metropolis as a sample. The researcher instrument titled Assessment of Principals’ Administrative Skills Questionnaire (APASQ) was used for data collection. Two research questions were raised and answered to guide the conduct of the study. Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions raised. Findings showed that 28.8% constituted the majority of the respondents who agreed that principals had financial skills in Ilorin Metropolis. Results indicated that 45.6% constituted the majority of the respondents who strongly agreed that principals had physical facilities maintenance skills. It was shown that 42% constituted the majority of the respondents who strongly agreed that their principals had interpersonal relationship skills. Findings revealed that 68% constituted the majority who agreed that the level of principals’ administrative skills in public senior secondary schools in Ilorin Metropolis was high. It was recommended among others that principals endeavour to keep a high level of professional spirit and good moral standards in the schools to adopt their administrative skills to sustain a good working environment for teachers and other staff in their schools.

Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kerja Sama Pegawai Pada Kantor Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Wajo

The success of an organization is based on the ability of its members to work together, determined by a good work environment. The work environment emphasizes the pleasant feeling of the organizational atmosphere, not only from the physical condition but also from all internal aspects of the organization. Thus, the work environment that develops in an organization will be pleasant or unpleasant for the employees concerned. This research is census research, namely research whose data sources are all members of the population, with the main data collection technique being a questionnaire. Using a quantitative approach with descriptive and associative study methods. The descriptive method is a method for finding out the value of an independent variable to be connected or compared with other variables, the associative method is a method intended to connect a variable with other variables. The results of research data analysis on the Work Environment and Collaboration prove that the Work Environment at the Central Statistics Agency Office is in the good category. Likewise, the Cooperation variable is in the Very Good category. The influence that the Work Environment variable has on Collaboration is in the very strong category and the direction of the relationship is positive and the data is significant. The conclusions that can be obtained from this research are as follows. The work environment for staff at the Wajo Regency National Staristic Agency Office is in the good category. Cooperation between employees of the Wajo Regency National Staristic Agency Office is in the Very Good category. The results of data analysis show that the influence provided is a strong influence with a positive and significant relationship direction.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Emotional burden in social professions and its implications – presentation of own research results against a literature review

The article presents an overview of emotional burdens that are typical of social professions, along with their causes, protective factors, and health implications. Particular attention is given to the demands associated with social interactions occurring between those helping and those asking for help, which are expressed by interpersonal communication. The subject matter is discussed using examples from the work environment of health care workers and staff at emergency call centres. The results of own research are compared with the findings of other current studies. The introduction presents information on the sources of emotional burden experienced by health care employees, taking into account the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The requirements associated with interpersonal communication are discussed using the concept of emotional labour. In the following part, the adverse consequences of emotional labour ‒ such as occupational burnout syndrome and health problems ‒ are discussed. They are illustrated with the results of our own study. The problems identified fall within two main domains. First, relationships linking emotional labour to the levels of empathy, work engagement, and professional burnout are examined. The second issue encompasses the predictors of job burnout including the demands of the work environment, marital status, and childcare burden, as well as personal resources in the form of the levels of perceived stress, generalised self-efficacy, and active hobbies. Negative changes pertaining to the levels of helplessness, burnout, and overweight and obesity relating to work during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic are also presented. The final part includes a summary and conclusions.

PERCEIVED WORK ENVIRONMENT AND OUTCOMES AMONG CARE STAFF IN LONG-TERM CARE SETTINGS DURING COVID-19

Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has severely affected residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities. However, how care staff in LTC facilities perceive their work environment during the pandemic and its potential impact on their work outcome are less understood. This study examined the associations between perceived work environment, staffing levels, and educational status of care staff and their general and COVID-19 specific work outcomes during the pandemic in LTC facilities. The study employed a cross-sectional, observational, correlational design. A total of 207 care staff were conveniently recruited from 30 LTC facilities in South Korea. The perceived work environment, staffing levels, educational status of care staff, and their work outcomes were collected using questionnaires. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were conducted, controlling for the characteristics of care staff and facilities included. Approximately 45% of the participants were either nurse aids or care workers, and 38% were registered nurses. Nearly half reported that their work environment was poor. Care staff who perceived their work environment to be poor were more likely to be dissatisfied with their work (odds ratio [OR] 15.40), experience high burnout (OR6.93), intend to leave the facility within a year (OR7.83), and experience increased overtime work due to COVID-19 (OR4.03). They were also less likely to perceive an immediate response to COVID-19 from their facility (OR0.45). The LTC work environment should be improved from its current state and government-led initiatives for infection control should be implemented to enable a better response to future public health crises in LTC settings.

