Work Sampling Method Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OF BEAM AND FLOOR PLATE WORK WITH WORK SAMPLING METHOD

Productivity is a crucial parameter in achieving project objectives. This research aims to obtain the value of labor productivity on the beam structure and floor plate in home construction using the work sampling method and analyze the comparison of the labor coefficient to the Analysis of Unit Price of Work (AHSP) in 2022. Experimental quantitative research describes this approach, utilizing information gathered through documentation, questionnaires, and participant observation. Data analysis in this research includes Data Uniformity Analysis, Data Sufficiency Analysis, Labor Utilization Rate (LUR), and Spearman Correlation. The findings revealed that the beam concreting job in home construction achieved a labor productivity rate (LUR) of 61.61% and 84.417 kg/person. In the floor plate concreting work, labor productivity reached 98.787 kg/person with a LUR value of 54.10%. Meanwhile, in formwork work, labor productivity reached 3.577 m/person with a LUR value of 53.37%, and in casting work, labor productivity reached 1.287 m/hour with a LUR value of 53.37%. Correlation analysis shows a positive relationship between Labor Utilization Rate and labor coefficient in concreting and formwork works. This indicates that the more efficient the labor, the higher the productivity in carrying out these activities, and the smaller the coefficient value obtained

Prospective Discussion on December-Month Introduction of Voice Nursing and Health Education System.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the 12th month of using the voice nursing and health education system. Work sampling method was used to observe for 120 hours, and 39 satisfaction questionnaires were collected. The results showed that the usage rate of voice health education system accounted for 14.3% of nursing guidance tools. Pearson analysis showed that user satisfaction and usage efficiency had the greatest impact (p < .001). When the system's ease of operation and stability meet expectations, the care guidance process can be improved.

Analysis of needs for nurses with the workload indicator staffing needs (WISN) approach to inpatient services in the Konawe islands regional public hospital, southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia 2024

Background: Nurses are health human resources who have a strategic role and make a major contribution to health services to patients in hospitals. The number of health workers on duty in a hospital greatly influences services. The number of inpatient nurses at Konawe Hospital is 13 people compared to the total population, which is still in the low category with a BOR above 80%, which shows that nurses have a high workload. Objectives: This research aims to determine the analysis of nursing staff needs using the Workload Indicator Staffing Needs (WISN) approach in inpatient services at the Regional General Hospital of Konawe Islands Regency in 2023. Method: The research carried out was a qualitative descriptive study using the work sampling method. The sample for this research was all 13 inpatient nursing staff at the Konawe Islands Regional Hospital. Results: Based on the research results, it is known that the calculation of the need for nursing staff based on workload obtained 16.89 number of nursing staff with a WISN ratio of 0.7. The working days available for the HR category are multiplied by the nurses' working time so the total working time available is 1996.8. The ratio of nurses to the number of beds is 13:25 with the number of patients in 2022 being 683 patients. The workload consists of 16 types of activities, the largest of which is changing IV fluids and installing identification bracelets, namely 57048 times, while the smallest workload activities are wound care, changing dressings, nurses going around patient observation rooms, cleaning beds, taking/moving patients to another place, and received patients from other rooms, namely 11410 times. Conclusion: The current amount of power is smaller than the amount of power needed to run the existing workload. There needs to be an additional 3 people from the existing 13 people to achieve a balanced situation. Therefore, it is necessary to manage nursing staff optimally to achieve quality nursing services, considering the workload of nurses as a reference in determining the need for nursing staff.

