Workbench Software Research Articles

Static and dynamic performance analysis of scissor seat of combine harvester

This paper takes the scissor type seat of a domestic combine harvester as the research object, uses CATIA software to carry out three-dimensional modeling of the seat, and then imports the seat model into ANSYS Workbench software for static analysis and modal analysis, so as to judge whether the scissor type seat of the combine harvester meets the design requirements. The results of static analysis show that the maximum stress of the seat under the two different loads is less than the yield strength of the material, and the overall strength of the seat meets the design requirements. The modal analysis results show that the first six natural frequencies of the seat completely avoid the sensitive frequencies of the human body, which basically guarantees the working comfort of the driver. This study provides a theoretical basis for the structural design and optimization of combine seat.

First Report of broad bean wilt virus-2 in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) in China.

Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2), a member of the genus Fabavirus in the family Secoviridae mainly transmitted by aphids, has been recognized as a severe pathogen affecting the production of horticultural and ornamental plants worldwide (Xia et al. 2020). The virus was reported to infect many plant species mostly belonging to the family Fabaceae in China (Wang et al. 2017). In August 2018, marigold plants with the symptom of mosaic were observed in the field of Huairou, Beijing (Figure S1). Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaf samples from a single plant with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) with a standard procedure following the manufacturer's instructions, and small RNAs were isolated for deep sequencing library construction with Illumina TruSeq Small RNA Sample Prep Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). The high-throughput sequencing was carried out on an Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. After raw data process, 8,911,917 clean reads were gained and further de novo assembled into contigs with CLC Genomics Workbench software. BLASTN and BLASTX analysis against the GenBank database showed that 81 of the 9,495 assembled contigs shared high nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with the bipartite genome of BBWV-2 isolate Gyp (KX686589-KX686590 for RNA1 and RNA2, 89% of the genome coverage and 90% nt identity) and 34 with high nt sequence identity of cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) from Tagetes erecta (EU665000-EU665002 for RNA1-RNA3,89% of the genome coverage and 96% nt sequence identity) with sequence coverage ranging from 24-fold to 8,078-fold at different genome positions. To further confirm the presence of BBWV-2, a RNA2 specific primer pair targeting the coat protein region (F1423-1448,5-CTGACAGAGGAATACTATTTCCAAAG-3;R2692-2719,5-CCTGTAAAATTGATATCTCCGGACAAAC-3) was designed from the obtained HTS sequence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted. The 1.3 kb amplicon was ligated to pMD19-T vector (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) and sequenced. Sequence analysis showed it (BBWV-2-marigold, MW322809) shared 99% nt sequence identity with the Gyp isolate infecting Gynura procumbens from South Korea (LC497425.1). Phylogenetic analysis constructed with MEGA6 with the CP nt sequence of other reported BBWV-2 isolates showed BBWV-2-marigold clustered closely with the isolates from South Korea infecting Gynura procumbens (Figure S2), in accordance with the sequence identity analysis. Further RT-PCR with primer pair targeting the RNA1 (F3025-3050 5-GACAGAGTGATATTCCTAATCGAGAT-3; R4035-4062CACTCAATGC AATAAAGGTCTGGCACCT) was conducted and specific bands with the expected size of 1.0 kb were obtained in the agarose gel (data not shown), which further confirmed the existence of BBWV-2.A total of 16 marigold leaf samples(7 from Huairou and 9 from Yanqing) with mosaic symptom were collected and tested by RT-PCR with the abovementioned primer pair, and 4 from Huairou were BBWV-2 positive. Sequence analysis showed that these 4 isolates shared 100% nt sequence identity with the former sequenced isolateBBWV-2-marigold. Furthermore, CMV specific primer pair targeting the CP (F: 5-ATGGACAAATCTGGATCTCCCAAT-3/R: 5-CTAAGTCGGG AGCATCCGTGAGAT-3) were designed to detect the existence of CMV in these samples and results showed that all these 16 samples were positive for CMV. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BBWV-2 in marigold in China.These findings will assist investigations on the epidemiology of diseases caused by BBWV2 in China.

