Work-related Psychosocial Factors Research Articles

Physical and psychosocial work-related exposures and the occurrence of disorders of the shoulder: A systematic review update

This review is an update of a previous systematic review and assesses the evidence for the association of work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors and specific disorders of the shoulders. Medline, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central and PsycINFO were searched and study eligibility and risk of bias assessment was performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 14 new articles were added with the majority focusing on rotator cuff syndrome (RCS) with seven studies. Nine articles reported psychosocial exposures in addition to physical exposures. The strongest evidence was found for the association between elevation, repetition, force and vibration and the occurrence of SIS and tendinosis/tendonitis. Evidence also suggests that psychosocial exposures are associated with the occurrence of RCS and tendinosis/tendonitis. Other findings were inconsistent which prevents drawing strong conclusions.

Stress and burnout in the context of workplace psychosocial factors among mental health professionals during the later waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary.

While literature is abundant on the negative mental health impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, few studies focus on the Central and Eastern European region. We examined stress, burnout, and sleeping troubles among mental health professionals in the context of psychosocial risk factors related to participation in COVID care during the fourth and fifth waves. Mental health professionals (N=268) completed an online cross-sectional survey in Hungary, between November 2021 and April 2022. Of the respondents, 58.2% directly participated in COVID care. The main data collection instrument was the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II), including 20 subscales on work-related psychosocial factors and 3 outcome scales (stress, burnout, and sleeping troubles). We added a question on competence transgression, and items on sociodemographic and professional background. Participation in COVID care was associated with higher work pace (59.08 versus 49.78), more role conflicts (55.21 versus 45.93), lower scores on the influence at work (38.18 versus 51.79), predictability (44.71 versus 57.03), reward (55.82 versus 65.03), role clarity (70.19 versus 75.37), social support from supervisor (59.24 versus 65.55), job satisfaction (54.36 versus 62.84), trust regarding management (55.89 versus 67.86), justice and respect (44.51 versus 54.35) scales. Among those involved in COVID care, only the stress score was higher (47.96 vs. 42.35) in the total sample; however, among psychiatrists, both stress (52.16 vs. 38.60) and burnout scores (58.30 vs. 47.06) were higher. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that work-family conflict, emotional demands and workplace commitment were independent predictors of higher stress and burnout scores; furthermore, competence transgression had a significant effect on stress, and being a psychiatric specialist had a significant effect on burnout. These models explained 40.5% of the variance for stress and 39.8% for burnout. During the fourth and fifth waves, although COVID care was more well-organized, psychiatrists, as specialist physicians responsible for the quality of the care, were still experiencing challenges regarding their competence and influence at work, which may explain their increased levels of stress and burnout.

Fatores de risco psicossociais relacionados ao trabalho: uma análise contemporânea

Abstract Introduction: work-related psychosocial factors have stood out in debates concerning health protection and promotion in occupational contexts. Objective: this essay demonstrates how the lack of thematic exploration regarding the antagonism and structural conflict between capital and labor, as well as its co-optation by neoliberal managerial logic, impoverishes the debate and weakens initiatives aimed at transforming the work environment. Method: a literature review was conducted using historical materialism as a theoretical framework. Results: policies, instruments, and measures formulated to protect workers’ health developed under the ideological framework of capitalist accumulation and neoliberal governmentality become understandings and interventions that, far from transforming actual work situations, mask the role played by work in occupational health. They consecrate actions focused on individuals, dampen social struggles, and increase pressure on workers. Conclusion: addressing psychosocial risks should not be limited to mitigating them; rather, it should find its purposes and foundations in a theoretical-practical horizon that unveils the need to overcome the capitalist economy itself.