Workplace performance measurement: digitalization of work observation and analysis

AbstractProcess improvement initiatives require access to frequently updated and good quality data. This is an extremely difficult task in the area of production processes, where the lack of a process digital footprint is a very big challenge. To solve this problem, the authors of this article designed, implemented, and verified the results of a new work measurement method. The Workplace Performance Measurement (WPM) method is focused not only on the measurement of task duration and frequency, but also on searching for potential anomalies and their reasons. The WPM method collects a wide range of workspace parameters, including workers' activities, workers' physiological parameters, and tool usage. An application of Process Mining and Machine Learning solutions has allowed us to not only significantly increase the quality of analysis (compared to analog work sampling methods), but also to implement an automated controlling solution. The genuine value of the WPM is attested to by the achieved results, like increased efficiency of production processes, better visibility of process flow, or delivery of input data to MES solutions. MES systems require good quality, frequently updated information, and this is the role played by the WPM, which can provide this type of data for Master Data as well as for Production Orders. The presented authorial WPM method reduces the gap in available scholarship and practical solutions, enabling the collection of reliable data on the actual flow of business processes without their disruption, relevant for i.a. advanced systems using AI.

Analysis of the Adequacy of Nurse Staffing Level through the Estimation of Nursing Activity Hours and Implementation of Focus Group Interviews in a Tertiary Hospital: Using a Mixed-Method Design

This study aimed to examine the adequacy of current nurse staffing levels by identifying nursing activities and workload. The study used a mixed-method design. A nursing activity survey was conducted using the work sampling method over 2 working days with 119 general ward nurses. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 nurses. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and content analysis, respectively. The most amount of time was spent on medication (in direct nursing) and electronic medical record documentation (in indirect nursing). The appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:7.7 for the day shift, 1:9.0 for the evening shift, and 1:11.9 for the night shift. However, the current nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:9.4, 1:11.0, and 1:13.8 for the day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. Therefore, the current nurse staffing level is insufficient for the workload. In the focus group interview, the main reasons cited for being unable to complete tasks within working hours were communication and coordination, and the nursing electronic medical record. The essential nursing activities of basic nursing and emotional support were overlooked owing to a heavy workload. Therefore, an adequate nurse staffing level should be higher than the measured quantitative workload. These results suggest the general wards of tertiary hospitals should evaluate the adequacy of their current nurse staffing and allocate sufficient nurses to improve patient safety and nursing care quality.

Advancements in Data Analysis for the Work-Sampling Method

The work-sampling method makes it possible to gain valuable insights into what is happening in production systems. Work sampling is a process used to estimate the proportion of shift time that workers (or machines) spend on different activities (within productive work or losses). It is estimated based on enough random observations of activities over a selected period. When workplace operations do not have short cycle times or high repetition rates, the use of such a statistical technique is necessary because the labor sampling data can provide information that can be used to set standards. The work-sampling procedure is well standardized, but additional contributions are possible when evaluating the observations. In this paper, we present our contribution to improving the decision-making process based on work-sampling data. We introduce a correlation comparison of the measured hourly shares of all activities in pairs to check whether there are mutual connections or to uncover hidden connections between activities. The results allow for easier decision-making (conclusions) regarding the influence of the selected activities on the triggering of the others. With the additional calculation method, we can uncover behavioral patterns that would have been overlooked with the basic method. This leads to improved efficiency and productivity of the production system.

ANALISIS PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PADA PEKERJAAN PLAT LANTAI DENGAN METODE WORK SAMPLING

Slab structure work in building construction is a very important job because floor slab work has a large volume. Labor productivity is very important in carrying out a job, the output of the construction sector can be seen from the quantity of work that has been done, while the input is the amount of resources used such as labor. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of labor required for every 1 m2 (OH) and the standard time for labor productivity in completing 1 m2 of floor slab work. The method of collecting primary data is the source of research data obtained directly, such as the number of workers and observation of sampling data, while secondary data is obtained from projects such as working drawings. The data is then processed using Microsoft Excel. This research is a type of quantitative research with a work sampling method. The results of research on floor slab work in the Udayana University Faculty of Medicine Building Construction project show that the calculation of the volume of labor per day (OH) requires 0.011 OH masons and 0.011 OH workers and the results of calculating the standard time to complete 1 m2 of floor slab work is 3.15 minutes/m2 . The Calna Villa project shows that the calculation of The volume of labor (OH) requires 0.039 OH masons and 0.039 OH workers and the results of calculating the standard time to complete 1 m2 of floor slab work is 10.37 minutes/m2.

HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA DENGAN KINERJA TENAGA KEPERAWATAN

Workload is an important concern for the nursing profession which will have an impact on the performance of nursing staff in providing nursing services. This study aims to determine the results of measuring workload and performance of nursing staff in the Outpatient Installation of Dumai City Regional Hospital. The research method was quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted at the Dumai City Hospital Outpatient Installation from June-July 2023. The population of this study was 33 people, the sample used was 33 respondents taken using the total sampling technique. Workload measurement is carried out using the work sampling method through observation. Performance is obtained using secondary data. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Pearson correlation, chi-square and linear regression on work sampling variables only. The research results showed that the calculation of heavy workload in orthopedic and neurosurgery clinics was 93.75%. With direct productive activities in wound care (19.23%) and indirect productive activities in completing the SPPK (Proof of Health Services) (13.01%). Nursing staff with a heavy workload was 27.28%, and a light workload was 72.72%. Nursing staff with good performance was 75.8% and very good 24.2%. There is no relationship between workload and the performance of nursing staff (p-value= 1.000, OR=0.750). Research Ethics Pass Letter Number: 145/KEPK/UHTP/VI/2023 dated June 19 2023. Evaluation and restructuring of work systems include reducing unproductive workloads, adjusting working hours, or allocating resources more efficiently and training and competency development of nursing staff.

Analisis Pengukuran Waktu Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Mental Guna Menentukan Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Yang Optimal Pada PT. Papan Jaya Lumajang

PT. Papan Jaya is one of the textile industries that produces ply wood in large quantities. A significant increase in the number of requests forces companies to be able to compete with other companies, so an increase in productivity is needed. The company experienced several periods of non-fulfilment of production targets. Given the problems that occur, this research will calculate the analysis of working time and mental workload on the workforce in order to optimize the workforce. This type of research uses the Work Sampling method to calculate normal time and standard time, NASA-TLX is useful for knowing the value of the mental workload of the workforce, and Work-load Analysis to optimize the workforce. The results of the Work Sampling method obtained a total production time of 70.41 minutes by considering the Performance Rating and Allowance value. The NASA-TLX method results in the majority of the workforce having a high workload value. The mental workload value with the highest value was 86 on the hot press machine (Operator 9) while the lowest mental workload value was 55 on the rotary machine (Operator 4). As well as the results of the Workload Analysis method, the mixing machine part and the cutting machine part need to add 2 workers and the trimming part needs to reduce 1 worker. From these results, the workforce at PT. Papan Jaya, which originally consisted of 18 workers, after being calculated, the results obtained were 21 workers.

Studi Waktu Kerja untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Kerja pada Pembuatan Upper Sandal

KUB Capable of Jaya is an industrial business formed from skills training to improve the economy and standard of living of the residents. This company produces goods that focus on types of footwear, namely hotel slippers, sandals, shoes, and upper sandals. In the upper sandal production process, problems were found at work time where workers did not have a time reference and target production in the production process. This causes a lot of free time and affects the speed of workers in doing work which will have an impact on production results that cannot meet the number of customer orders. The purpose of this research is to find out the standard production time, standard production output, and the number of workers needed so that the amount of production can meet the target order. The methods used to solve this problem are the work sampling method, standard output, and workload analysis. The standard time to produce 1 unit of upper sandals is 68,24 seconds, the standard output produced in 1 day is 422 units or 211 pairs, and the number of workers in the cutting process is 5 people, 1 person is punching holes, 1 person is installing buckles, 1 person for the buckle locking process, and 1 person for the installation/finishing process

PRODUKTIVITAS PEKERJA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WORK SAMPLING (PEKERJAAN PEMASANGAN TIANG PANCANG)