Titanium Alloy is Best Material for Roller Shaft in Sugar Mill

In sugar industry, the sugar processing done in different sections, but to increase total crushing per day (TCD) capacity, the milling section takes a vital role in the sugar industry. The sugar industry aims to extract the maximum amount of juice from sugarcane. In the milling section, the processed sugarcane is fed in between the three-roller shaft from the different arrangements, there are different loads applied on each part roller shafts. When load between all rollers varies then there is a chance of bending it is analyzed to check the roller shaft condition. The modeling is done on roller shaft with the help of CATIA V5. After modeling, we analyze the condition of the rollers, when different stress or forces are applied to different sections of the roller shaft it analyzed with the help of Finite element method using ANSYS WORKBENCH software. We were selecting titanium alloy materials for the roller shaft to analyze the variation in results. When comparing the calculated and software-based results using Maximum Shear stress and Total deformation for top, feed, and discharge rollers said the roller shafts are safe to use in the sugar industry and titanium alloy is the best material for these roller shafts.

Investigating the Effect of Screw Size on the Stress Level in MERO Joint for Space Frame Structures

Space frame structures satisfy the ever-increasing requirements of societies for providing a variety of structural forms and architectural spaces with special characteristics, such as aesthetic and free-form features, population-wise capacities, and structural performance, among others. Structural behavior of these systems largely depend on the type of joints and their components which are to be considered appropriately in design and analysis. Screws comprise one of the key components of joints in these structures and play a pivotal role in the total cost of the structure, as well as the maximum stress level created in joints. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of screw size on the maximum stress generated in three MERO double-layer ball joints with diameters of 98, 110, and 132 mm as a sample numerical analysis case to pinpoint this fact. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS workbench software. Based on the results, in order to achieve the maximum factor of safety (FOS), the minimum stress, and keeping the total construction cost optimal, it is recommended to use M16, M20, and M24 screws for the ball joints of diameters 98, 110, and 132 mm, respectively.

Design and analysis of bionic cobweb Umbrella-Type deployable mechanism

Based on the simplified mapping model of the geometric characteristics of a cobweb structure, a new umbrella-type deployable mechanism with a planar four-bar crank slider mechanism as the deployable unit is proposed. First, the model is statically analyzed and optimized using the Ansys Workbench software, and the optimal ratio of the spiral thread spacing in the model is determined. Additionally, the stiffness matrix of the cobweb rigid frame model is established, and the optimal angle between the spiral threads is determined using the matrix displacement method. Then, according to the optimized model angle and ratio, a new umbrella-type deployable mechanism is proposed, and its static performance is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the strength of the umbrella-type developable mechanism is improved, and the movement process is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the model deployment and folding process.

Vibration characteristics analysis and structural improvement of natural gas venting ignition pipeline

In order to study the flow-induced vibration characteristics of the natural gas vent pipeline under the internal flow field, taking the gas transmission station pipeline as an example, the ANSYS Workbench software was used to establish models under two working conditions, uncoupling and fluid-solid coupling, for modal analysis, and analyze and compare the calculation results and propose a structural improvement plan. The results show that the maximum amplitude of the first three modes under the two working conditions is concentrated on the riser mouth, and the amplitude under the fluid-solid coupling condition is slightly larger than that of no coupling; the inner diameter of the pipe elbow is large and the pressure is small, and the outside diameter is small and the pressure is small. Large, this instability will increase the air pulsation of the flow field. In the improved scheme, adding a restriction on the top to increase the rigidity of the pipeline can significantly reduce the maximum amplitude of the gas pipeline; adding an orifice to eliminate air flow pulsation has a certain effect on reducing the maximum amplitude and natural frequency, and the combination of the two can make the pipeline more stable. The research results of this paper can provide improved ideas for vibration reduction at the natural gas venting operation site.

Comparative Study of Miniplate vs Reconstruction Plate in the Management of Bilateral Parasymphysis Mandible Fracture: FEM Analysis.