Design of Health Healing Lighting in a Medical Center Based on Intelligent Lighting Control System

The intelligent lighting control system will unify the management of lighting equipment in outpatient buildings, inpatient buildings, and other buildings of the hospital, thereby improving the service quality of the hospital, providing a comfortable and relaxed working environment for medical staff, and providing a warm and comfortable treatment environment for patients. This project aims to develop a health rehabilitation environment lighting automation control system based on combining Zigbee Wide Ad Hoc Network and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. It can be customized according to the comfort needs of patients and can achieve lighting adjustments before the patient arrives. A PSO-based intelligent lighting control method has been proposed. To overcome the shortcomings of PSO such as being prone to local minima and premature convergence, a new PSO optimization method is proposed based on the inertia weight PSO and combined with genetic optimization theory. This method can not only learn experience from individuals in the group but also avoid the possibility of parent particles falling into local extremum. Compared with the original particle swarm optimization algorithm, the new particle swarm optimization algorithm can quickly find the optimal combination of lighting devices, improve computational efficiency by 6.208%, and also reduce the energy consumption of the calculated lighting devices, indicating the advantages of the new particle swarm optimization algorithm.

Beyond the Binary: Moving the Radiology Workforce Toward Gender Inclusion, From the AJR Special Series on DEI.

Gender representation in radiology has traditionally been evaluated and reported through binary models, accompanied by advocacy efforts focused on increasing the number of women in radiology. A paucity of data exists to understand the entire gender composition of the radiology workforce, including representation of people who are transgender and gender diverse. Further, little information exists on how to provide a supportive work environment for radiologists and support staff who identify as belonging to an underrepresented gender minority group. Intentional efforts to comprehensively understand the gender representation of the radiology workforce can help to establish a diverse workforce that is more representative of the patient populations that we serve, while promoting high-quality inclusive health care. Moving beyond gender binary thought and practices can help foster a culture of inclusion and belonging in radiology. This article provides practical steps that radiology practices can take to understand and support gender diversity beyond the binary in the radiology workforce, including providing definitions and inclusive language, understanding limitations of historical methods of gender data collection in radiology and relevant published literature, establishing best practices for future data collection, and developing a strategic vision with action items to create a more inclusive work environment.

Contemporary portrait of the working lives of ambulance services staff in Wales

Background: Ambulance services staff are under more pressure than ever. Inadequate numbers face unmanageable workloads. For the first time in more than three decades, these employees in England and Wales have taken industrial action over wages and working conditions. Aims: This study aimed to understand the wellbeing and working environment of ambulance services staff in Wales. Methods: An online survey of 594 ambulance services staff was carried out. Data were analysed using standard quantitative and qualitative research methods. Findings: Key factors impacting wellbeing include work intensification, burnout and a lack of trust in management, which were increasing intentions to leave the profession. Conclusion: Ambulance services in Wales are reaching a critical tipping point. If the issues raised in this study are not addressed, the outcome will most likely be an accelerating departure from the profession of highly skilled people who are expensive and difficult to replace.

The airflow distribution and aerosol diffusion rules in the negative pressure isolation ward

Negative pressure wards are significant in preventing the spread of infectious pathogens which play a crucial role in fighting against COVID-19. Owing to the negative pressure, contaminated air with pathogens is not able to flow from the wards to non-contaminated zones while fresh filtered air will be transported to the ward via the ventilation system. As airflow controlled by ventilation systems affects the motion of pathogens, for example, infectious aerosol particles, the ability of a negative pressure ward to reduce the risk of infection highly relies on an effective ventilation system. In this investigation, impacts of airflow patterns under various human postures and ventilation processes aerosols diffusion are analyzed via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. According to the results, among three airflow patterns, the highest contaminant removal efficiency is 57% at 200 s with the top supply and bottom return mode; besides, in three postures, in the case that the patient is in a standing position, the contaminant removal efficiency is the highest. Furthermore, it is found that the best airflow scheme is a slit tuyere in the ward, with a top supply and side return mode and a sitting position for the patient. This study may provide a reference for the design of airflow in negative pressure isolation wards, control of contaminants, and prevention of viral infections, so as to ensure a good working and recovery environment for medical staff and patients.

Psychosocial work environment stressors for school staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: Barriers and facilitators for supporting wellbeing.