There are various methods that can be employed to measure construction labour productivity. However, it is difficult to measure accurately labour productivity. Work sampling is a relatively easy to use methode for measuring productivity. The main objective of this research is to analyze labour productivity on the building project of The Fame Citywalk located on Jalan Rajawali Palembang utilizing work sampling method. The productivity measure obtained from the analysis is labour utilization rate (LUR) and labour daily coefficient productivity of bore file contruction. Besides, this research is intended to investigate factors influencing the LUR in project by using questionnaire. The work sampling analysis shows that ini overall LUR of project of bore file construction was 73.45%. Besides LUR, high productivity is taken from every percent per hour of every work from bore file construction is 6.404 org/m’/hour. The highest labour productivity for all works tookplace on Tuesday. From the result of t-test on questionnare, factors taken influence significantly to labour productivity that is on the level of significant 95% is control and supervision, teamwork, and leadership. Mean while factors of material and equipment, rework, information, present, shedule, motivation, moral and behavior, skill and labour substitute do not influence significantly on labour productivity.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Karyawan dengan Metode Work Sampling dan Regresi Linear Berganda di PT Graha Nusa Pratama

&#x0D; This study aims to determine the level of productivity of employees of PT Graha Nusa Pratama; analyze the influence of age, work experience, and wage suitability variables on employee productivity of PT Graha Nusa Pratama; and determine between age, work experience, and wage suitability variables, which variable has the greatest effect on worker productivity. The object of this research is to analyze the factors that affect employee productivity at PT Graha Nusa Pratama, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted at PT Graha Nusa Pratama. The research was conducted on 20 employees. Data collection is carried out according to working hours starting at 08.00 WIB until 16.00 WIB. Statistical analysis techniques in this study using multiple linear regression. Calculation of employee work productivity using the work sampling method. The results showed that the magnitude of the productivity level was obtained from the results of data collection about the level of LUR (labor utilitation rate) of each worker for 1 day. From the results of data processing about the productivity level (LUR) of each employee at PT. Graha Nusa Pratama, it can be seen that the average productivity level of LUR is&gt; 50%. This shows that the level of work productivity is productive and satisfactory. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that age has no significant effect on the age variable on the productivity of PT Graha Nusa Pratama workers, while work experience and wage suitability have a significant effect on the worker productivity variable. The work experience variable is the biggest influence on worker productivity. &#x0D; Keywords: Employee Productivity, Work Sampling, Multiple Linear Regression&#x0D;

Analysis of Labor Productivity in Floor Plate Work Using The Work Sampling Method

Labor productivity is very important in carrying out a job, in the field of construction output can be seen from the quantity of work that has been done, while input is the amount of resources used such as labor. This study aims to determine the amount of labor required per 1 m2 (OH) and the standard time for labor productivity in completing 1 m2 of floor slab work. The method of collecting primary data is the source of research data obtained directly, such as the number of workers and observation of sampling data, while secondary data is obtained from projects such as working drawings. The data is then processed using Microsoft Excel. This research is a type of quantitative research with work sampling method. From the results of research on floor slab work in the Udayana University Faculty of Medicine Building Construction project, it shows that the calculation of the volume of labor per day (OH) requires 0.011 OH masons and 0.011 OH workers and the results of calculating the standard time to complete 1 m2 of floor slab work is 3.15 minutes/m2 . The Calna Villa project shows that the calculation of the volume of labor (OH) requires 0.039 OH masons and 0.039 OH workers and the results of calculating the standard time to complete 1 m2 of floor slab work is 10.37 minutes/m2.