The present study compared the stability of fracture fragments in the management of bilateral parasymphysis mandible fracture with Miniplate fixation and Reconstruction plate fixation using finite element analysis. 3D FE Mandible model was created using CT scanner. Two bilateral parasymphysis mandible fracture models were created. Model 1 was fixed with Miniplates, and Model 2 was fixed with Reconstruction plate. Loading forces of 120N at molar region and 62.5N at incisor region were applied. These two models were imported to ANSY'S Workbench Software. Miniplate fixation model showed comparatively reduced gap between fragments than Reconstruction plate. But the gap values of both the models were within the physiologic limit of healing under this specific loading. Analytically Miniplates were superior to Reconstruction plate in the management of bilateral parasymphysis fracture. Analytically Miniplates are superior to Reconstruction plate in the management of bilateral parasymphysis fracture. As the masticatory forces were reduced during fracture healing period, both fixations provide satisfactory healing. So both Miniplate and Reconstruction plate can be considered as fixation method for bilateral parasymphysis mandible fracture.

Design and Manufacturing Method of GFRP Blades for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Today, environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources have become growing challenges. One of these aspects is energy producing with less impact on the environment. For some applications the small wind turbines can be a solution. In this paper are presented some aspects regarding the design and manufacturing technology of 500 W vertical axis wind turbine blades. The turbine will be installed in the urban environment so that requirements regarding rotor aesthetics and noise level will be considered. The optimal geometric parameters of the turbine rotor were determined by specialized MathCAD and elaborated in 3D modelling software. For the blades the NACA 0018 airfoil was used with the chord length of 110 mm and is constant throughout the length of the blade. The blades are helical and are 1800 mm long. To estimate the aerodynamic performance of the turbine rotor, a computational fluid dynamics model was developed using ANSYS CFX finite element analysis software. The authors proposed a new method for rapid prototyping of blades using fused deposition modelling procedure. In order to increase the mechanical properties, the blades were covered with several layers of glass-fibres reinforced polymer. Estimation the blade strength to operating loads was performed using Ansys Workbench software. The modelling of the composite material architecture on the blade surface was performed using the special ANSYS Composite PrepPost module. Several simulations were performed with different number of layers and stacking sequences. In order to prevent rotor over engineering the maximum rotation speed of 400 min−1 was accepted (equivalent to ≍12 m/s wind speed). Simulation of the blade strength to operating loads indicate values of around 40 MPa for shear stress (50% less than failure shear stress) and around 80 MPa principal stress (60% less than failure tensile stress). The maximum blade deformations of 3 – 4 mm shows that the blade is stiff enough at imposed operation conditions. For the blade manufacturing, based on the numerical analysis results, the configuration of the strength structure composed of 5 layers of GFRP was selected, which forms a total blade weight of 1895g.

Finite element method analysis of preventer ram seals of different materials

The paper is dedicated to reducing risk of possible emergency in operation of blow out prevention equipment. It provides some general information on well blow out prevention equipment, describes materials of the principal elements of a ram-type blowout preventer and graphs reflecting deformation of rubber and polyurethane depending on static loads. It is suggested to replace a rubber seal IRP-1352 with a polyurethane-based seal SKU-7L as exemplified with a blind ram model. Ram strength calculations were performed with the ANSYS Workbench software and provided data on maximum deflection of the lower pipe ramp and equivalent stresses for rubber and polyurethane seals. Suggestions are given for selecting materials for ram blowout preventer seals.

