Work Information Research Articles

How Altruistic is Indirect Reciprocity? - Evidence from Gift-Exchange Games in the Lab

Indirect reciprocity is defined as a specific kind of behavior: An agent rewards or penalizes another agent for having behaved kindly or unkindly toward a third party. This paper analyzes the question of what drives indirect reciprocity: Does the agent reward or penalize because she (altruistically) cares for the third party? Or does she take the other agent's behavior as a signal of how the latter would treat her if they met? In order to measure the relative importance of the altruism motive versus the signaling motive, we consider a gift-exchange game with three players: an employer pays wages to a worker and a coworker, before the worker (but not the coworker) may reciprocate by exerting effort. We offer a theoretical framework to analyze both motives for indirect reciprocity and run a series of lab experiments. The treatments manipulate the worker's information on wages. We find that, if only the coworker's wage is observable, the worker's effort increases in the coworker's wage. In contrast, if the worker can observe her own wage, the coworker's wage does not affect worker effort at all. We interpret this as support for the signaling motive: Indirect reciprocity is rather a byproduct of direct reciprocity than an act of altruism.

Training Module Development for Industrial Employees in TQM

TQM gives the general idea that encourages constant improvement in an association. The TQM theory focuses on an orderly, incorporated, steady, association-wide viewpoint, including everybody and everything. It centers basically around complete fulfillment of both inward and outer clients inside an administration climate that looks for continued improvement, everything being equal, and cycles. TQM is a need. It is an excursion that never closes. It is the best approach to endure and succeed. It is the wholly incorporated exertion for increasing the upper hand by continually improving each feature of an association's exercises. In this Phase – II, the investigation goals are a) to know the adequacy of Training identified with TQM. b) To know representatives' assessment of the Training procedure. c) To analyze representatives' information about TQM among Pre and Post assessment. For the above destinations, the analyst chose 50 representatives arbitrarily. The poll technique is utilized to gather information. The poll is used to quantify the worker's information about TQM in the wake of preparing. Furthermore, the scientist finds a way to know the representative's demeanor about the Training Program (counting philosophy). In light of the above need, stage II is directed. Essential information is utilized and it is gathered by using surveys and meeting techniques. Optional information was collected from the business records, books, magazines, and sites. The reactions were scored according to the scoring key of the separate survey. At that point, the outcomes were arranged, dissected, and examined. The gathered information was investigated utilizing proper factual strategies. The exact measurements, for example, mean and S.D, SEM, t-proportion, were registered. The result shows that after going to the preparation program, workers gain information about TQM. Furthermore, they have an inspirational demeanor about the association, and they are fulfilled about the preparation philosophy.

How Altruistic is Indirect Reciprocity? - Evidence from Gift-Exchange Games in the Lab

Indirect reciprocity is defined as a specific kind of behavior: An agent rewards or penalizes another agent for having behaved kindly or unkindly toward a third party. This paper analyzes the question of what drives indirect reciprocity: Does the agent reward or penalize because she (altruistically) cares for the third party? Or does she take the other agent's behavior as a signal of how the latter would treat her if they met? In order to measure the relative importance of the altruism motive versus the signaling motive, we consider a gift-exchange game with three players: an employer pays wages to a worker and a coworker, before the worker (but not the coworker) may reciprocate by exerting effort. We offer a theoretical framework to analyze both motives for indirect reciprocity and run a series of lab experiments. The treatments manipulate the worker's information on wages. We find that, if only the coworker's wage is observable, the worker's effort increases in the coworker's wage. In contrast, if the worker can observe her own wage, the coworker's wage does not affect worker effort at all. We interpret this as support for the signaling motive: Indirect reciprocity is rather a byproduct of direct reciprocity than an act of altruism.