Work-related psychosocial risk factors: a contemporary analysis

Resumo Introdução: nos debates sobre a proteção e a promoção da saúde nos contextos laborais, o tema dos fatores psicossociais relacionados ao trabalho (FPRT) tem se destacado. Objetivo: demonstrar que a ausência da tematização do antagonismo e do conflito estrutural entre capital e trabalho, bem como a captura da temática pela lógica gerencialista neoliberal, produz o empobrecimento do debate e o enfraquecimento de iniciativas voltadas para a transformação do contexto laboral. Método: a reflexão é realizada a partir de revisão da literatura, tendo como referencial o materialismo histórico. Resultados: as formulações de políticas, instrumentos e medidas destinadas à proteção da saúde dos trabalhadores, gestadas nos marcos ideológicos do regime de acumulação capitalista e da governamentalidade neoliberal, convertem-se em compreensões e intervenções que, longe de transformarem as situações concretas de trabalho, mascaram o papel exercido pelo trabalho em relação à saúde dos trabalhadores, consagram as ações voltadas aos indivíduos, arrefecem as lutas sociais e ampliam as pressões sobre os trabalhadores. Conclusão: o enfrentamento dos riscos psicossociais não deve se limitar à mitigação desses riscos, mas sim encontrar seus propósitos e seus fundamentos em um horizonte teórico-prático que descortine a necessidade de superação da própria economia capitalista.

Emotional burnout syndrome influence on the functional state of the teacher

Nowadays, the role of psychosocial work-related factors is increasing both in the production and nonproduction areas, which are predisposing to the development of psycho-emotional overstrain, professional stress and burnout. Emotional burnout is associated with psychological discomfort of events, tension, anxiety,loss of life meaning and a tendency to suicide. It manifests itself in the deformation of professional development, personality destruction, in a decrease in the duration and quality of life and the productivity of professional activity. As it is known, professional ctivity, including the professional environment, affects the state and emotions of the worker, causing a change in the assessment of the situation and in the actions of a person in accordance with the requirements of the activity and their capabilities. Socio-economic changes, taking place in society, cause new requirements for specialists in almost all professions, including teachers. Teachers should possess not only professional knowledge, skills, and abilities, moreover they should have special abilities and personality characteristics that provide flexibility and dynamism of professional behavior. High levels of neuropsychic and emotional stress are related to teachers' occupations, and as a result, health problems develop. The issue of teachers developing emotional burnout syndrome is addressed in this article. Teachers who are gradually losing energy show signs of emotional debilitation, personal dispassion, physical fatigue, and a decrease of job satisfaction. The paper also presents a theoretical and practical research of emotional burnout syndrome among teachers, the peculiarities of the presentation and factors of emotional burnout are indicated.

CORRELATES OF RETIREMENT EXPECTATIONS AMONG BABY BOOMERS IN US AND SOUTH KOREA: APPLICATIONS OF TREE-BASED METHODS

Abstract 75 million US Baby Boomers are expected to retire by 2030. Retirement decisions are a result of a complex interplay of multiple psychosocial factors, including individual (demographics, health characteristics), family (marital status, spousal characteristics), work-related factors (job characteristics, workplace environment), and cultural contexts surrounding retirement. However, traditional regressions of retirement expectations limit the inclusion of a large set of factors and their interactions. This study employed decision trees and random forests to explore the salient psychosocial correlates of retirement expectations among Baby Boomers in two countries that differ in retirement norms and policies, US and South Korea. Sample included adults aged 52-65 from the 2016 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (n=1,192) and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (n= 766). Expectation (probability) of working full-time for the next 5-10 years was modeled continuously (range: 0-100). Prediction models of expectations included 52 psychosocial factors relating to individual, family, and work characteristics. Mean expectations were higher in Koreans than US adults (71.4% vs. 36.7%). Age, self-reported probability of living to age 75, and work hours strongly predicted expectations in both US and Korean adults. While type of employment, Social Security or private pension benefits, and employment tenure were important predictors in US adults, flexible work arrangements were important in Koreans. Differences in features predicting retirement expectations between the US and Korean adults suggest opportunities for country-specific programs and policies aimed to promote workplace environment and pension benefits for successful retirement planning in the Baby Boom generation.