Comparative analysis of stress distribution around CFR‑PEEK implants and titanium implants with different prosthetic crowns: A finite element analysis.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a new material that was introduced for the fabrication of implants and their superstructure along with other available materials. It is not yet known whether the carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR‑PEEK) material can be used as an implant and its superstructure in place of titanium (Ti). The study evaluated stress distribution around CFR‑PEEK implants and Ti implants with 5 different prosthetic crowns. A three-dimensional (3D) model of a bone block was created to represent the right maxillary premolar area with a bone-level implant system with 100% osseointegration, using the Ansys Workbench software, v. 15.0. In total, 10 3D finite element analysis (FEA) models were created. The models were divided into 2 groups according to the type of implant: the CFR‑PEEK group (n = 5); and the Ti group (n = 5). Each group was subdivided to imitate 5 different restorative crown materials (PEEK, zirconia, porcelain fused to metal (PFM), metal, and acrylic resin). Each implant model was loaded vertically (200 N) and obliquely (100 N). Stress distribution in the implants, the abutments, the cement layers, and the crowns was evaluated using the von Mises stress analysis. Maximum and minimum principal stress analyses were used to determine the stress generated in the bone. The CFR‑PEEK implants bore more stress in vertical and oblique loading as compared to the Ti implants. The stress generated in the bone with the CFR‑PEEK implants was similar to that generated with the Ti implants under vertical loading. Under oblique loading, less stress was transferred to the bone with the CFR‑PEEK implants as compared to the Ti implants, showing better adaptation of the CFR‑PEEK implants to lateral stress. In this FEA study, the amount of stress generated within the bone in the case of the CFR‑PEEK implants with different restorative crowns was smaller in comparison with the Ti implants in oblique loading. This could help reduce lateral stress on implants as well as crestal bone loss.

Analysis of the gasket geometry for sealing glass lamination autoclaves

Nowadays, autoclaves are widely used for industrial applications such as composite material production, laminated glass production and rubber industry. An autoclave is pressurized and heated up according to its special recipes, which are prepared by considering the technical specifications of the interlayer material and the types and thickness of the glass sheets. During the entire laminated glass production period, the gasket on the autoclave door provides sealing and it must not damage the steady air circulation inside the autoclave. In the present study, the sealing of a glass lamination autoclave was investigated numerically. In order to perform finite-element analysis (FEA), a simplified finite-element model was created by considering both the gaps between the autoclave door and its housing and the geometry of the gasket. In general, hyper-elasticity-based gasket materials were used for glass laminating autoclaves. A Mooney–Rivlin hyper-elastic material model was used for this study. In this study, nine different gasket geometries were designed and finite-element method (FEM) analyses of the gaskets were carried out by using the Ansys Workbench software. FEM analyses were performed at 13 bar operating pressure. The results were compared in terms of deformation of the gaskets and von Mises equivalent stress. The most suitable gasket geometry was determined according to the simulation and FEA results.

Comparision of the Stress Distribution Between High-Heeled and Flat Shoes on The First Metatarsal Bone

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the wearing high-heeled shoes (HHS) by comparing the wearing the flat shoes on the first metatarsal bone using the finite element method. The first metatarsal bone is modeled from computerized tomography (CT) image as 3D and imported to ANSYS Workbench Software. Body weight (BW) and muscle forces were applied to the first metatarsal bone. The bone was fixed at the proximal region of the bone for the boundary conditions. Three evaluation criteria were examined for the results as the stresses, the total deformations and the strain values on the bone. The stress and strain distributions of the bone were evaluated for the bone failure. The deformation of the bone were evaluated for the bone stabilitiy. As a result, the wearing HHS increases the stress values on the first metatarsal bone approximately %54 compared to the flat shoes. The strain values showed that the bone crack or failure was not occured. The deformation of the bone was increased when wearing the HHS shoes. The conclusion of the study is that the wearing HHS negatively affects the first metatarsal bone. Hence, the frequency of the wearing HHS in daily life should be reduced and heeled shoe designs should be made taking into account the stresses occured on the bone.