An Exploration of the Knowledge Base Used by Irish and U.S. Child Protection Social Workers in the Assessment of Intimate Partner Violence

Child welfare practitioners in many countries now have increased responsibility for assessing intimate partner violence (IPV) as part of their child risk assessment process. Much research-based knowledge has accumulated about IPV and its impact on children that can inform this process. This exploratory study examined the extent to which research-based knowledge in IPV is influencing what child welfare practitioners explore in relation to IPV during their assessment process. Using a focus group format, two cohorts of child welfare practitioners, one located in Dublin County, Ireland, and one from the New York City metropolitan area, were asked what information they deem critical to explore about IPV, why they explore this content, and how they explore it. Results indicated that a wide range of information about IPV was reported as gathered by both groups, however, explicit research knowledge was not identified as a major influence for exploring these areas. Standardized IPV risk assessment instruments were also not reported as used by any of the participants. Other influences, such as practice experience, social work education, and legal or regulatory directives, had a much greater influence on the social worker's information gathering process in relation to IPV than research.

An Application and Design of Modern Culture's Contents Ontology using Topic Map

Modern culture has describing the year's situation along the social environment. A literary work changed as if the year's situation change. Therefore we can understand the age through the literary work and get knowledge the social request of the year's. This literary works have made a chance to know approaching more closely to user as producing media resources. Recently, IT convergence and digital convergence become a new trend to combine each other academic area and get much synergy effect. In this paper, we propose an application and design of the ontology that needs to make digital content from modern literary work's information. For this works, we specify the structure of the year's literary work and the relation of each factor. The specification method used topic map. Each relation model was specified the connection by topic vector.

Learning dynamic information needs: A collaborative topic variation inspection approach

AbstractFor projects in knowledge‐intensive domains, it is crucially important that knowledge management systems are able to track and infer workers' up‐to‐date information needs so that task‐relevant information can be delivered in a timely manner. To put a worker's dynamic information needs into perspective, we propose a topic variation inspection model to facilitate the application of an implicit relevance feedback (IRF) algorithm and collaborative filtering in user modeling. The model analyzes variations in a worker's task‐needs for a topic (i.e., personal topic needs) over time, monitors changes in the topics of collaborative actors, and then adjusts the worker's profile accordingly. We conducted a number of experiments to evaluate the efficacy of the model in terms of precision, recall, and F‐measure. The results suggest that the proposed collaborative topic variation inspection approach can substantially improve the performance of a basic profiling method adapted from the classical RF algorithm. It can also improve the accuracy of other methods when a worker's information needs are vague or evolving, i.e., when there is a high degree of variation in the worker's topic‐needs. Our findings have implications for the design of an effective collaborative information filtering and retrieval model, which is crucial for reusing an organization's knowledge assets effectively.

Nucleation for Lennard-Jones Fluid by Density FunctionalTheory

A non-mean field density functional theory is employed toinvestigate the vapour–liquid nucleation. The excessHelmholtz free energy functional is formulated in terms of a localdensity approximation for short ranged repulsion and a density-gradientexpansion for long-ranged attractions. An analytical expression for thedirect correlation function of a Lennard-Jones fluid is utilized to takeinto account the effect of long-ranged attractions on intermolecularcorrelations. With the predicted bulk properties and surface tension asinput, the nucleation properties including density profile, work offormation and number of particles at the reduced temperaturesT* = 0.694 and 0.741 are investigated. The obtained number ofparticles in the critical nucleus agrees well with the simulation data.

Education and the Allocation of Talent

The purpose of this paper is to study how education shapes the allocation of talent. To model the link between education and the allocation of talent, we add two features to a Spence (1974) type of two-sector education model. First, performance contracts give a worker incentives to choose the sector where (she believes she is) most productive. Second, education increases a worker's information capital, through giving the worker information about her abilities, and hence may affect the desired sector or job to work in. The baseline model predicts that workers with average ability educate, while the most able skip education. In an extension, we compare the UK and the US Bachelor's degrees and, moreover, analyze hybrid educational systems, common in Europe, that offer both UK and US types of Bachelor's degrees.