Expert Group Work Research Articles

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ В РОЗРОБЦІ РЕГІОНАЛЬНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ

The article is devoted to substantiating the specifics of information interaction of participants in the process of developing a regional development strategy and expanding approaches to their information support. The author examines the areas of informational contacts between the participants of strategic management, reveals the problems of involving all stakeholders in these processes, emphasizes that within the framework of the regional management system, full-fledged interaction of contact audiences should involve mutual exchange of information. The author also suggests optimization of the interaction due to the progressive technologies of the collective work of expert groups. Foresight technologies are considered as such technology. These technologies are relevant where it is necessary to delegate the powers of the state to public institutions. They allow citizens to participate in the strategic management of the region, showing civic culture and responsibility for the future of the region. Foresight technologies also facilitate interaction between expert groups, expand their ranks thanks to the involvement of various stakeholders from business, science, and culture. The strategy of regional development, recreated on the basis of Forsyth, will not be another bureaucratic document, but a reference point in the activities of regional authorities, communities, science, business and other institutions of society. On the basis of the obtained results, a public position will be formed, which will form the basis of the further development of the region. The article reveals their advantages and possibilities of application in the development of regional development strategies in the conditions of a changing environment. The results of the study can be applied in the field of state and regional management to improve the information support of strategic decision-making processes. A promising direction of future research on this issue is the development of technological solutions in the information interaction of regional administration participants, overcoming information barriers in these processes, and developing ways to harmonize regional strategies taking into account national interests.

Orphan Medicine Incentives: How to Address the Unmet Needs of Rare Disease Patients by Optimizing the European Orphan Medicinal Product Landscape Guiding Principles and Policy Proposals by the European Expert Group for Orphan Drug Incentives (OD Expert Group).

Today policy makers face the challenge to devise a policy framework that improves orphan medicinal product (OMP) development by creating incentives to deliver treatments where there are none and to authorize innovative and transformative treatments where treatments already exist. The European Expert Group on Orphan Drug Incentives (hereafter, OD Expert Group) came together in 2020 to develop policy proposals to facilitate EU policy makers to meet this challenge. The group brings together representatives of the broad rare disease community, including researchers, academia, patient representatives, members of the investor community, rare disease companies and trade associations. The group’s work builds on the recognition that only an ambitious policy agenda developed in a multi-stakeholder setting can bring about the quantum leap needed to address unmet needs of rare disease patients today. Along the OMP development path, the OD Expert Group has identified four main needs that a policy revision should address: 1) Need to improve the R&D ecosystem for basic research and company take-up of development. 2) Need to improve the system of financial incentives and rewards. 3) Need to improve the flexibility, predictability and speed of the regulatory pathway. 4) Need to improve the coherence and predictability of demand and pricing for OMPs. This article presents the results of the OD Expert Group work as a set of guiding principles that the revision of the policy framework should follow and a set of 14 policy proposals that address the main needs of OMP development in Europe today.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF THE EUROPEAN NETWORK OF FORENSIC SCIENCE INSTITUTES (ENFSI) AND FORENSIC INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the main aspects of the activities of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI), which is the largest European network of forensic institutions and, at the same time, one of the most significant. The main structural components of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) are analyzed. In particular, there are highlighted the main tasks and goals that the Board and the ENFSI Secretariat, expert working groups, standing committees set for the achievement of aims. The purpose of this article was to show the main internal directions of the work of the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI), in particular, what are the work of expert groups, the standing committees, their interaction between themselves and expert-working groups. There are also highlighted basic principles of ENFSI standing committees within the framework with the European Commission. It is also drawn attention to the main projects of the ENFSI standing committees, which are so-called Monopoly projects and which are funded by the European Commission. The article reveals not only the internal interaction of ENFSI, but also the external work of the network: in the International Forensic Expert Alliance (IFSA), interaction with Interpol and Europol. Interpol, being the most developed international organization in the fight against crime, pays significant attention to interaction and cooperation with forensic institutions. For these purposes, Interpol organizes and conducts international symposia on the entire range of forensic examinations, including forensic. The cooperation between ENFSI and Europol is no less fruitful, since Europol has extensive experience in hosting pan-European databases. Due to the interaction between ENFSI and Europol, it has been launched the Expert Platform (EPE) which offers a set of common functions customized to the needs of each expert community. Forensic institutions of Ukraine are closely involved in international cooperation in the field of forensics. In particular, the Kyiv Scientific Research Institute of Forensic Expertise of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, is a member of ENFSI, is actively involved in international activities, including participating in the work of working groups within the framework of ENFSI, as well as international symposia, seminars and projects.