“Always Look at the Clock”: Psychosocial Working Conditions in Outpatient Care—A Qualitative Study

Background: In view of demographic change, there is a growing need for qualified nursing professionals. More and more people in need of care prefer to be cared for at home. A shortage of skilled workers and constantly changing and increasing professional requirements are some of the consequences. The aim of this study is to generate further insights into work-related psychosocial stress factors and the resources of outpatient caregivers in their subjective perceptions to derive approaches for possible health-promoting interventions for practice and research that promote healthier and more sustainable work. In addition, coping strategies and needs should be inquired about in order to determine support offers. Methods: Using a semi-structured interview guide, thirty outpatient nursing professionals in Germany were interviewed in 2022. The subject of this interview was the psychosocial working conditions and resources in outpatient care. The collected data were evaluated by means of the Kuckartz qualitative content analysis. Results: This qualitative study identified work-related job demands and resources in outpatient care. The way nurses are treated in the companies they work for and the appreciation of patients were explored as important resources. Physical demands, the time factor, and dealing with personal fates are primarily mentioned as stress factors. The learning effect plays an important role in dealing with these. Conclusion: This study contributes to a better understanding of current job strain and resources as well as job satisfaction in outpatient care. In any case, it became clear that the nursing staff love their profession, which they see more as a vocation. Future quantitative studies are necessary to build on these findings. First ideas of implications for health promotion measures in research and practice have already been derived.

Association of work-related psychosocial factors and day-to-day home blood pressure variation: the Finn-Home study.

Stress, and particularly job strain, has been found to associate with ambulatory blood pressure (BP). Moreover, BP is known to vary between days. One potential over-looked factor underlying this day-to-day BP variation could be work-related psychosocial factors. Thus, we aimed to study the association between job strain, job demands, job control and day-to-day BP variation. The home BP of 754 regularly working participants (mean age 50.9 ± 4.8, women 51%) of the Finn-Home Study was measured twice in the morning and twice in the evening over seven days. Average SBP and DBP were calculated for each day. Work-related psychosocial factors were measured with survey. Multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models were used for statistical analysis. We found a greater SBP/DBP decrease between weekdays and weekend among participants with high job strain (-1.8 [95% confidence interval, 95% CI, -2.7 to -0.8]/-1.7 [95% CI, -2.3 to -1.1] mmHg) compared to participants with low job strain (-0.7 [95% CI, -1.1 to -0.2]/-0.7 [95% CI, -1.0 to -0.4] mmHg). The participants with high job demands showed a higher BP decrease between weekdays and weekend (-1.4 [95% CI, -2.0 to -0.8]/-1.3 [95% CI, -1.6 to -0.9] mmHg) than the participants with low job demands (-0.5 [95% CI, -1.1 to 0.0]/-0.6 [95% CI, -1.0 to -0.3] mmHg). We did not find BP differences regarding job control. High job strain and high job demands were associated with a greater BP reduction from weekdays to the weekend. Work-related psychosocial factors should be considered when assessing day-to-day BP variation.

Relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and self-leadership in advanced nurse practitioners: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between advanced nurse practitioners' self-leadership and commitment to the workplace, work engagement and influence at work. The concept of self-leadership is particularly suited to ANPs, who are required to take responsibility for their work roles. An optimum balance between the ANPs' psychosocial work environment and self-leadership may positively impact work ability in this group and can be compromised by interactions between and among these variables. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted from July 2020 to August 2020 on 153 ANPs across a national health service. The survey was distributed to respondents online. The revised self-leadership questionnaire was used to measure self-leadership, and three scales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire were used to measure commitment to the workplace, work engagement and influence at work. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between self-leadership and the psychosocial variables. ANPs with high levels of self-leadership reported high levels of work engagement and commitment to the workplace. No relationship was found between self-leadership and influence at work. Improving self-leadership among ANPs by involving them in strategic leadership activities at an organizational level could be an effective strategy for optimizing the role and facilitating ANPs to contribute at an organizational level beyond the clinical interface. However, organizational support is required to ensure that ANPs practise to the full potential of their training and capability. No patient or public contribution. This study provided new evidence of a relationship between ANPs' self-leadership and psychosocial factors. This study found that ANPs with high levels of self-leadership reported high levels of work engagement and commitment to the workplace. Policymakers and organizational leaders can optimize the ANP role and facilitate ANPs to contribute strategically to improve care systems. This study identifies a relationship between ANPs' self-leadership and specific psychosocial variables.