Vibration levels and daily vibration exposure while using different tools in a forest cleaning

Abstract Forest cleaning, being an operation that requires investment, but the return on investment is due for the next generations, utilizes tools and methods that mostly haven’t been humanized. Harmful vibration is still present in today’s forestry operations, and new tools provide possible reduction of exposure to vibrations. Petrol chainsaw and battery chainsaw (late cleaning) and billhook, machete, and battery shears (early cleaning) were used and observed in this study. Vibration levels were measured and assessed using validated Brüel &amp; Kjær 4447 vibrometer which complies with the ISO 8041:2017 standard. The measurement was performed according to the recommendations of ISO 5349-1:2001 and ISO 5349-2:2001 standards. Vibration exposure was assesed using work sampling method on the obtained video recordings in order to calculate relative shares of different work elements. Results show that hand tools (machete and billhook) are causing the highest vibration levels, while battery shears cause the lowest. Battery chainsaw causes higher vibration levels while cutting, but lower daily vibration exposure than petrol chainsaw. A detailed revision in the classification of tools is needed, considering their ability to produce and transmit harmful vibrations to the operator. Using the current classification, the daily exposure to vibration of workers in early forest cleaning is high above legislative values.

Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Pemasangan Marmer Metode Basah dan Kering Pada Proyek Masjid di Kota Solo

Construction work needs to be controlled for its performance through productivity calculations in order to achieve optimal cost and time. Marble covering work has a considerable weight. However, studies discussing the calculation of labor productivity for marble covering work are still few. This study aims to determine the value of productivity, coefficients, and productivity levels of labor (Labor Utilization Rate) in completing the installation of marble coverings using the wet method for floor coverings and the dry method for wall coverings with parallel patterns and diagonal patterns. The study used a work sampling method with a productivity rating approach. Primary data were collected by sampling the volume of marble covers of 482.400 m² and observations on labor groups consisting of craftsmen and helpers in predetermined zones. Furthermore, analysis was carried out using quantitative techniques of parametric inferential statistical type where the data was confirmed to be normally distributed using SPSS software. The results showed that the labor productivity of marble floor coverings was 9.896 m² / day with a coefficient of craftsman and helper of 0.101 each and a Labor Utilization Rate of 58%. Second, the labor productivity of parallel pattern marble wall coverings is 12.589 m²/day with a coefficient of craftsman and helper of 0.159 each and a Labor Utilization Rate of 57%. The labor productivity of diagonal pattern marble wall coverings was 1,549 m²/day with the efficiency of craftsman and helper of 0.646 and the Labor Utilization Rate of 55%, respectively. The results showed that the labor of marble cover work is quite productive because it has a productivity level above 50%.

Delegation of patient related tasks to allied health assistants: a time motion study

BackgroundAllied health assistants (AHAs) are support staff who complete patient and non-patient related tasks under the delegation of an allied health professional. Delegating patient related tasks to AHAs can benefit patients and allied health professionals. However, it is unclear whether the AHA workforce is utilised optimally in the provision of patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of time AHAs spend on patient related tasks during their working day and any differences across level of AHA experience, clinical setting, and profession delegating the task.MethodsA time motion study was conducted using a self-report, task predominance work sampling method. AHAs were recruited from four publicly-funded health organisations in Victoria, Australia. AHAs worked with dietitians, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, podiatrists, social workers, speech pathologists, psychologists, and exercise physiologists. The primary outcome was quantity of time spent by AHAs on individual task-categories. Tasks were grouped into two main categories: patient or non-patient related activities. Data were collected from July 2020 to May 2021 using an activity capture proforma specifically designed for this study. Logistic mixed-models were used to investigate the extent to which level of experience, setting, and delegating profession were associated with time spent on patient related tasks.ResultsData from 51 AHAs showed that AHAs spent more time on patient related tasks (293 min/day, 64%) than non-patient related tasks (167 min/day, 36%). Time spent in community settings had lower odds of being delegated to patient related tasks than time in the acute hospital setting (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.28 to 0.69, P < 0.001). Time delegated by exercise physiologists and dietitians was more likely to involve patient related tasks than time delegated by physiotherapists (exercise physiology: OR 3.77, 95% 1.90 to 7.70, P < 0.001; dietetics: OR 2.60, 95%CI 1.40 to 1.90, P = 0.003). Time delegated by other professions (e.g. podiatry, psychology) had lower odds of involving patient related tasks than physiotherapy (OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.85, P = 0.02).ConclusionAHAs may be underutilised in community settings, and by podiatrists and psychologists. These areas may be targeted to understand appropriateness of task delegation to optimise AHAs’ role in providing patient care.