Kształtowanie się zasad dostępu do zasobów cyfrowych w Stanach Zjednoczonych w ramach zarządu powierniczego

This paper describes the development of the principles of fiduciary access to digital assets in the United States. It focuses on US legislation before the drafting of the Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (RUFADAA) in 2015, examining the legal and social issues faced by American lawyers in their search for a balance between facilitating fiduciary access and respecting privacy. Special attention is paid to the first legislative initiatives at the state level as well as to two model regulations that represent opposite approaches to access to digital assets: the Privacy Expectation Afterlife and Choices Act (PEAC) and the Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (UFADAA). The analysis considers the requirements for gaining access to the account of a deceased user, conflicts between legally protected interests and conflicting federal and state laws, and the meaning of such legal terms as digital assets, fiduciary, custodian, content of an electronic communication, et. al. The reasons for the failure of these acts to receive final approval are also analysed. Research is based on American doctrine, state and federal legal acts, documentation of the legislative process, and the work of expert groups, including, primarily, the Uniform Law Commission (ULC).

Результаты участия России в работе экспертной группы по тюремному здравоохранению Партнерства «Северное измерение»

The International partnership «Northern Dimension» includes states located in the northern region of the earth planet: Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Russia, Denmark, Germany, Poland and the Baltic countries. The work of the partnership «Nor-thern Dimension (ND)» covers a wide range of areas: education, culture, nuclear and environmental safety, the development of gas condensate and oil fields, health, transport, energy, science, etc. In particular, joint projects relate to the cooperation between the Northern Dimension countries in the Arctic, in the Baltic and Barents Seas, in developing of Northern Sea commercial use, the Baltic oil pipeline creation and other projects. Under the umbrella of the partnership of health and social wellbeing an independent group of experts of prison health is working since 2015.The work of this EG is headed by the elected national representative of Germany and his deputy the national representative of Latvia. The main goal of the prison health expert group work is to reduce the spread of typical diseases in prison (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, sexually transmitted infections, cardiovascular diseases, malignoma et cetera). In 2016–2018 five meetings of the group were performed (Berlin – two meetings, Riga, Moscow, Warsaw), in four of which Russian representative made reports about the Russian prison medical care status. In these reports it has been shown that the penitentiary medicine of the Russian Federation steadily and methodically demonstrates positive changes that are reflected in the dynamics of the main intensive and extensive indicators. There is notable positive outcome of the group meetings with Russian membership. Representatives of the north European countries prison systems have received firsthand reliable information about the Russian penitentiary healthcare system status. In high level expert discussions the presented data are evaluated and responced suggested. This will undoubtedly contribute to the process of further improvement of international relations with benefits for Russian system.

Asia-Pacific States and the Development of International Humanitarian Law

This chapter considers the development of international humanitarian law by states from the Asia-Pacific region. It explores the contribution of individual states from the region to the drafting of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocols. It examines the extent to which state practice and opinio juris from states from the region are used in the formation of customary international humanitarian law rules, using as case studies the ICRC Customary International Humanitarian Law study and jurisprudence of the ICTY. The role of national judicial decisions from the region is analysed. The chapter then turns to the use of materials from Asia-Pacific states in leading teachings of publicists, such as the ICRC Commentaries on the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols and the work of expert groups.