Association between psychosocial work-related factors at midlife and arterial stiffness at older age in a prospective cohort of 1736 white-collar workers

ObjectiveArterial stiffness and exposure to psychosocial work-related factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relationship between psychosocial work-related factors and arterial stiffness. We...

The impact of negative and positive affectivity on the relationship between work-related psychological factors and work engagement in Japanese workers: a comparison of psychological distress

BackgroundA previous study has shown that Japanese individuals generally exhibit behavior that suppresses the expression of positive emotions, which are strongly affected by affectivity traits. In the present study, to clarify the relationship between affectivity traits and work engagement (WE) or work-related psychosocial factors among Japanese workers, we compared it to the association between psychological distress and these same factors.MethodsA total of 1,000 full-time Japanese regular workers responded to an online survey that measured demographic variables, negative and positive affectivity, job demands and resources, WE, and psychological distress. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted separately, which used WE and psychological distress as dependent variables.ResultsThe proportion of variance explained by negative and positive affectivity was lower for WE than for psychological distress. However, the proportion of variance defined by job demands and resources was higher for WE than for psychological distress. The proportion of variance explained by all variables for negative and positive affectivity and job demands and resources, and their interactions was approximately equal for WE and psychological distress.ConclusionThese results emphasize when researchers aim to evaluate the change of psychosocial factors in the workplace, such as improving the workplace environment among Japanese workers, it might be beneficial to measure positive indicators in addition to negative indicators. Furthermore, enriching job resources would be effective in improving WE and alleviating psychological distress.

Pain Control Beliefs Predict Premature Withdrawal From the Labor Market in Workers With Persistent Pain: Prospective Cohort Study With 11-Year Register Follow-up

While a range of work-related psychosocial factors has been associated with various pain disorders and early retirement, less is known about pain cognitions and their influence on premature exit from the labor market. Therefore, as a primary objective, this study investigates associations between pain control beliefs and risk of disability pension among Danish eldercare workers. In 2005, 2257 female eldercare workers with low-back and/or neck/shoulder pain>90 days within the previous 12 months, replied to a survey and were followed for 11 years in a national register of social transfer payments. Using Cox regression, we estimated the risk of disability pension during follow-up from experiencing different levels of “pain control” and “pain influence,” controlling for pain intensity and other relevant confounders. In the fully adjusted model for pain control with “high” as reference, hazard ratios of 1.30 (95% CI 1.03–1.64) and 2.09 (95% CI 1.45–3.01) are observed for “moderate” and “low,” respectively, while the metric of pain influence shows hazard ratios of 1.43 (95% CI 1.11–1.87) and 2.10 (1.53–2.89), respectively. Pain control beliefs are associated with disability pension among eldercare workers with persistent pain. These results highlight the importance of evaluating not only bodily manifestations of pain, but also individual pain-related cognitions that may influence the experience of pain. PerspectiveThis article addresses the complex experience of pain within an organizational context. We introduce the metrics of “pain control” and “pain influence” among workers with persistent pain, showing that the psychometric properties of these measures are prospectively associated with premature exit from the labor market.

Psychosocial model of burnout among humanitarian aid workers in Bangladesh: role of workplace stressors and emotion coping

BackgroundWhile trauma exposure is an established predictor of poor mental health among humanitarian aid workers (HAWs), less is known about the role of psychosocial work-related factors. This study aims to establish a psychosocial model for burnout and psychological distress in HAWs that tests and compares the effects of adversity exposure and workplace stressors in combination, and explores the potential mediating role of individual coping styles.MethodsPath analysis and model comparison using cross-sectional online survey data were collected from full-time international and local HAWs in Bangladesh between December 2020 and February 2021. HAWs self-reported on exposure to adversities, workplace psychosocial stressors (Third Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), coping styles (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey), and psychological distress (Kessler-6).ResultsAmong N = 111 HAWs, 30.6%, 16.4%, 12.7%, and 8.2% screened positive for moderate psychological distress (8 ≤ Kessler-6 ≤ 12), emotional exhaustion (EE ≥ 27), depersonalization (DP ≥ 13), and severe psychological distress (K-6 ≥ 13), respectively. 28.8% reported a history of mental disorder. The preferred model showed distinct pathways from adversity exposure and workplace stressors to burnout, with negative emotion-focused coping and psychological distress as significant intervening variables. While greater exposure to both types of stressors were associated with higher levels of burnout and distress, workplace stressors had a stronger association with psychological outcomes than adversity exposure did (β = .52, p ≤ .001 vs. β = .20, p = .032). Workplace stressors, but not adversities, directly influenced psychological distress (β = .45, p ≤ .001 vs. β = −.01, p = .927). Demographic variables, task-focused and avoidance-focused coping were not significantly associated with psychological outcomes.ConclusionsCompared to exposure to adversities, workplace stressors primarily influenced occupational stress syndromes. Reducing workplace stressors and enhancing adaptive coping may improve psychological outcomes in humanitarian staff.