Penentuan Jumlah Kebutuhan Tenaga Kerja pada Stasiun Kerja Composer Dengan Menggunakan Metode Work Sampling di PT. Asia Forestama Raya

The purpose of this study was to determine the average productive percent of operators so that they can determine the standard time required for operators to carry out their work at PT. Asia Forestama Raya Composer station, and to find out the amount of manpower needed at this station. The method used in this study is the Work Sampling Method, this method is a work technique to conduct a large number of observations on the work activities of machines, processes and workers or operators. The sample used in this study were workers or operators at the Composer work station. Composer work station is a work station consisting of 12 Cast Builder machines with each machine consisting of 5 operators, the work of this station is to connect plywood sheets according to standard sizes. Based on the results of data processing that has been carried out in this study, it can be concluded that the average working productive percent of all operators is 94.087%. The standard time required for the work process on the Cor Builder machine is 11.3 minutes/m3, and the amount of labor required at the Composer work station initially amounted to 5 people (with details of 2 people as Cor Builder machine operators, 2 people as repair as well as inspection, and 1 person as waste disposal), to 7 people (with details of 2 people as Cor Builder machine operators, 4 people as repair and inspection, and 1 person as waste disposal.

Using Work Sampling Method to Calculate Raw Time and Production Capacity of Roll Pallets at PT. Xyz

Using Work Sampling Method to Calculate Raw Time and Production Capacity of Roll Pallets at PT. Xyz

Penentuan Jumlah dan Efisiensi Tenaga Kerja Pengemasan Dengan Metode Work Sampling

Determination of the number of workers is one step to increase efficiency and productivity. Packaging has an important role to increase productivity. The purpose of the work measurement is to determine the standard time with the work sampling method so that it can be seen the number of workers needed. Observation of 2 trained workers for 10 days with 30 observations per day. The results showed that the average productive percentage in shift 1 of labor 1 was 96% and labor 2 was 93%. While in the second shift 2 workers have a productive percentage of 92%. The standard time in shift 1 is 1,2946 minutes/unit with a load of 233.28% and 1,3009 minutes/unit for a workforce with a load of 263.55%, while in shift 2, the workforce 1 is 1.3038. minutes/unit with a load of 320.16% and a workforce of 1.3401 minutes/unit with a load of 346.84%. Based on the calculation of the efficiency of shift 1 workers with efficient achievements of 95.00% and 86.67%. Likewise, with the efficiency of shift 2 workers with efficient achievements of 88.33% and 86.00%. So the number of workers needed is 5 people/machine.

Analysis Of Services Standards And Workers Productivity Using Work Sampling Method At Xyz Store

The industrial era is now getting stricter in terms of job search criteria, so employees must improve consistency and ability to understand the work system well. Population Service is one of the public service organizations that serves the community in managing Identity Cards (KTP), Family Cards (KK). Work performance is one of the key elements in determining the success of the implementation of a service process. One method that can be used in employee performance analysis is the job sampling method. From the research sampling conducted for 5 days, 158 files were received, and the target set was 150. Based on the background above, it is not known whether the employee is productive or not, and how long the employee took to collect data. . To find out the performance of civil service employees at the Batam City Population Service. Based on the calculation of the standard time using the work sampling method with the Westinghouse adjustment factor, the standard time needed to serve the making of a KTP or KK is 3.79 minutes and the total productive is 401 or 93% and the non-productive is 31 or 7%. So that it can be said that the performance of public service employees at the Batam City Population Service Office is included in the productive group.