Экспериментально-расчетное определение механических свойств материала рабочих лопаток ГТД

A schematic description of a stand based on a digital speckle interferometer with a diffuse reference wave is given, which makes it possible to determine the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the blades in real-time. In the frequency range of 100 ... 3000 Hz, an experimental study of the vibration characteristics of a turbine rotor blade of a gas turbine engine was carried out, under free boundary conditions, which were achieved by placing the blade on soft silicone racks. Blade dimensions: height along the trailing edge - 288 mm, a chord in the middle section - 88.5 mm. 7 modes of vibrations have been identified. The technology of creating a solid-state geometric model of a rotor blade based on a faceted body obtained by 3D scanning with an accuracy of 0.01 mm is presented. The finite element method, using the Lagrange variation principle, is used to calculate the values of natural frequencies and vibration modes of a blade based on the developed geometric model. Concerning the frequency range 100 ... 3000 Hz, using the Ansys Workbench software package, a series of calculations of the resonant frequencies of the blade, by the finite element method, in the range of variation of the values of mechanical properties was carried out: Young's modulus E = 200 ... 230 GPa; Poisson's ratio μ = 0.26 ... 0.3. The density of the material: ρ = 7830 kg / m³, determined experimentally, by the method of hydrostatic weighing. The final element used in the calculation is (tetrahedron) SOLID 187; the minimum element size is 0.6 mm. The total number of elements is about 1.5 ∙ 10⁶. Based on the two-dimensional spline interpolation of the calculated data, the dependence of the standard deviation of the calculated and experimental values on the adopted mechanical properties of the material of the rotor blade is built. In the range of values E = 215 ... 217 GPa and μ = 0.295 ... 0.3, the minimum standard deviation of the calculated frequencies from their experimental values is 0.73%. Provided the value of the standard deviation of frequencies is 1%, the range of values of mechanical properties will be: E = 211 ... 220 GPa and μ = 0.26 ... 0.3. It is shown that narrowing the studied range of values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio does not significantly affect the results obtained.

Critical Speed Analysis of Sliding Bearing Rotor System Based On ANSYS

Sliding bearing rotor system plays an important role in rotating machinery, and its critical speed is a key index. In this paper, a sliding bearing rotor system is established, and the critical speed range is obtained by ANSYS Workbench software under different oil film stiffness, which provides guidance and basis for maintaining the stability of sliding bearing rotor system and avoiding resonance.

Static and modal analysis of sine-wave-shaped spar

Sine-Wave-shaped Spar (SWS) is recently involved in wing design as one of the corrugated shaped spars that highly improve the torsion and buckling resistance. SWS is an I-beam made of sine wave shaped vertical web fixed to upper and lower flanges. The current research evaluates the behavior of SWS in comparison to the traditional straight-web spar in resisting two cases of loading; static bending loading and static torsion loading. For each case, deformation and stress are analyzed. Modal analysis is also performed for the two spar configurations. For this purpose, a finite element model is developed using Ansys Workbench software for the SWS and the straight web spar. To reach a fair comparison, similar weight is considered for the two spar structures. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effect of web thickness and flange thickness on the bending and torsion deformation and stresses. The effect of thickness variation on the natural frequencies and mode shapes is also considered. The current study can be considered a base to design wing spars that combine the merits of the two spar configurations.

EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL RESISTANCE BY THE FINITE ELEMENTS METHOD OF A MACHINING TOOL WITH INTERNAL COOLING CHANNELS

In this work, the strength of machining hardware for the modified turning process with internal channels that circulates water as a coolant through a closed system was studied. As output parameters, the mechanical strength at the cutting edge and in the grooves was studied. In addition, input parameters were considered different force and thermal flow conditions generated in the tool's cutting edge. All analyzes performed: Influence of temperature on tool stress, comparison of the maximum stresses in the tool channels with the cutting edge, and the influence of coolant stress in the internal channels were performed using the finite element method by the Ansys® Workbench software 19.2. The main conclusions were that the parameter that most influences the tension exerted on the tools is the force and that, according to the force exerted, the tool will not resist the tension efforts.

Numerical Prediction and Reduction of Pressure Loss of Air Flow Inside a Sharp 90˚ Elbow Using Turning Vanes

The aim of this study is to calculate the pressure loss and the effect of turning vanes on the pressure loss incurred by the flow in a duct with a 90˚ sharp elbow using numerical fluid mechanics. The main focus this study was to calculate the effects of the number of turning vanes and the length of the turning vanes on the pressure loss. Computational Fluid Dynamics calculations have been carried out using ANSYS Workbench software. Two turbulence models have been used in these calculations. They are the standard k- and the k- turbulence models. The number and length of the vanes were changed in the study to calculate their effects on pressure loss. The length of the vanes was varied from 0mm to 400mm in steps of 100mm on both sides of the bend and the number of vanes was changed from 0 to 3. It was found that a single curved turning vane can reduce the pressure loss significantly. The pressure loss does not reduce further when the length of the vanes was extended. As the number of turning vanes increased beyond one, the predicted pressure loss starts increasing. The turning vanes in duct systems can be used in industries and factories to reduce the pressure loss.