Lifestyle and work-related correlates of psychosocial health among Australian teachers: a cross-sectional study

AimThis study examined the psychosocial (psychological distress, job-specific wellbeing, burnout) health of a large sample of teachers in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, specifically the association between psychosocial health, work-related factors, and lifestyle behaviours.Subject & methodsAn online survey collected lifestyle behaviours, work-related factors, and socio-demographics from primary and secondary school teachers in NSW from February to October 2021. Associations between work-related factors, lifestyle behaviours, and psychosocial health were modelled using logistic regression in R and adjusted for gender, age, and geographic location.ResultsIn our sample (n = 1136), 75% were women and 28% of the sample worked in rural or remote areas. Women reported higher levels of psychological distress (51%), compared with men (42%), and over 30% of teachers reported high levels of burnout. Teachers who engaged in three or more positive health-related behaviours had lower odds of psychological distress and burnout as well as higher odds of job-specific wellbeing. Multiple work-related factors such as hours worked, teaching load, teaching experience, teacher type, and teacher role were associated with one or more aspects of psychosocial health after adjusting for socio-demographic variables.ConclusionMore is needed to support the psychosocial health of teachers in NSW. Future lifestyle programs for this population should include psychosocial outcomes to further explore the relationship between teachers’ health-related behaviour and their psychosocial health.

Precision and Recall of Search Strategies for Identifying Studies on Work-Related Psychosocial Risk Factors in PubMed.

This study aims to report on the effectiveness of various search strategies and keywords to find studies on work-related psychosocial risk factors (PRF) in the PubMed bibliographic database. We first selected by hand-searching 191articles published on PRF and indexed in PubMed. We extracted 30 relevant MeSH terms and 38 additional textwords. We then searched PubMed combining these 68 keywords and 27 general keywords on work-related factors. Among the 2953 articles published in January 2020, we identified 446 articles concerning exposure to PRF, which were gathered in a Gold Standard database. We then computed the Recall, Precision, and Number Needed to Read of each keyword or combination of keywords. Overall, 189 search-words alone or in combination were tested. The highest Recall with a single MeSH term or textword was 43% and 35%, respectively. Subsequently, we developed two different search strings, one optimizing Recall while keeping Precision acceptable (Recall 98.2%, Precision 5.9%, NNR 16.9) and one optimizing Precision while keeping Recall acceptable (Recall 73.1%, Precision 25.5%, NNR 9.7). No single MeSH term is available to identify relevant studies on PRF in PubMed. Locating these types of studies requires the use of various MeSH and non-MeSH terms in combination to obtain a satisfactory Recall. Nevertheless, enhancing the Recall of search strategies may lead to lower Precision, and higher NNR, although with a non-linear trend. This factor must be taken into consideration when searching PubMed.

Work-Related Psychosocial Factors and Global Cognitive Function: Are Telomere Length and Low-Grade Inflammation Potential Mediators of This Association?