After periods of remote and/or hybrid learning as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic, the return to in-person learning has been beneficial for both students and teachers, but it has not been without challenges. This study was designed to assess the impact of the return to in-person learning on the school experience, and efforts made to ease the transition in furthering a positive in-person learning environment. We conducted a series of listening sessions with 4 stakeholder groups: students (n = 39), parents (n = 28), teachers/school staff (n = 41), and a combination of listening sessions and semi-structured interviews with building level and district administrators (n = 12), focusing on in-school experiences during the 2021-2022 school year amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A primarily deductive qualitative analysis approach was employed to code the data followed by a primarily inductive thematic analysis, followed by thematic aggregation, thus providing depth and identification of nuances in the data. Three main themes emerged around school staff experiences: (1) increased levels of stress and anxiety manifested in key ways, including students' challenges with personal behavior management contributing to increased aggression and staff shortages; (2) school staff described key contributors to stress and anxiety, including feeling excluded from decision making and challenges with clear and consistent communication; and (3) school staff described key facilitators that supported their management of anxiety and stress, including adaptability, heightened attention and resources to wellbeing, and leveraging interpersonal relationships. School staff and students faced significant stress and anxiety during the 2021-2022 school year. Further exploration and identification of approaches to mitigate key contributors to increased stress and anxiety for school staff, along with increased opportunities for implementing key facilitators that were identified as important in managing and navigating the increased stress and anxiety offer valuable opportunities for helping to create a supportive work environment for school staff in the future.

Clinical effect of standardized nursing for lymphoma patients and the influencing factors of nosocomial infection.

To analyze the clinical effect of standardized nursing for lymphoma patients and the influencing factors of nosocomial infection, a total of 360 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients with disease recurrence or progression after first-line treatment were retrospectively selected from our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022. After standardized nursing, the overall infection rate of lymphoma patients was 2.50% (9/360), which was significantly lower than the overall infection rate of our hospital in 2021 (7.44%, 844/11342) (P < .05). The proportion of 3 kinds of pathogenic bacteria detected were G+ bacteria (33.5%), G- bacteria (53.3%), and fungi (13.2%). The pathogenic bacteria genus with the most G+ bacteria is Enterococcus, the pathogenic bacteria genus with the most G+ bacteria is Enterobacteriaceae, and the pathogenic bacteria with the most fungi is Candida albicans. Female infection rate was significantly higher than male (P < .05). There was no significant difference in nosocomial infection among different marital status/fertility status (P > .05). The nosocomial infection of patients with different hospitalization times was statistically significant (P < .05). The duration of hospitalization in the infected group was significantly higher than that in the non-infected group (P < .05). The clinical effect of standardized nursing for lymphoma patients is significant, and the influencing factors of nosocomial infection include patient gender, hospitalization frequency, and hospitalization duration.

An approach to virtual clinical trial site visits: Lessons from the MeTeOR trial

ObjectiveTo provide a framework for conducting clinical trial site visits virtually over videoconference, and to report on our experience doing so during the twelve-year follow-up of the Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research (MeTeOR) trial. DesignUsing published FDA guidance and prior literature, we created a structure for virtual site visits that prioritized monitoring for protocol compliance, safety, and data integrity. We conducted site visits in three stages: preparation for the visit, the virtual meeting itself, and follow-up. The preparation phase involved a review of relevant site-specific documents and a written report on the findings prior to the visit. The virtual visit itself was focused on any questions the site staff had about the pre-visit report, observing a mock study visit, touring physical spaces, and understanding the site staff's work environment. In the follow-up phase, we wrote a post-visit report summarizing the discussion during the visit and feedback given by the coordinating site. ResultsWe found that the virtual site visits conducted as part of the MeTeOR trial follow-up ran smoothly. Although we could not directly compare in-person and virtual site visits, site staff unanimously appreciated the efficiency and effectiveness of the virtual site visits. We noted that displaying physical workspaces over videoconferencing was difficult, and a notable drawback to this method. ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first published framework for conducting virtual clinical trial site visits. Conducting these visits virtually confer several advantages in terms of time, money, and efficiency.

RISK PREVENTION AND MAINTAINING ACCESS TO EFFECTIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE IN COVID-19 CONDITIONS AT LOZENETZ HOSPITAL SOFIA

During the Covid-19 pandemic, eye care professionals are at serious risk of contracting Sars-Cov-2. The reason for this is the specific examination course, requiring close contact with the patient's face, the presence of Sars-CoV-2 in the conjunctival secretions, the use of multiple instruments and equipment, which requires thorough and effective disinfection. The present paper describes the changes in the daily work of the Department of Ophthalmology at Lozenetz Hospital in Sofia for the period 2020-2022 carried out to provide a safe working environment for both medical staff and patients. The measures concern the reorganization of the offices and adjacent spaces, modification of the protocols for appointments, triage, follow-up, necessary procedures, especially for conditions with long-term control need - e.g., macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, etc. as well as rational management of medical personnel.