A Comparison Between the Linear and Nonlinear Dynamic Vibration Absorber for a Timoshenko Beam

Dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) play an important role in the energy dissipation of a vibrating system. Undesirable vibrations of structures can be reduced by using the absorbers. This paper investigates the effect of an attached energy sink on the energy dissipation of a simply supported beam subjected to harmonic excitation. The aim is to design an optimal linear energy sink (LES) and a nonlinear energy sink (NES) and then compare them with each other. Each absorber includes a spring, a mass, and a damper. For each absorber, the optimum mass, stiffness, and damping coefficients are obtained in order to minimize the beam’s maximum amplitude at the resonant frequencies. The optimization problem is minimizing the maximum amplitude of the beam subjected to an arbitrary harmonic force excitation. For consideration of the effects of rotary inertia and shear deformation, the Timoshenko beam theory is used. The mathematical model of beam with DVA is verified by using the ANSYS WORKBENCH software. Finally, by considering the uncertainty on the DVA parameters it was observed that the LES is more robust than the NES.

Failure Analysis of Worm Gear in Worm Transmission

The failure cause of the worm drive in the NMRV reducer of the grounding knife-switch mechanism of State Grid was analyzed in this paper. The macroscopic analysis, chemical composition inspection, microscopic metallographic observation, hardness test, SEM analysis were carried out to evaluate the worm gear failure mechanism. The stress distributions of the tooth flank using dynamic contact finite element simulation were obtained based on ANSYS Workbench software. The results showed that an initial crack at the root position of softer worm gear was caused by excessively high impact at the initial stage of meshing in the worm drive, whose value was 308MPa higher than the allowable contact stress of 220MPa. The main reason for the hardness of the worm gear decreasing was that the amount of (α+δ) eutectoids fell and distributed unevenly.

Assessment of the negative impact of low-frequency vibrations on technological pipelines of compressor stations

The intensive development of gas transport and compressor manufacturing aimed at increasing the unit capacities of gas pumping units, creating high-flow centrifugal compressors, increasing the productivity of compressor shops has led to the appearance of fundamentally new problems in the diagnosis of industrial pipelines. The reasons for premature failure of piping manifold of gas pumping stations can be associated with both high static voltage in the pipelines and a high level of vibration. The main reasons for the increased vibration of the technological pipelines of the centrifugal compressor can be significant disturbing forces of the gas flow, coincidence of the natural frequencies of the pipeline system elements with frequencies of the disturbing forces, low dynamic stiffness of the pipeline- support system or a combination of the above conditions. The most effective method for studying problems such as low-frequency vibrations is the combination of engineering means for calculating dynamic processes and the results of measurements of the parameters of these processes in real systems and operating modes of the compressor stations. The hypotheses of the occurrence of low-frequency vibrations in pipelines are considered during the study, the acoustic properties of the process piping, and the resonant vibrations conditions are calculated. A computer model was created in the ANSYS Workbench software in order to consider the loading conditions for process piping. Based on Gazprom company standard 2-2.3-324-2009, an algorithm is proposed that is of practical importance for engineers of plant diagnostics operating gas transmission equipment. It is proposed to combine the performance of vibroacoustic studies and computing modeling with the determination of trends in the technical condition of the system for the analysis of changes in vibro-parameters. As a result of the work, direct measurements of the vibrodiagnostic specialists of the operating compressor station were compared with the obtained modeling data. Some methods were proposed to reduce the impact of operating conditions and design of the process piping on unacceptable low-frequency vibrations.