The identification of modifiable factors that could maintain cognitive function is a public health priority. It is thought that some work-related psychosocial factors help developing cognitive reserve through high intellectual complexity. However, they also have well-known adverse health effects and are considered to be chronic psychosocial stressors. Indeed, these stressors could increase low-grade inflammation and promote oxidative stress associated with accelerated telomere shortening. Both low-grade inflammation and shorter telomeres have been associated with a cognitive decline. This study aimed to evaluate the total, direct, and indirect effects of work-related psychosocial factors on global cognitive function overall and by sex, through telomere length and an inflammatory index. A random sample of 2219 participants followed over 17 years was included in this study, with blood samples and data with cognitive function drawn from a longitudinal study of 9188 white-collar workers (51% female). Work-related psychosocial factors were evaluated according to the Demand-Control-Support and the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models. Global cognitive function was evaluated with the validated Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Telomere length and inflammatory biomarkers were measured using standardised protocols. The direct and indirect effects were estimated using a novel mediation analysis method developed for multiple correlated mediators. Associations were observed between passive work or low job control, and shorter telomeres among females, and between low social support at work, ERI or iso-strain, and a higher inflammatory index among males. An association was observed with higher cognitive performance for longer telomeres, but not for the inflammatory index. Passive work overall, and low reward were associated with lower cognitive performance in males; whereas, high psychological demand in both males and females and high job strain in females were associated with a higher cognitive performance. However, none of these associations were mediated by telomere length or the inflammatory index. This study suggests that some work-related psychosocial factors could be associated with shorter telomeres and low-grade inflammation, but these associations do not explain the relationship between work-related psychosocial factors and global cognitive function. A better understanding of the biological pathways, by which these factors affect cognitive function, could guide future preventive strategies to maintain cognitive function and promote healthy aging.

Association of poor perceived work ability and psychosocial work-related factors in health and social service worker age groups: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivePrevious work ability studies have primarily focused on old workers and physical health. This study investigated how poor perceived work ability (PPWA) is associated with work-related factors in different health...

Synthetic indicators to analyze work-related physical and psychosocial risk factors: evidence from the European Working Conditions Survey

In modern workplaces, alongside physical, chemical, and biological hazards, other risks are linked to the organisation of work and to the nature of the work itself. This paper investigates the association between workers’ well-being and both psychosocial and physical risk factors at work proposing a synthetic measure suitable to generate insights on well-being at work and on individual risk factors. Exploiting data from the European Working Conditions Survey, we select as response variable the “self-assessed health”. As this proxy of well-being is measured on a Likert scale, Ordered Probit analyses are run, and respondents’ profiles are illustrated. Then, a Principal Component Analysis is carried out to build two synthetic measures summarising the selected risk determinants. The resulting first principal components are subsequently used as synthetic indicators in further, simplified, Ordered Probit models to explain the impact of different sets of risks on perceived health. Such a methodology allows for a straightforward interpretation of the results since many different risk drivers are replaced by two continuous synthetic indicators. Our findings, in line with existing research, confirm that both types of risk factors do exert a substantial impact on workers’ health, although the psychosocial determinants seem to be more prominent.

Rodne razlike na radnom mestu - bolovanje i gubitak produktivnosti na poslu i njihova povezanost sa zdravljem i faktorima radnog mesta

Introduction: Differences in sickness absence and productivity loss at work between men and women are recognized but need to be better understood. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 10,407 employees from 37 companies in the Netherlands participated in a Web-based health risk assessment, between 2010 and 2014. Self-reported short-term (<9 days) and long-term (10 or more days) sickness absences during the preceding 12 months were assessed. The questionnaire also asked about productivity loss at work, physical and psychosocial work-related factors, and health problems. Log-linear models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Women, more often than men, experienced short-term and long-term sickness absence (PR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.11, and PR 1.33, 95% CI 1.21 - 1.46, respectively) but were less likely to have productivity loss at work (more than 30%), (PR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81 - 0.99). In short-term sickness absence, gender differences were reduced by 20%, after controlling for psychosocial work-related factors, and by 60%, after controlling for health problems, separately. None of the factors mentioned above could explain a large productivity loss at work among men. Conclusions: Higher prevalence of sickness absence among women can partly be explained by psychosocial work-related factors and health problems. Further studies are needed to explore large productivity loss at work among men.

A new ranking index to identify the work-related psychosocial factors most impacting mental health: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesIn modern professional life, mental health prevention and promotion have become a major challenge for decision-makers. Devising appropriate actions requires better understanding the role played by each work-related psychosocial factor...