Study on Government Managed Gardens in Public Buildings of Kathmandu Valley

An area embellished with ornamental plants near the city area and office can give a pleasurable, picturesque and naturalistic effect which creates a refreshing and conducive working environment for both staff and service seekers. A study was carried out to elucidate the existing situation of the government managed gardens in public buildings located in the Kathmandu valley. The gardens were selected purposively and the study was made based on the number of plant species, composition of plants, styles of gardening, maintenance of garden and appreciation of the garden. The maintenance and the appreciation of gardens were evaluated by the Likert scale (1-4). The abundance of tree was higher followed by herbaceous perennial, herbaceous annual, shrub, cacti and succulent. The garden of Narayanhiti Palace Museum was found to be dominant in tree, shrub and herbaceous perennial while the Garden of Singha Durbar and Supreme Court was found to be dominant in herbaceous annual. The frequency of Thuja orientalis (tree), Bougainvillea spp (shrub), Cuphea hyssopifolia (herbaceous perennial), Calendula officinalis (herbaceous annual) and Petunia hybrida (herbaceous annual) were higher. This study shows that formal gardens (66.66%) dominated informal gardens (33.34%). It was found that the maintenance and the overall appreciation of gardens were fair to good. The gardens need improvements in various aspects to make them artistic and beautiful.

STAFFS’ PSYCHOSOCIAL WORK ENVIRONMENT IN RELATION TO RECIPIENT SATISFACTION IN HOME CARE SERVICES

Abstract In accordance with ‘aging in place’ policy, older persons in Sweden are increasingly encouraged to continue living at home and if necessary be supported by home care service (HCS). Studies have examined whether the work environment of staff has an impact on the experiences and the wellbeing of the older persons in nursing homes, but few have examined such associations in HCS. The setting was 16 HCS work units. Two surveys were sent, one to staff on psychosocial working conditions, one to care recipients on care satisfaction. For each work unit, data on individual recipient satisfaction was matched to average values on psychosocial work conditions. Outcomes analyzed with linear regressions were overall recipient satisfaction, based on one question, and indexes on: assessment of implementation of services, contact with staff, and sense of security. Index on treatment by staff was analyzed with ordered logistic regressions due to skewed distribution. We used cluster correlated standard errors (clustering on work units). Results showed that good working conditions are important for recipient satisfaction, specifically overall recipient satisfaction, treatment by staff, and sense of security. Psychosocial work factors most important were work group climate, overall job strain, sense of mastery, job control, frustrated empathy, balancing competing needs, balancing emotional involvement, and lack of recognition. Having more home help hours was associated to stronger relation between working conditions and recipient satisfaction, especially with overall recipient satisfaction and treatment by staff as outcomes.

Measurement of job satisfaction among healthcare workers during the COVID‑19 pandemic: A cross‑sectional study.

Job satisfaction is one of the most frequently studied subjects for numerous researchers, aiming to investigate the behavior of employees in the workplace. Moreover, it is an important predictor of well-being in the workplace, having a direct association with the productivity of employees and the quality of services provided by each organization. In the field of health, the high level of job satisfaction of healthcare workers translates into a high level of patient care. Therefore, during the period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, efforts to evaluate the level of job satisfaction of healthcare workers represents a cornerstone in the effort to maintain high-level health services. The aim of the present study was to evaluate job satisfaction among healthcare workers in a COVID-19 emergency department during the pandemic and its potential association with the demographic characteristics of the participants. For the present cross-sectional study, which included 89 frontline healthcare workers, the 36-item Job Satisfaction Survey questionnaire was used. The findings concluded that the majority of the participants were not satisfied with their work (120±25.58). Among the nine job satisfaction factors examined, only the co-worker factor received a high job satisfaction score in the entire sample (16.08±4.14). By contrast, the other motivating factors were classified as unsatisfactory, namely pay (10.10±4.63), promotion (11.22±4.38), fringe benefits (10.63±4.09), contingent rewards (11.39±4.13) and communications (14.15±4.21). The control of the association between the socio-demographic data of the participants and the motivating factors of job satisfaction revealed that the age group of 45-55 years and the paramedical staff were more satisfied with the communication factor than the other categories of colleagues. In addition, it appears that the average value of satisfaction with the pay factor was significantly lower in the participating physicians (mean=8.59, P<0.05) compared to the other employee categories. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the measurement and evaluation of job satisfaction in the workplace of a hospital environment is a cornerstone in the efforts to create a healthy and safe work environment for healthcare staff during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ensuring a high level of job satisfaction for healthcare workers will provide a high level of services to health service users.