The Expert Group Work Supervision Process: Apperception, Actions, and Interactions

The researchers conducted a systematic exploration of the experiences of expert group work supervisors during the supervision process. This article's purpose is to report results that inform intentional practice and illustrate supervision interventions for group work supervisors. Results indicated that participants experienced an interactive process of apperception and actions situated within the context of their beliefs about group work and supervision and knowledge about multiple levels of the system. This article provides a detailed account of the interrelationship of supervisor understanding and actions, examples of group work supervision interventions, and implications for group work supervision, training, and further research.

The Experiences of Expert Group Work Supervisors: An Exploratory Study

Evaluation of group work supervision literature suggests that description of expert group work supervisors' experiences could be useful for expanding existing group work supervision practices and models. This study provided a systematic exploration of the experiences of expert group work supervisors during the supervision process. Results indicate that group work supervisors experience a process of conceptualization and critical reflection that guides their supervisory actions. This process occurs within the contexts of beliefs about group work, supervision, and knowledge about self, supervisee(s), and supervisees' groups. The article addresses limitations of the study, provides implications for training of supervisors, supervision, and research.

Osteoporosis guidelines

The Position Statement from the International Menopause Society (IMS) in 2004 recommends the use of hormone therapy for the `avoidance of bone-wasting and fractures'. It also states that `prevention, not treatment, is the most feasible goal'. In updating the Statement, this paper considers the relevance of Osteoporosis Guidelines. Relevant documents will be of two broad types. These may be consensus statements/position statements that summarize the `state of the art' for practitioners, based on the work of expert groups, or they may be formal Guidelines generated through formal `evidence-based' methodology. The former approach is generally used by Societies and can be generated through relatively efficient consensus processes. The latter approach will normally involve extensive work and cost, necessarily becomes very detailed, involving systematic review and technology appraisal and can lead to highly specific recommendations on intervention thresholds. For the revision of the general IMS Position Statement, the specific IMS Paper on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (2005) must be a key reference document. This provides a description of the international consensus on the management of osteoporosis up to late 2004 and which remains relevant today. Additionally, other consensus statements and systematic guidelines need to be considered. Across these documents providing guidance, the substantial influence of the International Osteoporosis Foundation/National Osteoporosis Foundation Position Paper, defining a `New approach to the development of assessment guidelines for osteoporosis', can be seen. This flagged the importance of a shift from guidance, tying the diagnostic threshold to the intervention threshold, and instead advised linking the intervention threshold to estimated fracture risk probability. This moves the intervention decision away from a simple bone density threshold to a more complex, but more realistic, threshold estimate, taking into account a range of important clinical risk factors and bone mineral density. This thinking is reflected in the IMS Paper on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (2005).

Performance indicators for the road sector

Seeing the trend for public accountability of road administrations and noting the many reform efforts undertaken in transport sectors around the world, the OECD established a Scientific Expert Group on Performance Indicators for the Road Sector in 1996 to provide its member countries a framework for assessing road administrations' performance. The results of the Expert Group's work is presented in this paper. Fifteen indispensable, forty primary, and thirty-five secondary indicators are proposed to portray the road sector from different perspectives. They are designed to be changed in response to human needs and technological development and supplemented by country specific indicators. In keeping with this approach and in support of one of the maxims of the Expert Group that 'useful performance indicators are those which are used', an application in the form of a Field Test is now in progress by an OECD task force. The Performance Indicators proposed are grounded in a mental model adopted by the Expert Group. This model is management by results model, and is useful as a theoretical tool in the many highly fluid contexts in which restructuring is moving forward. In the model, the products and services are judged by standards or criteria; outcomes – derivatives of products and services through user interface – are judged relative to objectives and user satisfaction. The achievement of objectives, however, is not proposed as the only or even primary basis of evaluation. The situation is more abstract and complex. Therefore, the various uses of Performance Indicators – including the opportunities to assist road administrations in becoming learning organizations – are given much emphasis in the paper. The views and conclusions in the paper are those of the author and should not be attributed to the World Bank or its affiliated organizations.